Effect of Morus alba extract sanggenon C on growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells / 中国中药杂志

Glioblastoma is the most common primary cranial malignancy, and chemotherapy remains an important tool for its treatment. Sanggenon C(San C), a class of natural flavonoids extracted from Morus plants, is a potential antitumor herbal monomer. In this study, the effect of San C on the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and 5-bromodeoxyuridinc(BrdU) labeling assay. The effect of San C on the tumor cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and the effect of San C on clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells was examined by soft agar assay. Western blot and bioinformatics analysis were used to investigate the mechanism of the antitumor activity of San C. In the presence of San C, the MTT assay showed that San C significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. BrdU labeling assay showed that San C significantly attenuated the DNA replication activity in the nucleus of tumor cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that San C blocked the cell cycle of tumor cells in G_0/G_1 phase. The soft agar clone formation assay revealed that San C significantly attenuated the clone formation and self-renewal ability of tumor cells. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) implied that San C inhibited the tumor cell division cycle by affecting the myelocytomatosis viral oncogene(MYC) signaling pathway. Western blot assay revealed that San C inhibited the expression of cyclin through the regulation of the MYC signaling pathway by lysine demethylase 4B(KDM4B), which ultimately inhibited the growth and proliferation of glioblastoma cells and self-renewal. In conclusion, San C exhibits the potential antitumor activity by targeting the KDM4B-MYC axis to inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, proliferation, and self-renewal.

Recolonization of Mutans Streptococci after Application of Chlorhexidine Gel

Streptococcus mutans is specifically suppressed by intensive treatment with chlorhexidine gel, but the time for recolonization and the effect on other oral bacteria are not totally clear. In this study, recolonization of mutans streptococci was evaluated in nine healthy adult volunteers, who were highly colonized with this microorganism. Stimulated saliva was collected before (baseline) and at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application of 1% chlorhexidine gel on volunteers' teeth for two consecutive days. On each day, the gel was applied using disposable trays for 3 x 5 min with intervals of 5 min between each application. Saliva was plated on blood agar to determine total microorganisms (TM); on mitis salivarius agar to determine total streptococci (TS) and on mitis salivarius agar plus bacitracin to determine mutans streptococci (MS). Chlorhexidine was capable of reducing the counts of MS and the proportion of MS with regard to total microorganisms (%MS/TM) (p<0.05), but these values did not differ statistically from baseline (p>0.05) after 14 days for MS and 21 days for %MS/TM. The counts of TM and TS and the proportion of MS to total streptococci did not differ statistically from baseline (p>0.05) after chlorhexidine treatment. The results suggest that the effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment on suppression of mutans streptococci is limited to less than a month in highly colonized individuals.

Streptococcus mutans é especificamente suprimido pelo tratamento intensivo com clorexidina em gel, mas o tempo de recolonização e o efeito em outras bactérias orais não está totalmente claro. Nesse estudo, a recolonização de estreptococos do grupo mutans foi avaliado em nove voluntários adultos saudáveis, os quais eram altamente colonizados por esse microrganismo. Saliva estimulada foi coletada antes (baseline) e 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação de clorexidina em gel a 1% nos dentes dos voluntários por dois dias consecutivos. Em cada dia, o gel foi aplicado utilizando moldeiras descartáveis por 3 x 5 min com intervalos de 5 min entre cada aplicação. A saliva foi inoculada em ágar sangue para determinação dos microrganismos totais (MT); em mitis salivarius ágar para determinação dos estreptococos totais (ET) e em meio mitis salivarius com bacitracina para determinar a contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM). O tratamento com clorexidina foi capaz de reduzir as contagens de EGM e a proporção de EGM em relação aos microrganismos totais (%EGM/MT) (p<0,05), mas esses valores não diferiram estatisticamente do baseline (p>0,05) após 14 dias para EGM e 21 dias para %EGM/MT. As contagens de MT e ET e a proporção de EGM em relação a estreptococos totais não difereriram estatisticamente do baseline (p>0,05) após o tratamento com clorexidina. Os resultados sugerem que o efeito do tratamento com clorexidina em gel na supressão de estreptococos do grupo mutans é limitado a menos de um mês em indivíduos altamente colonizados. .

Predictive factors of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents / Fatores preditivos do uso de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes / Factores predictivos del uso de alcohol y tabaco en los adolescentes

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency on alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents. METHOD: a descriptive and correlational study was undertaken with 575 adolescents in 2010. The Self-Esteem Scale, the Situational Confidence Scale, the Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Resiliency Scale were used. RESULTS: the adjustment of the logistic regression model, considering age, sex, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency, demonstrates significance in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Age, resiliency and assertiveness predict alcohol consumption in the lifetime and assertiveness predicts alcohol consumption in the last year. Similarly, age and sex predict tobacco consumption in the lifetime and age in the last year. CONCLUSION: this study can offer important information to plan nursing interventions involving adolescent alcohol and tobacco users. .

OBJETIVOS: analisar o efeito da autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência sobre o consumo de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo correlacional com 575 adolescentes, realizado no ano 2010. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Autoestima, o Questionário de Confiança Situacional, o Questionário de Assertividade e a Escala de Resiliência. RESULTADOS: o ajuste do modelo de regressão logística, considerando a idade, sexo, autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência foi significante em relação ao consumo de álcool e tabaco. A idade, resiliência e assertividade foram preditores do consumo de álcool em algum momento na vida e a idade e a assertividade foram preditores no último ano. Para o consumo de tabaco, a idade e o sexo foram preditores em algum momento na vida e a idade no último ano. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo pode proporcionar informações importantes para o planejamento de intervenções de enfermagem em adolescentes usuários de álcool e tabaco .

OBJETIVOS: analizar el efecto de la autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia sobre el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes. MÉTODO: descritivo correlacional con 575 adolescentes, en 2010. Se utilizaron la Escala de Autoestima, el Cuestionario de Confianza Situacional, el Cuestionario de Asertividad y la Escala de Resiliencia. RESULTADOS: el ajuste del modelo de regresión logística, considerando la edad, sexo, autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia, muestra significancia en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La edad, resiliencia y asertividad predicen el consumo de alcohol alguna vez en la vida y la edad y asertividad en el último año. De la misma forma la edad y sexo predicen el consumo de tabaco alguna vez en la vida y la edad en el último año. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio puede proporcionar información importante para la planificación de intervenciones en enfermería de los adolecentes usuarios de alcohol y tabaco. .

Expresión del gen PRL-1, en células de melanoma murino B-16, inducidas a supresión del crecimiento con el sensibilizador a la radiación ultravioleta: bromodeoxiuridina / Expression of the PRL-1 gene in B-16 murine melanoma cells induce to growth suppression in the ultraviolet radiation sensitizer bromodeoxiuridin

El cáncer es una enfermedad del genoma, en el cual múltiples aberraciones genéticas conducen a la activación de oncogenes y a la inactivación de genes supresores tumorales, promoviendo un desequilibrio en el control de la proliferación, diferenciación y muertecelular. Las células tumorales pueden ser inducidas a un crecimiento controlado y a diferenciación terminal in vitro por tratamiento farmacológico que conduce a la restauración parcial del fenotipo celular normal. Sin embargo, el uso de inductores farmacológicos de diferenciarón, supresión del crecimiento y muerte celular como el ácido retinoíco, vitamina D, L-tirosina y bromodeoxiuridina, es limitado debido a que no se conocen los mecanismos moleculares y sus blancos de acción. La Bromodeoxiuridina, es un análogo de la timina, sensibilizador a la radiación ultravioleta e inductor de la supresión del crecimiento. Sin embargo, las bases moleculares de estas acciones no se conocen muy bien. La identificación de genes blancos moleculares (como cinasas y fosfatasas) de la Bromodeoxiuridina (BrdU) y su papel en el control de la proliferación celular y la radiosensibilización, conduciría al entendimiento y desarrollo de potenciales agentes terapéuticos para el control de la proliferación en células tumorales, como tratamiento alternativo a la quimioterapia y radioterapia convencionales, las cuales son altamente agresivas no sólo para las células tumorales, sino también para las células normales en proliferación. Los genes que codifican para proteínas fosfatasas se han implicado en la tumorigénesis. Recientemente en el laboratorio de fisiología molecular del INS se clonó y se secuenció el cADN que codifica para la tirosina fosfatasa PRL-1. Sin embargo, no se sabe si sus niveles de expresión cambian en células de melanoma proliferantes e inducidas a supresión del crecimiento y diferenciación celular. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el nivel de expresión de ARN del gen que codifica para la tirosina-fosfatasa PRL-1, en células de melanoma murino B-16 inducidas a supresión del crecimiento y diferenciación celular. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el nivel de expresión del ARN del gen que codifica para la tirosina-fosfatasa PRL-1, en células de melanoma murino B-16 inducidas a supresión del crecimiento por el tratamiento con Bromodeoxiuridina, radiación ultravioleta tipo C y sensibilización...

Optimizing radiation therapy of brain tumours by combination of 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine & 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The effects of 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on 60Co-gamma ray induced damage were studied in a human glioma cell line grown as monolayer. Radiation induced micronuclei formation was used as an index of cytogenetic damage. Exponentially growing cells (doubling time 16-20 h) were incubated in the presence of BrdU (0.8 microM, in dark) for 24 h. After removing BrdU, cells were irradiated (1-4 Gy), incubated with or without 2-DG (2-3 h), and grown further (for 18, 24, 30 or 45 h) for assay of damage. It was observed that (i) BrdU and 2-DG treatments did not induce micronuclei formation in unirradiated cultures; (ii) pre-irradiation presence of BrdU increased the gamma-ray induced micronuclei formation; (iii) incubation of irradiated cells under sub-optimal growth conditions [Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium (DMEM) + 1% serum, or DMEM alone] instead of growth medium (DMEM + 5% serum) progressively decreased micronuclei formation; and (iv) post-irradiation presence of 2-DG (1.25, 2.5, 5 mM, 2-3 h in DMEM + 1% serum) enhanced the radiation damage with and without BrdU treatment at all the time points studied. These observations suggest that (i) radiation induced lesions leading to micronuclei formation in proliferating cells are, at least, partly repairable; (ii) the presence of 2-DG (2DG/glucose > or = 0.25) for short intervals (approximately 2 h), could enhance radiation damage in proliferating brain tumour cells, in the absence as well as presence of BrdU incorporation; and (iii) the combination of 2-DG could reduce BrdU doses required for radiosensitization of brain tumours, reducing, thereby, its toxic side effects.