Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bruxism in a Selected Population of Iranian Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bruxism in Iranian children aged 6 to 12 years. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: the first section included demographic information, while the second evaluated the occurrence of bruxism. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, Fisher and Multinomial logistic regression were used. A level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 698 questionnaires were distributed, of which 600 participants were returned. According to Multinomial logistic regression, awake bruxism was associated significantly with the following variables: age, sequence of birth, recurrent headache, gastrointestinal disease, nasal obstruction, neurological disorder, easy child crying, sleep disorders, talking in a dream and snoring and jaw disorder. Sleep bruxism was associated significantly with age, premature birth, allergy, gastrointestinal disease, drooling, mouth breathing, nasal obstruction, oral habit, nail biting, sleep disorder, jaw disorders, and family history. Conclusion: Pre-birth and post-birth factors play an important role in the prevalence of bruxism in society. It is possible to prevent complications of bruxism by informing parents and making a timely diagnosis. Parents should be aware of this occurrence to reduce possible related factors to teeth and the masticatory system.

Prevalence of bruxism among college students: what are the associated factors? A cross-sectional study

Evaluate the prevalence of bruxism and to analyze what are the possible associated factors with this condition in students of a Brazilian university. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 230 students randomly selected among undergraduate courses at a university center. The dependent variable was the presence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, oral habits and stress perception (Perceived Stress Scale- PSS 14). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used. Results: The prevalence of awake bruxism was 28.7% and was associated with the independent variables: course (degree program), gum chewing habits, chin hand placing, facedown sleeping and one-side biting. Sleep bruxism had a 7.0% prevalence and displayed association with gum chewing, pens/pencils/objects biting, tongue/lips/cheeks biting, nails biting and one-side biting. Perceived stress was not associated with either type of bruxism. Conclusion: Bruxism has an important prevalence among university students, especially when distinguishing between awake bruxism and sleep bruxism

Salud bucal, higiene y hábitos bucales en personas con trastorno del espectro autista / Oral health, hygiene practices and oral habits of people with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Introduction: People with autism spectrum disorder have a higher risk of dental complications due to the characteristics of the condition itself. Objective: To describe the oral health status, hygiene practices and oral habits of a group of Chilean children, adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted of 123 subjects with autism spectrum disorder. A questionnaire was applied which dealt with socio-demographic information, dental history, oral hygiene practices and oral habits. Each participating subject underwent oral examination to determine their experience with and prevalence of caries, scores on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and the gingival index, and the presence of dental trauma, deep/ogival palate, anterior open bite, and anterior and posterior crossbite. Results: 48 percent of the subjects with autism spectrum disorder brushed twice a day, and 68.0 percent required assisted tooth-brushing; 94.3 percent had oral habits, of which bruxism and oral breathing were the most frequent, accounting for 57.7 percent and 52.9 percent, respectively. Prevalence of caries was 33.3 percent, the dental caries index for permanent dentition was 1.1 ± 1.8, and the dental caries index for deciduous and permanent dentition was 2.6 ± 3.3. OHI-S for the 123 subjects was 1.30 ± 0.58. Conclusions: Most subjects required assistance with tooth-brushing and brushed twice a day. Bruxism and oral breathing were the most prevalent oral habits. A low prevalence of caries, a very low dental caries index for permanent dentition and a fair Oral Hygiene Index were observed in the 123 subjects with autism spectrum disorder(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Las personas con trastorno del espectro autista tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones dentales, debido a las características propias de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir el estado de salud bucal, hábitos de higiene y hábitos bucales de un grupo de niños, adolescentes y adultos chilenos con trastorno del espectro autista. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista. Se aplicó un cuestionario sobre información socio-demográfica, antecedentes dentales, hábitos de higiene bucal y hábitos bucales, y se realizó un examen odontológico a cada participante para determinar la experiencia y prevalencia de caries, la puntuación según el índice de higiene bucal simplificado y el índice gingival, así como la presencia de traumatismo dentario, paladar profundo/ojival, mordida abierta anterior y mordida cruzada anterior y posterior. Resultados: El 48 por ciento de los sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se cepillaba dos veces al día y el 68,0 por ciento tenía un cepillado asistido. El 94,3 por ciento presentaba hábitos bucales, de los cuales los más frecuentes eran el bruxismo con 57,7 por ciento y la respiración bucal con 52,9 por ciento. La prevalencia de caries fue de 33,3 por ciento, el índice total de caries en dentición permanente de 1,1 ± 1,8 y el índice total de caries en dentición temporal y permanente de 2,6 ± 3,3. El índice de higiene bucal simplificado para los 123 sujetos fue de 1,30 ± 0,58. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los sujetos tenían un cepillado asistido y lo realizaban dos veces al día. Los hábitos bucales más prevalentes fueron el bruxismo y la respiración bucal. En los 123 sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista se observó una baja prevalencia de caries, un índice total de caries en dentición permanente muy bajo y un índice de higiene bucal regular(AU)

Vulnerabilidad y nivel de estrés en pacientes con bruxismo / Vulnerability and stress levels in patients with bruxism

RESUMEN Introducción: El bruxismo es un exponente desgarrador del sistema estomatognático que impacta en la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen, siendo el estrés uno de sus desencadenantes. Objetivo: Identificar la vulnerabilidad y nivel de estrés en pacientes con bruxismo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, en 94 pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, entre noviembre de 2017 a mayo de 2018, los cuales se diagnosticaron con bruxismo. Las variables fueron la vulnerabilidad al estrés y nivel de estrés. Resultados: Al caracterizar la población de estudio se mostró que el sexo femenino estuvo representado por el 55,31 por ciento, y el grupo atareo de 15 a 20 años fue el de mayor población (42,55 por ciento). Los resultados revelaron que los pacientes con bruxismo son seriamente vulnerables al estrés (53,19 por ciento) y tienen niveles de estrés que ha pasado el límite en el 45,74 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con bruxismo son seriamente vulnerables al estrés y presentan niveles de estrés que ha pasado el límite(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bruxism is an extremely upsetting disorder of the stomatognathic system affecting the quality of life of its sufferers. Stress may act as a trigger for this condition. Objective: Determine the vulnerability and stress levels of patients with bruxism. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of 94 patients diagnosed with bruxism attending Manuel Cedeño Dental Specialties University Clinic from November 2017 to May 2018. The variables considered were vulnerability to stress and stress level. Results: Characterization of the study population found that 55.31 percent were female and the largest age group corresponded to the 15-30 years bracket (42.55 percent). Results revealed that patients with bruxism are seriously vulnerable to stress (53.19 percent), stress limits being exceeded in 45.74 percent of the cases. Conclusions: Patients with bruxism are seriously vulnerable to stress, displaying stress levels that exceed the limit(AU)

Prevalencia de Bruxismo y Estrés en Estudiantes de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / Bruxism and Stress Prevalence in Dentistry Students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

RESUMEN: El bruxismo corresponde a una actividad parafuncional de apretamiento dentario por acción de los músculos masticatorios. Dentro de los factores etiológicos del bruxismo, se encuentran estados emocionales como la ansiedad, depresión y situaciones de estrés, entre otros. Los estudiantes de Odontología, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran en su ciclo clínico, se someten a situaciones de alta exigencia que les generan estados de depresión, estrés y ansiedad. El objetivo de este estudio es medir la prevalencia de trastornos psicológicos como depresión, ansiedad y estrés y bruxismo en estudiantes de Odontología de 4to y 5to año de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Mediante el uso de cuestionarios y exámenes clínicos, utilizando el cuestionario de la Asociación Americana de Medicina del Sueño y la Escala de Depresión-Ansiedad y Estrés (DAS-21), se determinó que el 62 % de los estudiantes presentaron bruxismo, con predominio en mujeres. Todos los alumnos que presentaron bruxismo manifestaron niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Estas cifras son importantes a considerar como señal de alerta y para generar medidas preventivas y terapéuticas para disminuir el bruxismo y los trastornos psicológicos asociados.

ABSTRACT: Bruxism corresponds to a parafunctional activity of dental tightening due to the action of masticatory muscles. Within the etiological factors of bruxism, there are emotional states such as anxiety, depression and stress situations, among others. Dental students, especially those who are in their clinical cycle, are subjected to high demand situations that generate states of depression, stress and anxiety. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety and stress and bruxism in 4th and 5th year of dentistry students of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Through the use of questionnaires and clinical examinations, using the questionnaire of the American Association of Sleep Medicine and the Depression-Anxiety and Stress Scale (DAS-21), it was determined that 62 % of the students presented bruxism, with predominance in women. All of the students that presented bruxism, manifested levels of depression, anxiety and stress. These numbers are important to consider as a warning signal and to generate preventive and therapeutic measures that contribute to the reduction of bruxism and associated psychological disorders.

The prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study / A prevalência do bruxismo e fatores relacionados em pacientes com esclerose múltipla: um estudo comparativo

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS under the 2010-revised McDonald diagnostic criteria, 182 patients without MS exacerbations during the previous three months were included in the patient group, and 145 healthy individuals made up the control group in the study. Demographic data of the participants in both groups were determined. In the patient and control groups, the diagnosis of definite bruxism was made using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Diagnosis and Coding Manual, Second Edition). Results: Bruxism was found in 29.7% (n = 54) of the patients and in 12.4% (n = 18) of the controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Of all patients, the onset of bruxism was found in 70.4% (n = 38) after the diagnosis and in 29.6% (n = 169) prior to the diagnosis of MS. Compared with those without bruxism, the mean age (p = 0.031) and the score of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.001) were also significantly higher among MS patients with bruxism. Between MS patients with and without bruxism, no significant differences were found in terms of sex, marital status, educational status, employment, cigarette smoking, total number of exacerbations, number of exacerbations within the previous year, and drugs used. Conclusions: The frequency of bruxism was found to be higher in the patients with MS than in the controls. Bruxism is associated with age and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in MS patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Neste estudo, pretendeu-se determinar a prevalência de bruxismo e fatores relacionados em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). Métodos: Diagnosticados com EM remitente recidivante sob os critérios de McDonald Diagnostic revisados em 2010, 182 pacientes sem ataques de EM durante os últimos três meses foram incluídos no grupo de pacientes, e 145 indivíduos saudáveis constituíram o grupo de controle no estudo. Os dados demográficos dos participantes dos dois grupos foram determinados. Nos grupos de pacientes e controle, o diagnóstico de bruxismo definitivo foi feito usando a Classificação Internacional de Distúrbios do Sono (1) (Manual de Diagnóstico e Codificação Segunda Edição). Resultados: O bruxismo foi detectado em 29,7% (n = 54) dos pacientes e observado dentro de 12,4% (n = 18) dos controles, e a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p <0,001). De todos os pacientes, o tempo inicial de bruxismo foi encontrado em 70,4% (n = 38) após o diagnóstico e em 29,6% (n = 169) antes do diagnóstico. Em comparação com aqueles sem bruxismo, os níveis de idade média (p = 0,031) e o escore da Escala de Status de Incapacidade Expandida (p = 0,001) também foram significativamente maiores entre os pacientes com esclerose múltipla com bruxismo. Entre os pacientes com esclerose múltipla com e sem bruxismo, não foi encontrada diferença significativa em termos de sexo, estado civil, status educacional, emprego, tabagismo, número total de ataques, número de ataques no último ano e medicamentos utilizados. Conclusões: A freqüência de bruxismo foi maior em pacientes com esclerose múltipla do que nos controles. O bruxismo está associado à idade e ao escore da Escala de Status de Incapacidade Expandida (EDSS) em pacientes com EM.

Prevalencia de Bruxismo y Trastornos Temporomandibulares Asociados en una Población de Escolares de San Luis Potosí, México / Prevalence of Bruxism and Associated Temporomandibular Disorders in a Population of School Children of San Luis Potosí, México

RESUMEN: El término "Transtornos Temporomandibulares" (TTM) incluye numerosos problemas clínicos asociados con las articulaciones temporomandibulares, músculos de la masticación y otras estructuras asociadas. El bruxismo, un hábito oral parafuncional, consiste en rechinar o apretar de manera rítmica e involuntaria los dientes, lo que puede conducir a trauma oclusal y problemas articulares. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia y prevalencia de signos y síntomas de TTM y bruxismo en niños escolares de 6 a 12 años, en una población de San Luis Potosí, México. Se empleó un diseño transversal descriptivo en una muestra de 314 participantes, estudiantes de una escuela primaria de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México. Los participantes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente en forma estratificada y polietápica. La muestra total consistió en 153 femeninos y 161 masculinos. Los signos y síntomas de TTM más frecuentes fueron la alteración de la función de la ATM (35 %), seguido por los ruidos y chasquido articulares (29,2 %). En los sujetos con diagnóstico de bruxismo, la alteración más frecuente fueron molestias asociadas en la ATM (19,4 %), dolor de cabeza (17,8 %) y atrición dental (16,5 %).

ABSTRACT: The term "Temporomandibular disorders" (TTM) includes numerous clinical problems associated with joint temporomandibular, muscles of mastication and other associated structures. Bruxism, oral parafunctional habit, consists of grinding or clenching of involuntary, rhythmic manner, which can lead to trauma, occlusal and problems joint. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and prevalence of signs and symptoms of DTM and bruxism in school children aged 6 to 12, in a population of San Luis Potosí, México. A crosssectional descriptive design was used in a sample of 314 participants, students of a primary school in the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The participants were randomly selected in tiered form and conglomerated. The total sample consisted of 153 female and male 161. The signs and symptoms of TMD frequent were alteration of the function of the ATM (35 %), followed by noise and snap joint (29.2 %). In subjects with a diagnosis of bruxism, the most frequent alteration was associated with TMJ discomfort (19.4 %), headache (17.8 %) and dental attrition (16.5 %).

Mouth Breathing and Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism among Preschoolers aged 2 to 5 years

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bruxism, associating it with mouth breathing in preschool children in Florianopolis, Brazil. Material and Methods: Clinical examination and questions to parents/guardians of 429 children aged 2-5 were conducted. The clinical examination was performed by three calibrated examiners to register the presence of tooth wear on incisors and molars. The questions were related to sleep bruxism (teeth grinding) and mouth breathing. For determinate diagnosis, were "possible" bruxism by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and "probable" bruxism, whereas the Item Response Theory was employed for mouth breathing. To determine the associations, a Chi-square test and Fisher exact test with a standard error of 5% and 95% interval confidence were applied. Results: The clinical examination revealed bruxism in 8.2%, whereas the parental report revealed bruxism in 17.2%. When clinical examination was associated with the parent's report, bruxism was present in 2.1%. Among the non-clinical variables, the most prevalent changes included: child presenting a regular stuffy nose (19.6%), followed by child is always open-mouthed (16.1%). A significant statistical association between bruxism and age was obtained (p<0.05), the age group with prevalence of 4 and 5 years old with 68.9%. There was no mouth breathing association with the presence of bruxism (p>0.05). Conclusion: Bruxism was prevalent for children aged 4-5 and bruxism had no association with mouth breathing.

Lesiones cervicales no cariosas en pacientes del área de salud Eléctrico, municipio Arroyo Naranjo, 2015 / Non carious cervical lesions in patient of the area of health Electric, Arroyo Naranjo municipality, 2015

Introducción: las lesiones cervicales no cariosas son la pérdida patológica de la estructura dentaria localizada en el límite amelo-cementario, que no responden a un agente causal bacteriano. Teniendo en cuenta la incidencia de esta afección en la salud bucal, resulta una necesidad su estudio más detallado, que permita conocer mejor su comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico para favorecer su prevención y tratamiento de una forma más eficaz. Objetivo: determinar la distribución y características de lesiones cervicales no cariosas en pacientes pertenecientes al área de salud Eléctrico del municipio Arroyo Naranjo de la provincia La Habana. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal en un total de 153 pacientes con lesiones cervicales no cariosas. Fue considerada una lesión cervical no cariosa cuando el paciente presentara alguna de las variantes erosión, abrasión y/o abfracción, o la combinación de estas. Se asumieron para la investigación otras variables como: sexo, edad, grupo de diente, localización y factores de riesgo. Se utilizó la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado para la asociación de variable. Resultados: predominaron el sexo masculino con 52,9 por ciento y el grupo de edad de 37 a 47 años con el 30,7 por ciento. Los premolares resultaron el grupo dentario más afectado con el 38,9 por ciento; se destacó al bruxismo y al cepillado traumático con el 43,8 por ciento y 35,3 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: las lesiones cervicales no cariosas se manifestaron entre los 37 a 47 años, específicamente en los hombres, y afectaron fundamentalmente a los premolares superiores con un promedio de 4 dientes por paciente. El bruxismo y el cepillado traumático constituyeron los factores de riesgo que más se correspondieron con el desarrollo de este tipo de lesión no cariosa a nivel cervical del diente(AU)

Introduction: non-carious cervical lesions are the pathological loss of dental structure located in the amelocementum junction, which do not result from a bacterial causative agent. Given the incidence of this condition in the oral health, it is necessary to study it in detail in order to better know its clinical and epidemiological behavior and to prevent it and treat it more effectively. Objective: to determine the distribution and the characteristics of non-carious cervical lesions in patients from the Electrico health area in Arroyo Naranjo municipality in Havana province. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a sample of 153 patients with non-carious cervical lesions. The classification of a non-carious cervical lesion was considered when a patient presents with some of the variants called erosion, abrasion and/or abfraction, or their combination. Other variables were also taken for this study, that is, sex, age, tooth group, location and risk factors. The Chi square test was used for the association of variables. Results: in the study, males with 52.9 percent of the total number and the 37-47 year age group with 30.7 percent predominated. Premolars represented the most affected dental group with 38.9 percent; bruxism and harmful brushing were present in 43.8 percent and 35.3 percent of cases, respectively. Conclusions: non carious cervical lesions occur in the 37-47 age group, mainly in men and fundamentally affect upper premolars and 4 teeth per patient as average. Bruxism and harmful brushing were the most related risk factors to this type of non-carious lesion(AU)

Análisis de trastornos temporomandibulares en niños de 10 a 15 años / An analysis of temporomandibular joint disorders in 10-to-15-year-old children

Objetivos: estimar la frecuencia y tipo de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en niños y relacionarlos con edad, sexo, apretamiento dentario, bruxismo diurno y nocturno. Métodos: Pacientes de 10 a 15 años que concurrieron a la Cátedra Odontología Integral Niños, evaluados con el CDI/TTM por odontopediatras estandarizados (Kappa 0,88). Los registros fueron ingresados en una base de datos conformándose los siguientes grupos: sin TTM, con trastornos musculares (TM), con desplazamiento de discos (DD) y artralgias (A). Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, edad, apretamiento dentario, bruxismo diurno y nocturno, utilizando porcentajes y Odds ratio con intervalos de confianza (95%), medias, desvíos estándar y Test de Bonferroni. Resultados: Muestra constituida por 299 pacientes (12,65±1,74 años) correspondiendo el 54,51% al sexo femenino. Un 25,41% (20,56-30,76) presentaron TM (23,74%: dolor miofacial y 1,67% dolor miofacial con limitación de apertura); en el 21,07% (16.57- 26,15) se observó DD (15,71% con reducción, 5,01% sin reducción con apertura limitada y 0,33% sin reducción y sin limitación) y el 3,34% (1,6-6,07) reveló signos y síntomas de A. La edad mostró diferencias entre los grupos...

Objectives: to estimate the frequency and type of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and determine their association with gender, age, teeth clenching, daytime and nocturnal bruxism. Methods: Standardized pediatric dentists (Kappa 0.88) evaluated with the RDC/TMD all patients aged 10 to 15 years who attended at the Pediatric Dentistry Department. Results of the questionnaire and clinical examination were loaded in a data base. Groups conformed were: without TMD, with muscle disorders (MD), displacement disk (DD), and arthralgia (A). Analyzed variables were: gender, age, teeth clenching, diurnal and nocturnal bruxism. Percentages and odds ratio with confidence interval (95%), means, standard deviation and Bonferroni Test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The sample was comprised of 299 patients (54.51% female) aged 12.65 ± 1.74. 25.41% (20.56-30.76) showed MD (23.74% myofacial pain and 1.67% myofacial pain with opening limitation); 21.07% (16.57-26.15) of children revealed DD, (15.71% displacement with reduction, 5.01% no reduction with limited opening and 0.33% no reduction and no limitation) and 3.34% (1.6-6.07) presented signs and symptoms of A. Age showed significant differences among the groups...

Bruxism frequency and dental occlusion type in a group of Mexican adolescents / Frecuencia de bruxismo y tipo de oclusión dental en un grupo de adolescentes mexicanos

Bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by the relentless action of clenching and grinding teeth in an inappropriate way. It can be developed when dental occlusion is altered due to premature contacts between teeth and excursive occlusal interferences. These features can influence its frequency, intensity and duration. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of the habit of bruxism and its relationship with the type of dental occlusion in a group of teenagers. A total of 278 teenagers enrolled in undergraduate level were examined. A questionnaire and an oral examination were conducted for the epidemiological survey. For this purpose, an examiner was previously standardized (malocclusion kappa=0.89, bruxism kappa=0.93). A 51.5 percent of the adolescents presented bruxism. It was more frequent in the category of the 17-year-olds, with no significant differences by sex. An 81.4 percent showed a type of dental malocclusion, of which 57.6 percent were cases of Class I malocclusion, 21.4 percent of Class II and 2.4 percent of Class III, without a relationship between bruxism and these categories of dental malocclusion. Conclusion. Bruxism frequency was high, with similar distribution by sex. No association with the type of dental occlusion or with dental malocclusion frequency was found.

El bruxismo es un hábito parafuncional que se caracteriza por la acción incesante de rechinar y apretar los dientes de manera inadecuada, el cual puede ser desarrollado cuando la oclusión dental se encuentra alterada debido a los contactos prematuros entre los dientes e interferencias oclusales excursivas, características que pueden influir en la frecuencia, intensidad y duración como es adoptado. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia del hábito de bruxismo y su relación con el tipo de oclusión dental, en un grupo de adolescentes. Se examinaron un total de 278 adolescentes inscritos a nivel de bachillerato. Para la encuesta epidemiológica se aplicó un cuestionario y se realizó un examen bucal, para tal fin una examinadora fue previamente estandarizada (maloclusión kappa=0,89, bruxismo kappa=0,93). El 51,5 por ciento de los adolescentes presentó bruxismo, siendo más frecuente en la categoría de 17 años de edad, sin diferencias por sexo. El 81,4 por ciento mostró algún tipo de maloclusión dental, de los cuales, el 57,6 por ciento fueron casos de maloclusión Clase I, el 21,4 por ciento Clase II y el 2,4 por ciento Clase III, sin que se observara relación alguna entre el hábito del bruxismo con estas últimas categorías de maloclusión dental. La frecuencia de bruxismo fue alta, con distribución similar por sexo, sin que se observara asociación alguna con el tipo de oclusión dental, o bien, con la frecuencia de maloclusión dental.

Bruxism in children and transverse plane of occlusion: Is there a relationship or not?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of bruxism in deciduous dentition and a potential association between the habit and the presence or absence of posterior crossbite. METHODS: A total of 940 patient files were assessed. They were gathered from the archives of University of São Paulo City - UNICID; however, 67 patient files were dismissed for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Therefore, 873 children, males and females, comprised the study sample. They were aged between 2-6 years old and came from six different public primary schools from the east of the city of São Paulo. Data were collected through questionnaires answered by parents/guardians and by clinical examinations carried out in the school environment in order to obtain the occlusal characteristics in the transverse direction. First, a descriptive statistical analysis of all variables was performed (age, sex, race, posterior crossbite, bruxism, headache and restless sleep); then, the samples were tested by means of chi-square test with significance level set at 0.05%. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the presence of bruxism. RESULTS: The prevalence of this parafunctional habit was of 28.8%, with 84.5% of patients showing no posterior crossbite. Regarding the association of bruxism with crossbite, significant results were not found. Children with restless sleep have 2.1 times more chances of developing bruxism, whereas children with headache have 1.5 more chances. CONCLUSION: Transverse plane of occlusion was not associated with the habit of bruxism. .

INTRODUÇÃO: avaliar a prevalência de bruxismo na dentadura decídua e a associação existente entre este hábito e a presença ou não de mordida cruzada posterior. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 940 prontuários do arquivo de documentações da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), sendo que 67 foram excluídos por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão. Logo, 873 , de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 2 a 6 anos, procedentes de seis escolas municipais de educação infantil da zona leste da cidade de São Paulo, compuseram a amostra desse estudo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários respondidos pelos pais/responsáveis e exames clínicos, realizados em ambiente escolar, para obtenção das características oclusais no sentido transversal. Primeiramente, efetuou-se uma análise estatística descritiva de todas as variáveis avaliadas na amostra (idade, sexo, raça, mordida cruzada posterior, bruxismo, dor de cabeça e sono agitado) e, em seguida, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, com grau de significância de 0,05%, e um modelo de regressão logística para a presença do bruxismo. RESULTADOS: a prevalência desse hábito parafuncional foi de 28,8% do total da amostra, e 84,5% não apresentaram mordida cruzada posterior. Quanto à associação de bruxismo com a mordida cruzada posterior, não foram encontrados resultados significativos. Verificou-se, também, que as crianças com sono agitado possuem 2,1 vezes mais chances de desenvolver o bruxismo e, as com dor de cabeça, 1,5 vezes. CONCLUSÃO: o plano transversal de oclusão não apresentou relação com o hábito do bruxismo. .

Parafunctional oral habits and itsrelationship with family structure in a Mexican preschoolers group, 2013 / Hábitos orales parafuncionales y su relación con la estructura familiar en un grupo de preescolares mexicanos, 2013

Introduction. Habit is any act acquired through experience and performed regularly and unconsciously. Parafunctional habits are resulting from the perversion of a normal function, acquired by repeated practice of an act that is not functional or necessary, may be signs of adjustment problems or inappropriate emotional expression. Its importance lies in the fact that they can interfere with the development of dental occlusion. Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of parafunctional oral habits and their possible association with the type of family, in a group of preschool children from eastern Mexico City. Methodology. Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carrying on. Preschool children group and their parents were surveyed before an examiner calibration (k =0.87, p=0.001). The detection of different parafunctional habits was conducted in two stages: 1) application of a parent questionnaire and 2) clinical assessment of the child. Results and discussion. 57.7 percent of the studied population had at least one parafunctional oral habit. Onycophagia habit was the most prevalent. The relationship between prevalence of parafunctional habits with family type was significant (X2=87.439, p=0.0001). Conclusions. The prevalence of parafunctional habits was high which was associated with family type also the most frequent parafunctional habit onycophagia.

Introducción. Un hábito es cualquier acto adquirido mediante la experiencia y realizado regular e inconscientemente. Los hábitos bucales parafuncionales son los que resultan de la alteración de una función normal, o los que se adquieren por la práctica repetida de un acto que no es funcional ni necesario, pudiendo ser signos de problemas de adaptación o de expresión emocional inadecuada. Su importancia radica en el hecho de que pueden interferir con el desarrollo de la oclusión dental, razón por la cual el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales y su posible relación con la estructura familiar, en un grupo de preescolares de un Centro de Desarrollo Infantil del oriente de la Ciudad de México. Metodología. El estudio fue de carácter observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en el que 111 preescolares y sus padres fueron encuestados previa calibración de una examinadora (k=0.87, p=0.001). La detección de los diferentes hábitos bucales parafuncionales se realizó en dos etapas: 1) aplicación de un cuestionario al padre de familia y 2) valoración clínica del niño. Resultados y discusión. El 57.7 por ciento de la población estudiada presentó, al menos un hábito bucal parafuncional. La onicofagia fue el hábito de mayor prevalencia. La relación entre la prevalencia de hábitos parafuncionales con la estructura familiar resultó ser significativa (X2=87.439, p=0.0001). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de hábitos bucales parafuncionales fue alta la cual estuvo relacionada con la estructura familiar, asimismo, el hábito parafuncional más frecuente fue la onicofagia.

Factores de riesgo asociados a trastornos temporomandibulares / Temporomandibular disorder-associated risk factors

Los trastornos temporomandibulares conforman un conjunto de condiciones músculo-esqueléticas que afectan la articulación temporomandibular, músculos de la masticación y estructuras anatómicas adyacentes; complejas y moldeadas por diversos factores de riesgo interactuantes. Resulta de gran valor el conocimiento de los mismos para poder actuar sobre ellos e impedir la aparición y/o agravamiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: caracterizar a la población objeto de estudio según las variables sociodemográficas: edad y sexo, factores precipitantes, hábitos parafuncionales y trastornos oclusales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Universitario Miguel Enríquez, en una población constituida por 181 pacientes que acudieron a la Consulta Multidisciplinaria de Atención Integral de la articulación temporomandibular en el período comprendido de enero del 2010 a enero del 2012. Resultados: del total de pacientes, 133 pertenecían al sexo femenino, para un 73 por ciento. El grupo de edades de 25-35 años estuvo representado por 45 pacientes para un 24 por ciento. En el 79 por ciento se observó bruxismo, en el 24 por ciento interposición lingual en tanto que el 52 por ciento presentó dientes ausentes no restituidos. Conclusiones: el sexo predominante fue el femenino y el grupo de edades más representado es el de 25-35 años. El factor predisponente que más se observó fue los dientes ausentes no restituidos protésicamente. El factor precipitante que predominó fue el bruxismo y no se observaron factores perpetuantes de los trastornos temporomandibulares(AU)

Temporomandibular disorders comprise a group of musculoskeletal conditions that affect temporomandibylar joint, masticatory muscles and adjacent anatomical structures, complex and shaped by several interacting risk factors. Knowledge of these disorders is of great value so that one can act upon them and prevent the occurrence and/or aggravation of disease. Objective: to characterize the study population according to sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, precipitating factors, parafunctional habits and occlusal disorders. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was conducted in Miguel Enriquez clinical and surgical university hospital. The study population was made up of 181 patients who went to the multidisciplinary service of integrated care to the temporomandibular joint in the period of January 2010 through January 2012. Results: of the total number of patients, 133 were females for 73 percent. The 25-35 years age group was represented by 45 patients for 24 percent. Bruxism was seen in 79 percent, lingual interposition in 24 percent of cases whereas 52 percent presented with non-replaced absent teeth. Conclusions: females prevailed and the most represented age group was 25-35. The most observed predisposing factor was absent teeth which were not replaced by dentures. The prevailing precipitant factor was bruxism and no perpetuating factors of temporomandibular disorder were unobserved(AU)

Association of infantile bruxism and the terminal relationships of the primary second molars

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between infantile bruxism and the terminal relationships of the primary second molars. A total of 937 pre-school children (both genders), aged from 2 to 6 years, from municipal schools in São Paulo were evaluated. In this study, a questionnaire considering the bruxism habit and the presence of headaches and/or restless sleep was answered by the parents/guardians. A clinical exam of occlusion in the anteroposterior direction (vertical plane - VP, mesial step - MS and distal step - DS) was performed by the examiners in the school environment. Student's t test, Fisher's test and a logistic regression test were applied for the statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%. The prevalence of the bruxism habit was 29.3% among the total sample. Because there was no significant difference between the sides evaluated, the left side was taken as the standard. Among those children with bruxism, 25.7% presented a mesial step terminal relationship at the primary second molars, 29.1% had DS, and 30.2% had VP. Regarding the association of the parafunctional habit with the type of terminal relationship, no significant results were found. Children who slept restlessly or suffered from headaches were verified to show a higher chance of expressing the habit (OR = 2.4 and 1.6, respectively). The prevalence of bruxism in the studied sample was 29.3%, and its association with the primary second molars' terminal relationship was not statistically significant.

Malocclusion and deleterious oral habits among adolescents in a developing area in northeastern Brazil

Although malocclusions represent a serious public health issue, there is insufficient information about this problem in adolescents in Brazil, especially in poorer areas. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of facial alterations, dental malocclusions, and deleterious oral habits (DOH) among adolescents in a developing area in northeastern Brazil and to test the hypothesis that the occurrence of DOH in infancy is associated with DOH during adolescence. The study included a probabilistic population-based sample of 2,060 Brazilian students aged 12-15 years. Facial characteristics (type of facial profile, facial symmetry, and passive lip sealing) and malocclusions (Angle and Dental Aesthetic Index, DAI) were evaluated. DOH in infancy and adolescence were evaluated by interviews with the parents and adolescents. Most adolescents presented with normal facial characteristics. The malocclusion prevalence (Angle) was 83%. The DAI ranged from 13 to 69 (mean ± SD: 25.9 ± 7.7). Orthodontic treatment was necessary in 45.1% of the sample. The most prevalent DOH in adolescents were nail biting, object biting, cheek/lip biting, and bruxism, which were associated with finger sucking during infancy (P < 0.05). We conclude that malocclusions and DOH are common among Brazilian adolescents and that finger sucking during infancy may be a good predictor of DOH occurrence during adolescence.

Signs, symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of parent-reported sleep bruxism in children: a case-control study

Bruxism is the non-functional clenching or grinding of the teeth that may occur during sleep or less commonly in daytime. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical signs and symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of sleep bruxism in children. A population-based case-control study was carried out involving 120 children, 8 years of age, with sleep bruxism and 240 children without sleep bruxism. The sample was randomly selected from public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Groups were matched by gender and social class. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) drawn up by the city of Belo Horizonte was employed for social classification. Data collection instruments included clinical forms and pre-tested questionnaires. The diagnosis of sleep bruxism was supported by the American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. The McNemar test, binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. The risk factors associated with sleep bruxism included: primary canine wear (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3), biting of objects like pencils or pens (OR=2.0 IC 95% 1.2-3.3) and wake-time bruxism (tooth clenching) (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3). Children that present the parafunctions of object biting and wake-time bruxism were more susceptible to sleep bruxism.

Bruxismo é o ato não funcional de ranger os dentes enquanto se dorme ou apertar os dentes em vigília. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre sinais e sintomas clínicos associados ao bruxismo noturno em crianças. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de base populacional com desenho caso-controle, envolvendo 120 crianças, de 8 anos de idade, com bruxismo e 240 crianças sem bruxismo. A amostra foi selecionada de forma randomizada em escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Os grupos caso e controle foram pareados por gênero e classe social. O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) desenvolvido pela prefeitura da cidade de Belo Horizonte foi utilizado para a classificação social. Como instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados: uma ficha clínica e um questionário pré-testados. O diagnóstico de bruxismo noturno foi baseado nos critérios da American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Os testes estatísticos de McNemar, regressão logística binária e multivariada com modelo de regressão foram utilizados para análise dos dados. Foram considerados fatores de risco para o bruxismo noturno: desgaste em caninos decíduos (OR=2,3 IC 95% 1,2-4,3), morder objetos como lápis e canetas (OR=2,0 IC 95% 1,2-3,3) e apertar os dentes em vigília (OR=2,3 IC 95% 1,2-4,3). Crianças que apresentam outras parafunções tais como: morder objetos e apertar os dentes em vigília são mais susceptíveis ao bruxismo noturno.

Associação do bruximo ao estresse emocional: estudo transversal / Bruxism association with emotional stress: transversal study

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de bruxismo em militares da Marinha do Brasil que atuam em áreas operativas ou administrativas, verificando a existência de associação com o estresse emocional. Foram avaliados 486 militares que foram submetidos ao Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp, a exames clínicos e à anamnese. Observou-se a prevalência de 35,6% de militares com bruxismo, onde o grupo administrativo foi o mais acometido. Cento e três pacientes apresentaram sintomas de estresse, dos quais 55,33% sem e 44,66% com evidências clínicas de bruxismo. Houve uma correlação positiva entre o estresse e o bruxismo. A prevalência de bruxismo encontrada na amostra foi maior do que a apresentada na literatura para a população em geral.

Bruxismo na infância: um sinal de alerta para odontopediatras e pediatras / Childhood bruxism: a warning sign to pediatric dentists and pediatricians

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre o bruxismo na infância, abordando os fatores etiológicos, as características clínicas, os sinais e sintomas, a importância do diagnóstico por parte dos pediatras e odontopediatras e o tratamento multidisciplinar desta condição parafuncional. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram selecionados os artigos mais relevantes sobre o tema publicados desde 1907 até 2007, com pesquisa realizada no Medline, na Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO) e em livros de Odontologia. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O bruxismo é definido como um hábito não funcional do sistema mastigatório, caracterizado pelo ato de ranger ou apertar os dentes, podendo ocorrer durante o dia e durante o sono. A etiologia é multifatorial e a literatura sugere vários fatores associados: dentário, fisiológico, psicológico e neurológico. As forças exercidas pelo bruxismo podem provocar distúrbios em diferentes graus nos dentes e nos tecidos de suporte, na musculatura e na articulação têmporo-mandibular. O sinal mais comum é o desgaste nas faces incisais dos dentes anteriores e oclusais nos posteriores, além de mobilidade e hipersensibilidade dentárias, fratura de cúspides e restaurações e hipertonicidade dos músculos mastigatórios. CONCLUSÃO: O conhecimento dos fatores etiológicos e das características clínicas do bruxismo na infância é fundamental para que o diagnóstico seja precoce, permitindo que pediatras, odontopediatras e psicólogos possam estabelecer um tratamento multidisciplinar e favoreçam o desenvolvimento integral da criança para a promoção de saúde e bem-estar individual.

OBJECTIVE: To present a review of literature on childhood bruxism, including etiological factors, clinical characteristics, signs and symptoms, the importance of the diagnosis by pediatric dentists and pediatricians and the multidisciplinary management of this parafunctional condition. DATA SOURCE: The most relevant articles published on the subject from 1907 to 2007 were selected, from Medline and Brazilian Bibliography on Odontology databases as well as dentistry books. DATA SYNTHESIS: Bruxism is defined as a non-functional habit of the stomatognatic system, characterized by the act of grinding or squeezing the teeth, with occurrences during the day or sleep. The etiology is multifactorial with contribution of several factors (dental, physiological, psychological and neurological variables). The forces produced by bruxism can harm the teeth, their supporting tissues, muscles and temporomandibular articulation. Common clinical signs are: attrition on the incisal faces of the anterior teeth and occlusal faces in the posterior teeth, as well as dental hypermobility and hypersensibility, cusp and restoration fracture and muscle hypertonicity. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on the etiological factors and the clinical characteristics of childhood bruxism is important to establish early diagnosis and treatment, with a multidisciplinary approach that should include pediatricians, pediatric dentists and psychologists in order to provide adequate infant development focused on health promotion and individual well-being.