Prevalência e características relacionadas de pacientes com eletrocardiograma com padrão de brugada em Santa Catarina, Brasil / Prevalence and related characteristics of patients with brugada pattern electrocardiogram in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome de Brugada é um distúrbio arritmogênico hereditário caracterizado pela presença de características eletrocardiográficas específicas com ou sem sintomas. Os pacientes apresentam risco aumentado de morte súbita por fibrilação ventricular. A prevalência desse padrão eletrocardiográfico difere de acordo com a região estudada. Porém, informações epidemiológicas, incluindo a população brasileira, são escassas. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do padrão eletrocardiográfico da síndrome de Brugada e o perfil epidemiológico associado a ela. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 846.533 registros ECG de 716.973 pacientes do banco de dados de eletrocardiograma (ECG) da Rede de Telemedicina de Santa Catarina por um período de quatro anos. Todos os exames foram ECG de 12 derivações convencionais (sem V1 e V2 em posições altas). Os exames identificados com o diagnóstico de "Síndrome de Brugada" (tipos 1 e 2) foram revisados por um eletrofisiologista. Foram considerados significativos valores de p<0,05. Resultados: Apresentavam padrão potencialmente consistente com ECG do tipo Brugada 83 pacientes. Destes, 33 foram confirmados com padrão de Brugada tipo 1, e 22 com tipo 2, após reavaliação. A prevalência de ECG do tipo 1 de Brugada foi de 4,6 por 100.000 pacientes. O ECG do tipo Brugada 1 foi associado ao sexo masculino (81,8% vs. 41,5%, p<0,001) e menor prevalência de obesidade (9,1% vs. 26,4%, p=0,028). Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou baixa prevalência de ECG do tipo Brugada no sul do Brasil. A presença de ECG com padrão Brugada tipo 1 esteve associada ao sexo masculino e menor prevalência de obesidade que a população geral.

Abstract Background: Brugada Syndrome is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by the presence of specific electrocardiographic features with or without clinical symptoms. The patients present increased risk of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. The prevalence of this electrocardiographic pattern differs according to the studied region. However, epidemiological information including the Brazilian population is scarce. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada syndrome and the epidemiological profile associated with it. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 846,533 ECG records of 716,973 patients from the electrocardiogram (ECG) database from the Santa Catarina Telemedicine Network over a 4-year period. All tests were 12-lead conventional ECG (without V1 and V2 in high positions). The tests revealing "Brugada Syndrome" diagnosis (Types 1 and 2) were reviewed by a cardiac electrophysiologist. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: In total, 83 patients had a pattern potentially consistent with Brugada-type pattern ECG. Of these, 33 were confirmed having Brugada-type 1, and 22 with type 2 ECG after reevaluation. The prevalence of Brugada-type 1 ECG was 4.6 per 100,000 patients. Brugada-type 1 ECG was associated with the male gender (81.8% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001) and a lower prevalence of obesity diagnosis (9.1% vs. 26.4%, p=0.028). Conclusions: This study showed low prevalence of Brugada-type ECG in Southern Brazil. The presence of Brugada-type 1 ECG was associated with the male gender and lower prevalence of obesity diagnosis comparing to the general population.

Síndrome de Brugada como causa de muerte súbita de origen cardíaco / Brugada syndrome as a cause of sudden cardiac death

ResumenMuerte súbita se define como un evento fatal e inesperado que ocurre en un individuo aparentemente sano. Una de las principales causas son las de origen cardiovascular, entre las cuales se encuentran las anormalidades electrofisiológicas primarias como lo es el síndrome de Brugada. Este se define como una canalopatía que afecta canales de sodio, producto de una variante genética, principalmente de herencia autosómica dominante.Se ha determinado que la mutación del gen SCN5A es la más asociada con el síndrome. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante historia clínica y patrones electrocardiográficos específicos y generalmente se presenta como síncope o como muerte súbita resucitada debida a taquicardia ventricular polimórfica o fibrilación ventricular. El desfibrilador automático implantable es la principal herramienta para la prevención de muerte súbita, sin embargo, previo a su uso debe hacerse una adecuada estratificación de los pacientes, tanto para prevenir muerte súbita, como para evitar el uso innecesario del dispositivo.

AbstractSudden death is defined as an unexpected fatal event occurring in an apparently healthy subject. Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause, among which are primary electrical abnormalities such as Brugada Syndrome. Brugada Syndrome is an autosomal dominant channelopathy affecting the sodium channel. SCN5A has emerged as the most common gene associated with Brugada syndrome. The diagnosis is suggested by the clinical history in a patient with specific electrocardiographic pattern. The most typical presentation is syncope or resuscitated sudden death due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the main tool for preventing sudden death, and correct risk stratification in these patients is important both to prevent sudden death and to avoid unnecessary implantable cardioverter defibrillator use.

Brugada syndrome and its relevance in the perioperative period.

Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias.The defective cardiac sodium channels result in usual electrocardiographic findings of a coved-type ST elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3. The majority of patients have uncomplicated courses with anesthesia, surgery, and invasive procedures. However there is risk of worsening ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias due to perioperative medications, surgical insult, electrolyte abnormalities, fever, autonomic nervous system tone, as well as other perturbations. Given the increasing numbers of patients with inherited conduction disorders presenting for non-cardiac surgery that are at risk of sudden cardiac death, safe anesthetic management depends upon a detailed knowledge of these conditions.