Selected infectious disease disasters for nursing staff training at Egyptian eastern border

Infectious disease disasters are events that involve a biological agent, disease and that result in mass casualties, such as a bioterrorism attack, an emerging outbreak of infectious disease; all disasters pose a risk of infection transmission. But, infectious disease disasters pose the great-risk to illness or death from an infectious disease. This study raised the awareness and improved knowledge by educational program for Military Nursing Staff on selected infectious disease disasters acquired at Egyptian Eastern Border. The selected arthropodborne diseases were Anthrax, Tick borne relapsing, Louse borne replasing fever and liver fluke; Clonorchis sinensis. An interventional study was used, for 125 staff nurse who accepted to participate. The tools dealt with four questionnaires: [1] Some socio-demographic characteristics data [2] Educational needs assessment a structured questionnaire. [3] Knowledge test [pre/ post-test] and [4] Participants' reactions questionnaire. The results showed that educational intervention significantly improvements the nursing staff knowledge, which were achieved at the immediate post intervention phase, and retained via three months post-test phase. In the service training programs about infectious disease disasters at Egyptian Eastern Border must be established and continued on regular basis. This would improve their knowledge about the epidemiology of these infectious disease disasters

Amplification of the flgE gene provides evidence for the existence of a Brazilian borreliosis / Amplificação do gene flgE fornece evidência para a existência de uma borreliose brasileira

INTRODUCTION: The symptoms of Brazilian borreliosis resemble the clinical manifestations of Lyme disease (LD). However, there are differences between the two in terms of epidemiological and laboratory findings. Primers usually employed to diagnose LD have failed to detect Borrelia strains in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the Brazilian Borrelia using a conserved gene that synthesizes the flagellar hook (flgE) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. METHOD: Three patients presenting with erythema migrans and positive epidemiological histories were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected, and the DNA was extracted by commercial kits. RESULTS: The gene flgE was amplified from DNA of all selected patients. Upon sequencing, these positive samples revealed 99% homology to B. burgdorferi flgE. CONCLUSION: These results support the existence of borreliosis in Brazil. However, it is unclear whether this borreliosis is caused by a genetically modified B. burgdorferi sensu stricto or by a new species of Borrelia spp.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os sintomas da borreliose brasileira se assemelham às manifestações clínicas da Doença de Lyme (DL), porém, existem diferenças epidemiológicas e laboratoriais entre essas enfermidades. Primers normalmente utilizados para diagnosticar a DL não conseguiram detectar cepas de borrelia no Brasil. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar a borrelia brasileira usando um gene conservado que sintetiza o gancho flagelar (flgE) da Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. MÉTODO: Três pacientes com eritema migratório e epidemiologia positiva foram recrutados para o estudo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas, e o DNA foi extraído por kits comerciais. RESULTADOS: O gene flgE foi amplificado a partir do DNA de todos os pacientes selecionados. Após o sequenciamento, essas amostras positivas revelaram homologia de 99% para B. burgdorferi. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados reforçam a existência de borreliose no Brasil. No entanto, não está claro se esta borreliose é causada por uma variante geneticamente modificada da B. burgdorferi sensu stricto ou por uma nova espécie de Borrelia spp.