ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS), an enzyme required for de novo purine biosynthesis, is associated with and involved in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PAICS in human breast cancer, which remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in less developed countries. RESULTS: Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA targeting PAICS specifically depleted its endogenous expression in ZR-75-30 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Depletion of PAICS led to a significant decrease in cell viability and proliferation. To ascertain the mechanisms through which PAICS modulates cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed, and it was confirmed that G1-S transition was blocked in ZR-75-30 cells through PAICS knockdown. This might have occurred partly through the suppression of Cyclin E and the upregulation of Cyclin D1, P21, and CDK4. Moreover, PAICS knockdown obviously promoted cell apoptosis in ZR-75-30 cells through the activation of PARP and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression in ZR-75-30 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that PAICS plays an essential role in breast cancer proliferation in vitro, which provides a new opportunity for discovering and identifying novel effective treatment strategies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Peptide Synthases/physiology , Breast Neoplasms/enzymology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carboxy-Lyases/biosynthesis , Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology , Cell Proliferation , Peptide Synthases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Flow CytometryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a comparative study of the cellular proliferation in the peripheral and central fibromas. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemistry for PCNA and the AgNOR technique were performed in 9 cases of peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF), in 4 cases of odontogenic fibroma (OdF), in 8 cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma (PEOF) and 7 cases of ossifying fibroma (OsF). The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the statistical analyses. Results: Mesenchymal component of the central lesions presented a higher mean number of AgNOR per nucleus and PCNA index than did the peripheral lesions (P≤0.05). The mean number of AgNOR per nucleus in the epithelial component proved to be higher in the OdF than in the POF (P≤0.05). The mesenchymal and epithelial components presented similar mean numbers of AgNOR per nucleus and PCNA index in the OdF, as well as a similar mean number of AgNOR per nucleus in the POF. Conclusions: The mesenchymal component may well play a role in the differences between the biological behaviour of the central lesions as compared to the peripheral lesions. Moreover, considering that the epithelial and mesenchymal components in odontogenic fibromas presented a similar proliferation index, more research is warranted to understand the true role of the epithelial components, which are believed to be inactive in nature, as well as in the development and biological behaviour of these lesions. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Proliferation , Fibroma, Ossifying/pathology , Odontogenic Tumors/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology , Antigens, Nuclear , Immunohistochemistry , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Reference Values , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Considerado como um dos melhores marcadores tumorais, o antígeno prostático específico (PSA) é largamente utilizado. Valores acima de 4,ng/ml podem significar câncer de próstata (CaP). No entanto, doenças benignas podem alterar o seu valor e o câncer de próstata pode apresentar-se sem alterá-lo. O exame digital da próstata (EDP) e a dosagem de PSA são as melhores formas de diagnosticar e acompanhar os pacientes com mais de 40 anos.
One of the best tumors markers ever known, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is well advantage today. Values above 4.ng/ml can demonstrate prostate cancer. Although benign diseases would change the values of PSA and prostate cancers would not. Digital prostate exam (DPE) and PSA are the best way to diagnostic and watch men with over 40 years.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostate-Specific Antigen/physiology , Prostate-Specific Antigen/immunology , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology , Clinical Evolution , Digital Rectal Examination , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Primary Prevention , Prognosis , Prostatic HyperplasiaABSTRACT
La Radioinmunoterapia ha atraído rápidamente el interés como modalidad potencial en el tratamiento del cáncer. Este presente trabajo revisa varios aspectos dosimétricos que involucran la efectividad de la técnica, así como, los procedimientos empleados en la obtención de la información dosimétrica, el tipo de radionucleido seleccionado, las limitaciones y posibilidades de los métodos de estimación dosimétrica; y proporciona un estudio detallado sobre los modelos radiobiológicos que con potencialidad pueden ser utilizados en la prescripción de la dosis en un sistema de planificación que permita establecer una relación dosis/respuesta del tratamiento
Subject(s)
Humans , Radioimmunotherapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Radiobiology , Beta Particles/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/physiology , Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology , Alpha Particles/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Los marcadores tumorales son sustancias relacionadas con la presencia y actividad tumoral que pueden ser determinadas en tejidos, líquidos como prueba de tamizaje, en la etapa del diagnóstico, en el manejo terapéutico y en el seguimiento del paciente con cáncer. Como pruebas de laboratorio, para el clínico representan una poderosa herramienta que debe conocer y utilizar en todos los pacientes con cáncer. De los marcadores tumorales desarrollados hasta el momento, sólo el antígeno específico de próstata y la alfa-feto proteína tienen utilidad en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de próstata y el hepatocarcinoma. Los otros marcadores tienen utilidad en la etapa del diagnóstico, en la evaluación del tratamiento y en la detección oportuna de la enfermedad residual y de la enfermedad metastásica. Se analizan los principales marcadores tumorales y se definen los criterios para su utilización.