Correlation Between the Stature and Cranial Measurements in Population of North India.

Introduction: Height has been one of the impressive factors for personal identification of individuals since long ago & has always been of immense interest to anthropologists & for medico-legal purposes in Forensic Medicine. Methods: The present study was conducted on 800 Students (400 male & 400 female) medical students of cosmopolitan origin, ranging from age group of 17 – 25 years of Western U.P. The measurements were taken at fixed time between 2 to 5 p.m. to eliminate the discrepancies due to diurnal variation. Results: Gender differences with respect to the mean cranial length, cranial breadths were found to be significantly larger in males compared to females. Correlation coefficient between the stature and measured cranial dimensions were found to be statistically significant and positive in both males and females. Independent linear regression analyses for predicting the stature using the head length and head breadth in both genders were: Male - Stature = 109.97+3.18 x hl; Stature = 107.64+4.19 x hb Female - Stature = 121.54+2.03 x hl; Stature = 114.88+2.58 x hb. For height & cranial dimensions measurements, all three estimates yielded a very high degree of precision (TEM < 0.5 cm, rTEM < 0.84%, and R ≥ 0.98). These results suggest that both height and cranial dimensions a are sufficiently precise for anthropometric research applications. Conclusion: If one of the parameter is known the other can be known by applying the regression equations and this is of paramount importance to the forensic and anthropology sciences.

Comparative Study of Height, Weight and Chest Circumference among Children of Municipal Corporation School and Private School.

Aim: The present study was carried out to find out growth pattern in school children from different socio economic background. Study design: Cross sectional, school based study. Setting: Mukul Mandir and Pragati School in N – 7 CIDCO Aurangabad. Study variables: Age, Sex, Weight, Height and Chest circumference. Statistical analysis: Standard deviation, mean, unpaired “t” test. Result and conclusions: Height, weight and chest circumference of municipal school children are having less value as compared to height, weight and chest circumference of private school children.

Estimation of stature from measurements of long bones, hand and foot dimensions.

Estimation of stature holds a special place in the field of Forensic anthropometry. The present study is an attempt to evaluate a possible correlation between stature of an individual & six parameters; hand-length, hand-width, foot-length, foot-width, forearm length & knee-to-ankle length individually in a local population of Mumbai. A sample of 300 medical students; 147 male & 153 female studying in Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals was considered & measurements were taken for each of the parameters. It was found that all the six parameters showed a correlation with stature but at different degrees (significance calculated through the paired t-test). Forearm-length showed the highest degree of correlation (r = 0.6558) followed by foot-length (r = 0.6102). Knee-to-ankle length showed the lowest degree of correlation (r = 0.2086). Mathematical formulae for estimating stature were developed for each of these parameters through basic linear regression. It can be concluded that the present study has provided regression equations for six different parameters that can be used for stature estimation in the population of Mumbai. These equations should not be used for other Indian population groups.

Correlation between maximum femoral length and epicondylar breadth and its application in stature estimation: A population specific study in Indian Bengali Males.

Stature is an important data for identification. Stature of an individual can be estimated from measurement of long bones with the help of established formulae. This method is in practice since 1899. Estimation of stature from bones has anthropological and forensic importance. Changes in the pattern of crime and steady increase in the number of homicides have made these works important and valuable for the administration of law. Excavation of graves, mass casualties and cases where grossly mutilated skeletal remains are found, become difficult and challenging for both the forensic pathologist and physical anthropologist. In India, exposed and unidentified dead bodes are often mutilated by wild animals gnawing the skeletal remains. Bone fragments, often with ends destroyed, are brought for forensic examination. Further, those formulae for long bones are population specific, and also depend on the condition of the available bones. The present study makes an attempt to establish the correlation between epicondylar breadth and maximum femoral length and subsequently its application in stature estimation in Indian Bengali population.

Estimation of Stature by anthropometric measurements of Inter-Acromial Length.

Stature is an important parameter to establish identity of an unknown corpse. It is being used by medicolegal experts when either complete or parts of human body are recovered. A lot of criteria are available that can be used depending upon the part of the body recovered. To add to these criteria, a study was done with the objective of deriving a regression equation for estimating stature from the inter-acromial length. A cross-sectional study was done during one year period wherein 150 subjects in age group around 23 years were studied. Three sets of regression equations were derived after statistical analysis of the data. The study revealed that there exist a positive and significant correlation between stature and inter-acromial length in both the sexes and that stature can be estimated with the inter-acromial length when only upper parts of the trunk are available.

Estimation of stature by anthropometric examination of forearm and hand.

As the incidences of crime are going on increasing, the matter of identification of an individual is becoming prime importance now days. Estimation of stature forms important criteria for establishing individuality of the person and require special attention in cases when bodies are found in mutilated state and only fragment are discovered. The mutilation of dead body is done intentionally by criminals who wants to destroy all traces of identity and thus facilitates the disposal of the dead. In a country like India, animals and vultures may attack a dead body and mutilate in a very short time when exposed in open field. 200 young and healthy male medical students aged between 18 to 25 years having no disease or deformity were examined anthropometrically in respect to their height and length of right forearm and hand. The stature varied from 149.13 cm to 177.33 cm with mean value 164.97 cm and the standard deviation 5.52 cm. On the other hand mean length of the forearm and hand was found to be 45.47 cm and the multiplication factor is calculated as 3.899 cm.

Infants' growth charts in Jahrom, Iran

This study was performed to provide the curves of weight and height of 0-2 year-old children in Jahrom, Southeastern Iran. In a prospective study, 597 children born in Jahrom entered our study from April 2001 to December 2002. The height and weight of these children were recorded 18 times from one month to two years of age. Healy-Rasbash-Yang [HRY] method was used to estimate age related smoothed centiles. This method was implemented for the World Health Organisation as GROSTAT computer package. The mean weight of male newborns, except for one-month olds, was more than that of females. Before two months of age and among 2-year-olds, there was no significant difference between the weight of males and females. The mean height of male newborns, except for one month of age, was more than that of females. No more than cubic polynomials were needed to smoothly fit height for age and weight for age of children. The height of male and female children showed an increase by age up to two years. The weight of male and female children also increased by age but the speed of increase to six months was more than that of six months to two years of age. Our findings show that height and weight of children under two years of age in Jahrom were lower than those of National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS]. It is therefore deemed necessary to provide and establish a corresponding standard curve for this region. According to the NCHS measurements, some children may be considered thinner or shorter for no obvious reason

Estimation of stature from hand length.

The present study comprised of a sample of 150 healthy individuals (75 males and 75 females) studying in various colleges of Delhi. All the individuals were measured for height and hand length. The data thus obtained have been subjected to statistical computation for deriving the regression equations. Bilateral asymmetry in hand measurements were statistically insignificant. Regression equations were derived for right and left hand separately by which living stature may be fairly accurately estimated when a fragmentary or mutilated portion of upper extremity is recovered. Using the regression formula derived in this study, stature can be estimated within the error of +4.0 to 4.6cm from hand length.