Fatores de risco de sangramento para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea / Bleeding risk factors for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation

Introdução: O sangramento é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea e o risco para que ele aconteça tem sua importância reconhecida no diagnóstico de enfermagem da Taxonomia NANDA I, Risco de Sangramento. Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco com significativa chance de estarem associados aos casos de sangramento em paciente submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea. Metodologia: Neste estudo, realizou-se um estudo de caso- controle retrospectivo em um hospital federal militar localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro para identificar os fatores de risco com significativa chance de estarem associados aos casos de sangramento para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com Circulação Extracorpórea. Resultados: Como resultado, após a aplicação da metodologia de caso- controle, as variáveis evidenciadas como associadas a sangramento anormal tendo valores com significância estatística foram IMC menor 25 kg/m2, Hipotermia menor que 32o Celsius e tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial Ativado acima de 40 segundos. Conclusão: Este estudo traz contribuições relevantes ao refinamento do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de sangramento, oferecendo relevante informação para a validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem, abrindo caminho para uma prática profissional disciplinar e multidisciplinar que articula os esforços da equipe de saúde na avaliação do paciente submetido a cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea.

Bleeding is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation and risk for it happen has its importance recognized in the nursing diagnosis of the taxonomy NANDA-I Bleeding Risk. Aim: to identify risk factors with significant chance of being associated with bleeding in patients submitted to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Methodology: In this study, we've developed a retrospective case control study in a federal military hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro that aimed to identify risk factors with significant chance of being associated with cases of bleeding to patients submitted to cardiac surgery with Extracorporeal Circulation. Results: As a result, after applying case-control methodology, variables associated with abnormal bleeding having statistical significance value were IMC less than 25 kg/m2, Hypothermia less than 32o Celsius Partial Thromboplastin Time Activated above 40 seconds. Conclusion: This study brings relevant contributions to refinement of nursing dignosis Risk to Bleeding, opening a pathway to disciplinary and multi disciplinary professional practice that articulates health staff effords in evaluating patients submitted to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.

Can Maximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule Be Used as a Predictor of Successful Completion of Bloodless Surgery?

BACKGROUND: The Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bloodless Center was established in 2000, and more than 2,000 bloodless surgeries have been performed there since. In this study, the lowest postoperative Hb/preoperative Hb (Hblow/pre) ratio and mortality rates of patients who underwent bloodless surgery were analyzed for each maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) category to assess whether MSBOS can be used as a predictor of successful completion of bloodless surgery. METHODS: A total of 971 patients were included. MSBOS was defined as the average number of units of RBCs transfused during each elective surgery. We used the Hblow/pre ratio as an alternative to intraoperative blood loss. Frequency of Hblow/pre ratios < or =0.5, use of transfusion alternatives, and mortality rates were compared across MSBOS categories. RESULTS: Out of the 971 patients, 701 (72.2%) were categorized as type and screen (T&S), 184 (18.9%) as MSBOS 1, 64 (6.6%) as MSBOS 2, and 22 (2.3%) as MSBOS 4. Transfusion alternatives were used by 397 (40.9%) patients. The frequency of the use of simultaneous erythropoietin and iron, hemostatics, acute normovolemic hemodilution, and Cell Saver (Haemonetics corp., USA) was higher in patients in the higher MSBOS categories. Six (0.6%) patients died within 30 days of surgery. Hblow/pre ratios tended to be lower as the level of MSBOS category increased. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeries in the higher MSBOS categories tended to be associated with high blood loss and mortality. Active use of transfusion alternatives is recommended in patients in high MSBOS categories who are scheduled to undergo bloodless surgery.