ABSTRACT
O blefaroespasmo essencial é uma distonia focal caracterizada por contrações involuntárias, espasmódicas e bilaterais dos músculos orbicular da pálpebra, corrugador, prócerus e depressor do supercílio. Trata-se de uma doença rara, cujo diagnóstico é frequentemente tardio, o que permite a progressão dos sintomas até quadros de cegueira funcional. Nesse estudo, por meio de revisão da literatura, descreve-se as principais características da doença, incluindo os seguintes aspectos: histórico, epidemiologia, etiologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico diferencial e tratamento.
Essential blepharospasm is a focal distonia characterized by involuntary, spasmodic, bilateral contractions of eyelid protractors. This is a rare disease, which diagnosis is frequently late and symptoms may progress until functional blindness. In this article, we perform a review and describe the most important features of the disease, including historical aspects, epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blepharospasm , Blepharospasm/diagnosis , Blepharospasm/etiology , Blepharospasm/therapyABSTRACT
Isolated caudate nucleus lesions have only rarely been documented to cause focal extrapyramidal dysfunction. Two cases with possible infarcts in the head of left caudate nucleus presenting with contralateral tremors and blepharospasm with hemifacial spasm are reported. The possible mechanisms for such a presentation are discussed.