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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(5): 461-466, set.-out. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495909

ABSTRACT

Nesta revisão, introduzimos abordagens investigativas, assim como discutimos os principais achados de expressão gênica diferencial em tecido epiléptico humano e em modelos experimentais. As alterações observadas no cérebro de indivíduos epilépticos sugerem que eventos moleculares específicos refletem diferentes expressões do quadro fisiopatológico. É possível que diferentes combinações da expressão de genes associados à morte celular, metabolismo de radicais livres, transmissão sináptica, resposta imune e de neurotrofinas reflitam propriedades características de diferentes populações neuronais e gliais, que determinam as distintas respostas de cada área cerebral. A compreensão dessas particularidades moleculares será muito importante para o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de intervenção visando reduzir neurotoxicidade e disfunções sinápticas que ocorrem durante a epileptogênese e a fase crônica em pacientes epilépticos.


We introduce some investigative appnacher and findings on differential gene expression in human epileptic time as well as in animal models of epilepsy. Molecular alterations observed in the epileptic brain suggest that they may disclose different psychopathological stages. It is possible that different gene expression combinations involved in cell death, reactive oxygen metabolism, synaptic transmission and immune response and of neurotrophins reflect distinct functional properties of different neuronal and glial populations, which determine specific brain region responses. Understanding the molecular patterns of gene expression following epileptogenic insults will be of great importance for the development of treatments aiming to reduce neurotoxicity and subtle synaptic dyfunctions present in the early stages as well as during the chronic phase of epilepsy.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Brain Chemistry/genetics , Epilepsy/genetics , Gene Expression/genetics , Disease Models, Animal
2.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 17(2): 343-352, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467859

ABSTRACT

Analisamos os argumentos utilizados, em dois momentos diferentes do século XX, para justificar o recurso a explicações biológicas de condutas consideradas como socialmente indesejadas. Referimo-nos, inicialmente, aos estudos realizados pelos higienistas de início do século, cujas explicações estavam centradas no caráter orgânico e inato dos desvios, para continuar logo com os recentes estudos da neurociência que se propõem a localizar as condutas nas sinapses inadequadas e nas explicações referidas a deficiências químicas do cérebro.


The article analyzes the arguments used in two distinct moments of the 20th century, to justify the use of biological explanations for conducts considered as socially undesirable. Firstly we refer to studies of hygienists in the early century, whose explanation were centered on the organic and innate character of deviations, then we analyze the recent studies in the neurosciences which try to locate these conducts in inadequate synapses and in explanations related to chemical cerebral deficiencies.


Subject(s)
Genetic Determinism , Inheritance Patterns/ethics , Inheritance Patterns/physiology , Inheritance Patterns/genetics , Brain Chemistry/physiology , Brain Chemistry/genetics , Alcoholism/genetics , Alcoholism/pathology , Depression/genetics , Depression/pathology , Biological Factors/adverse effects , Psychiatry/ethics , Psychiatry/trends , Behavioral Symptoms/genetics , Behavioral Symptoms/pathology , Sociobiology/ethics , Sociobiology/trends , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/pathology
3.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 2(3): 288-294, Sept. 2003.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417601

ABSTRACT

We have identified a new mutant mouse that we have named new mouse neurological mutant 3 (NM3); it may be a useful model to understand the underlying molecular and genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A mouse carrying the NM3 mutation arose spontaneously in an RIIIS/J breeding colony and was identified as having a movement disorder. Upon neurological examination of these mice, their movement was found to be slow and abnormal, with characteristic choreaform and bradykinetic-type movements, typical of PD. The importance of the gene mutation in NM3 in the molecular pathway involved in this pathology is underscored by the fact that these mice do not survive past weaning age if they are homozygous for the genetic mutation. We localized the gene mutation by positional cloning and genetic mapping to mouse chromosome 2 in an area that corresponds to human chromosome 2q24-31, which does not contain any known genes associated with PD. However, there was a significant decrease of 15-20 in the levels of dopamine, and its principal metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, in the midbrain of affected mice. Low concentrations of these substances are associated with PD in human patients, making these mutant mice candidates for studies of this disease


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice, Neurologic Mutants/genetics , Disease Models, Animal , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Brain Chemistry/genetics , 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid , Chromosome Mapping , Dopamine/analysis , Mice
4.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 51(6): 397-404, nov.-dez. 2002. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-330718

ABSTRACT

O suicídio figura entre as principais causas de morte nos países industrializados e, a despeito de tentativas de prevenção, suas taxas são crescentes, o que tem estimulado as pesquisas na biologia do suicídio, com o objetivo de auxiliar o clínico na identificação do suicida em potencial. Existem hoje muitas evidências oriundas de estudos com diferentes metodologias (estudos postðmortem, estudos de concentrações liquóricas de 5ðHIAA, estudos neuroendocrinológicos) mostrando que anormalidades no sistema serotoninérgico estariam associadas ao comportamento suicida. Hoje, o foco principal das pesquisas, após as evidências dos estudos de epidemiologia genética de que o suicídio seria, pelo menos parcialmente, geneticamente determinado, são os estudos de genética molecular. Esta abordagem, apesar de estar ainda em fase inicial e de ter resultados às vêzes inconsistentes, é promissora, e seus resultados sugerem que, pelo menos em parte, fatores genéticos influenciam o comportamento suicida através do sistema serotoninérgico. As pesquisas devem continuar, principalmente focando a associação de características psicopatológicas básicas, potencialmente associadas ao comportamento suicida, como a impulsividade, e sua associação com genes ligados à função serotoninérgica, assim como estudos postðmortem que podem examinar a expressão gênica e suas proteínas


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrum/physiopathology , Cerebrum/metabolism , Depression/physiopathology , Depression/genetics , Depression/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Brain Chemistry/genetics , Receptors, Serotonin , Serotonin , Suicide , Tryptophan Hydroxylase , Neurobiology
5.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2001; 7 (3): 363-366
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-157939

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the relation between genes at the molecular level and the brain at the organ level, and biological, social and environmental factors. The malleability of the brain and the effect of external factors and experience on influencing gene expression and brain structure and function are discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Biological Psychiatry , Brain Chemistry/genetics , Depressive Disorder/genetics , Gene Expression/genetics , Mental Disorders/genetics , Mother-Child Relations , Neurobiology , Risk Factors , Social Environment
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