Epidemiological Profile of Surgically-Treated Peripheral-Nerve Diseases

Objective To outline the epidemiological profile of surgical patients treated at the peripheral-nerve outpatient clinic of a public hospital in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, from 2008 (the year this service was implemented in the hospital ) to 2016. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study with data collection from the medical records. A descriptive analysis was performed with the qualitative variables presented as relative and absolute frequencies, and the quantitative variables, as means and standard deviations. The studied variables were gender, age, diagnosis, and surgical techniques. Results In total, 506 medical records were analyzed. Of these, 269 were of male patients (53%), and 238 were of female patients (46%). The age of the sample ranged from 5 to 84 years (41 14 years). The most prevalent diagnoses were: carpal tunnel syndrome (38.9%) followed by traumatic brachial plexus injury (33.2%). The first diagnosis was more frequent among women, while the second, among men. This collaborates with the predominant findings of upper-limb lesions (91%), in which men accounted for 52,75% (244) and women, for 47,25% (217). Conclusion The present study provided relevant information regarding the reality of peripheral-nerve surgeries performed at a public hospital in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Public health issues increasingly require the continuity of public policies and government incentive.

High prevalence of neuropathic pain in the hand of patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury: a cross-sectional study / Alta prevalência de dor neuropática em sujeitos com lesão traumática do plexo braquial: um estudo de corte transversal

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the pain profile of patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury. Methods We enrolled 65 patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury. The Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire was used to classify pain and the SF-36 was used to evaluate quality of life. Results The patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury were predominantly young male victims of motorcycle accidents. Pain was present in 75.4% of the individuals and 79% presented with neuropathic pain, mostly located in the hands (30.41%). The use of auxiliary devices (p = 0.05) and marital status (p = 0.03) were both independent predictors of pain. Pain also impacted negatively on the quality of life (p = 0.001). Conclusions Pain is frequent in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury. Despite the peripheral nervous system injury, nociceptive pain is not unusual. Pain evaluation, including validated instruments, is essential to guide optimal clinical management of patients with the condition.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil de dor de sujeitos com lesão traumática do plexo braquial. Métodos Nós incluímos 65 indivíduos com lesão traumática do plexo braquial. O Douleur Neuropathique 4 foi usado para classificar a dor e o SF-36 foi usado para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Resultados Sujeitos com lesão traumática do plexo braquial eram em sua maioria homens jovens, vítimas de acidentes motociclísticos. A dor esteve presete em 75.4% dos indivíduos e 79% deles apresentaram dor neuropática, mais frequentemente localizada nas mãos (30.41%). O uso de dispositivos auxiliares (p = 0.05) e o estado civil foram, ambos, preditores independentes de dor. A dor ainda impactou negativamente da qualidade de vida (p = 0.001). Conclusões A dor é frequente em sujeitos com lesão traumática do plexo braquial. Apesar de envolver uma lesão do sistema nervoso a dor nociceptiva não é infrequente. A avaliação da dor, incluindo instrumentos validados, é essencial para direcionar as condutas clínicas de sujeitos com esta condição.

A Five-year retrospective review of infants with Erb-Duchenne's palsy at a teaching Hospital in North Trinidad / Revisión retrospectiva quinquenal de infantes con la parálisis de Erb Duchenne en un Hospital docente en el Norte De Trinidad

Birth injuries are devastating to parents and carers alike. They carry the possibility of residual loss of function to the infant and thus the potential for litigation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of Erb-Duchenne's palsy and the identification of any contributing factors. A retrospective review over a five-year period, 2005-2009, was performed and an incidence of 0.94 per 1000 live births was noted. An association between both macrosomia and shoulder dystocia and the development of Erb-Duchenne palsy in the newborn was noted. The authors recommended the use of partograms and improved note documentation in the management of labour.

Las lesiones de nacimiento resultan devastadoras tanto para los padres como para los cuidadores. Ellos conllevan la posibilidad de pérdida residual de función para el infante y por ende la potencialidad de litigios. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia de la parálisis de Erb Duchenne y la identificación de cualquiera de los factores contribuyentes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión retrospectiva por un periodo de cinco años, 2005-2009, y se observó una incidencia de 0.94 por 1000 nacimientos vivos. Se observó una asociación entre macrosomía y distocia del hombro, por una parte, y el desarrollo de la parálisis de Erb Duchenne, por otra parte, en el recién nacido. Los autores recomendaron usar partogramas y mejorar la documentación de las notas clínicas durante el trabajo de parto.

study on the risk factors for obstetrical brachial plexus palsy

Considerable medical and legal debates have surrounded the prognosis and outcome of obstertrical brachial plexus injuries and obstetricians are often considered responsible for the injury. In this study, we assessed the factors related to the outcome of brachial plexus palsy. During 24 months, 21 neonates with obstetrical brachial plexus injuries were enrolled. Electrophysiology studies were done at the age of three weeks. They received physiotherapy and occupational therapy. They were examined ever 3 months for one year and limbs function was assessed according to Mallet scores; also, maternal and neonatal factors were collected by a questionnaire. There were 10 boys and 11 girls. Of all, 76.2% had Erb's palsy, 19% had total brachial palsy and 4.8% had klumpke paralysis. Risk factors including primiparity, high birth weight, shoulder dystocia, and prolonged second stage of labor were assessed. Electrophysiology studies showed neuropraxia in 52.4% and axonal injuries in 42.9% of the patients. At the end of the first year, 81% of the patients had functioned recovery around grade III or IV of Mallet scores. There were only significant relationships between functional improvement and neurophysiologic findings. Outcome of obstetrical brachial injuries has a close relationship to neurophysiologic study results than other risk factors

Estudo epidemiológico das lesões traumáticas de plexo braquial em adultos / Epidemiological study of the traumatic brachial plexus injuries in adults

OBJETIVO: Determinar informações epidemiológicas sobre as variáveis relacionadas ao trauma de plexo braquial em adultos. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 35 pacientes, de maneira prospectiva, atendidos consecutivamente no período de um ano. RESULTADOS: A maioria das lesões apresentou localização supraclavicular (62 por cento), sendo 21 lesões por mecanismo de tração (60 por cento), nove por projétil de arma de fogo (25 por cento), três por compressão (8,5 por cento) e dois ferimentos cortantes (5,7 por cento). Acidentes motociclísticos responderam por 54 por cento das causas do trauma. A TC-mielografia identificou avulsão radicular em 16 casos (76 por cento). Melhora neurológica parcial espontânea foi observada em 43 por cento dos pacientes. Dor neuropática foi observada em 25 casos (71 por cento) sendo que em 16 (64 por cento) pôde ser controlada com medicações orais. CONCLUSÃO: Os traumas de plexo braquial são mais freqüentemente associados aos mecanismos de tração, sendo comum identificação de avulsão radicular. Em geral produzem dor no membro afetado e estão associados a lesões em outros órgãos. Na presente série, a incidência calculada para a população de abrangência foi 1,75/100000/ano.

Nerve injuries due to obstetric trauma.

The incidence of nerve injuries among 32,637 deliveries over a period of ten years was 1.81/1000. Brachial plexus injury (1/1000) and facial nerve injury (0.74/1000) accounted for 98% of nerve injuries. Both the right and left side were involved equally. Bilateral nerve injury was not seen. Lack of antenatal care, macrosomia, abnormal presentations, and operative vaginal deliveries significantly increased the risk of nerve injuries. These babies had significantly higher incidence of meconium stained liquor and intrapartum asphyxia. Parity of the mother, gestational age and sex of the baby did not have significant role in the causation of nerve injuries. Injuries to brachial plexus and facial nerve were seen even in babies born by caesarean section, when it was performed for obstructed labour caused by cephalo-pelvic disproportion and abnormal presentations. Three babies with injuries expired and forty-three could be followed up for varying periods. None of the babies had residual defects. Detection of cephalopelvic disproportion and abnormal lie in the third trimester and their appropriate management would decrease the incidence of obstetric palsies to a significant extent.