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1.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e177172, 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1347985

ABSTRACT

Feline calicivirus is among the most common pathogenic microorganisms in upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and oral lesions of cats. It leads to stomatitis, oral ulceration, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, fever, lameness, anorexia, hypersalivation, pneumonia, respiratory distress, coughing, and depression in infected cats. This study aimed to determine the role of Feline calicivirus (FCV) in cats with the upper respiratory tract disease in the Diyarbakir region, Turkey, to provide treatment for infected cats and contribute to the disease prophylaxis. The study material consisted of 10 cats (control group) considered to be healthy according to the clinical examination and 20 cats with URTD that were not vaccinated against Feline calicivirus infection of different breeds, ages, and genders brought to Dicle University Veterinary Faculty Prof. Dr. Servet SEKIN Polyclinic with URTD. After routine clinical examinations of the animals, oral and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken. Hematological and biochemical analyzes of blood samples were performed. Swab samples were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the diagnosis of the agent. Oral lesions, hypersalivation, ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, and breathing difficulties were seen in clinical examinations of cats with URTD. Feline calicivirus was detected in only one cat's conjunctival swab sample in PCR analyses. As a result, we found that Feline calicivirus infection was present in cats with URTD in the Diyarbakir region, and 5% positivity was found in cats with clinical symptoms according to PCR analysis.(AU)


O calicivírus felino está entre os microrganismos patogênicos mais comuns nas doenças do trato respiratório superior de gatos, determinando estomatites, ulcerações orais, descarga ocular e nasal, conjuntivite, febre, manqueira, anorexia, hipersalivação, pneumonia, distúrbios respiratórios, tosse e depressão. O presente trabalho foi delineado para determinar o papel do calicivírus felino (CVF) em gatos com doenças do trato respiratório superior na região de Diyarbakir, Turquia. Com o objetivo de orientar a prescrição do tratamento para os gatos infectados e contribuir com a profilaxia da doença. O material de estudo consistiu em 10 gatos saudáveis sem qualquer problema de saúde e 20 gatos acometidos por doenças do trato respiratório superior que não haviam sido vacinados contra a infecção pelo calicivírus felino. Os animais de diferentes raças, idades e gêneros foram encaminhados para a Universidade de Dicle, na Faculdade de Veterinária, na policlínica Professor Dr. Servet Sekin. Após o exame clínico de rotina dos animais, foram colhidos swabs orais e da conjuntiva e amostras de sangue. Análises hematológicas e bioquímicas das amostras de sangue foram realizadas e os swabs foram analisados pelo método da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para diagnóstico do agente. Nos gatos infectados foram constatadas: lesões orais, hipersalivação, descargas oculares e nasais, tosse e dificuldade respiratória. O calicivírus felino foi detectado pela técnica de PCR no swab conjuntival de apenas um gato. A conclusão obtida foi que a infecção pelo calicivírus felino foi detectada pela técnica de PCR na região de Diyarbakir, Turquia, em gatos com doença do trato respiratório superior com a frequência de 5%.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Respiratory Tract Infections , Cats/anatomy & histology , Caliciviridae Infections/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Calicivirus, Feline
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 40(9): 685-689, Sept. 2020. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1143417

ABSTRACT

Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) affect cats worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in cats with clinical signs of respiratory, oral and/or ocular disease. Samples were collected from cats cared for in veterinary ambulatory and clinics and submitted to molecular detection and viral isolation. Of the 49 cats evaluated, 45 (92%) were positive for at least one of the viruses; 82% (40/49) were positive for FeHV-1 and 41% (20/49) for FCV. Of these, 31% (15/49) were coinfection cases. For FeHV-1, 45% (18/40) of the cats tested were positive from the collection of eye swab, and the same percentage (9/20) was obtained for the FCV by the oral swab. FeHV-1 and/or FCV were isolated in 35% (17/49) of the samples. The main clinical sign observed was ocular secretion in 71% (35/49) of cats, characterized as mild serous, purulent or serosanguineous, and in some cases associated with ocular injury and marked chemosis. Our findings demonstrate the high occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in domestic cats in southern Brazil and indicate that measures should be implemented to improve the diagnostic, prevention and management against of these important diseases.(AU)


Alphaherpesvírus felídeo 1 (FeHV-1) e calicivírus felino (FCV) afetam gatos mundialmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a frequência de ocorrência de FeHV-1 e FCV em gatos com sinais clínicos de doença respiratória, oral e/ou ocular. Amostras foram coletadas de gatos atendidos em ambulatório e clínicas veterinárias e submetidas à detecção molecular e isolamento viral. Dos 49 gatos avaliados, 45 (92%) foram positivos para ao menos um dos vírus; 82% (40/49) foram positivos para o FeHV-1 e 41% (20/49) para o FCV. Destes, 31% (15/49) foram casos de coinfecção. Para o FeHV-1, 45% (18/40) dos gatos foram positivos na coleta do swab ocular, e o mesmo percentual (9/20) foi obtido para o FCV a partir do swab oral. FeHV-1 e/ou FCV foram isolados em 35% (17/49) das amostras. O principal sinal clínico observado foi secreção ocular em 71% (35/49) dos gatos, caracterizada como serosa, purulenta ou serossanguinolenta e, em alguns casos, associada à lesão e quemose. Nossos resultados demonstram a alta ocorrência de FeHV-1 e FCV em gatos domésticos na região Sul do Brasil e indicam que devem ser implementadas medidas para melhorar o diagnóstico, a prevenção e o manejo contra essas importantes doenças.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Calicivirus, Feline/isolation & purification , Alphaherpesvirinae/isolation & purification , Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology , Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology , Cats , Caliciviridae Infections/veterinary , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary
3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(4): 777-784, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974285

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to perform the molecular characterization of conserved and variable regions of feline calicivirus capsid genome in order to investigate the molecular diversity of variants in Brazilian cat population. Twenty-six conjunctival samples from cats living in five public short-term animal shelters and three multicat life-long households were analyzed. Fifteen cats had conjunctivitis, three had oral ulceration, eight had respiratory signs (cough, sneeze and nasal discharge) and nine were asymptomatic. Feline calicivirus were isolated in CRFK cells and characterized by reverse transcription PCR target to both conserved and variable regions of open reading frame 2. The amplicons obtained were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis along with most of the prototypes available in GenBank database and an amino acid analysis were performed. Phylogenetic analysis based on both conserved and variable region revealed two clusters with an aLTR value of 1.00 and 0.98 respectively and the variants from this study belong to feline calicivirus genogroup I. No association between geographical distribution and/or clinical signs and clustering in phylogenetic tree was observed. The variants circulating in public short-term animal shelter demonstrated a high variability because of the relatively rapid turnover of carrier cats constantly introduced of multiple viruses into this location over time.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Cat Diseases/virology , Calicivirus, Feline/isolation & purification , Calicivirus, Feline/genetics , Caliciviridae Infections/veterinary , Pets/virology , Phylogeny , Brazil , Open Reading Frames , Genome, Viral , Calicivirus, Feline/classification , Caliciviridae Infections/virology , Capsid Proteins/genetics
4.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 55(3): e141344, Outubro 25, 2018. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-969250

ABSTRACT

Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an oral inflammatory condition that frequently affects felines. Its etiology is not well defined, but several viral agents are thought to be involved. Several therapeutic protocols have been described, yet treatment response is often variable, and the therapeutic success is transient with an unpredictable duration. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy needs to be tailored for each patient. This work relates a case characterized by viral involvement in its etiopathogenesis providing an alternative to the most widely-used methods that so often frustrate both veterinary doctors and pet owners.(AU)


A gengivostomatite crônica felina (FCGS) é uma condição inflamatória oral que frequentemente afeta felinos. A sua etiologia não está bem definida, mas acredita-se que vários agentes virais possam estar envolvidos. Muitos protocolos terapêuticos têm sido descritos, no entanto, a resposta ao tratamento é frequentemente variável e o sucesso terapêutico é transitório com uma duração imprevisível. Portanto, a estratégia terapêutica precisa ser adaptada para cada paciente. O presente trabalho propõe a caracterização do envolvimento viral na etiopatogenia da doença como uma alternativa aos métodos mais amplamente utilizados, que muitas vezes frustram médicos veterinários e os donos de animais de estimação.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Stomatitis, Herpetic/veterinary , Cats/abnormalities , Calicivirus, Feline/classification
5.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): 18-26, 2017. tab.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-846487

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To perform molecular diagnosis of microbial agents (FHV-1, FCV, Mycoplasma felis, and Chlamydophila felis) in kittens with conjunctivitis and correlate the clinical signs with clinical severity. Material and Methods: A total of 108 conjunctival swab were collected from kittens without (G1; n = 40) and with (G2; n = 68) clinical signs of conjunctivitis. Animals from G2 group were scored from 1 (mild) to 4 (severe) according to the severity of conjunctivitis. All samples were submitted to PCR and RT-PCR. Results: FHV-1 was detected in 62/108 (57.4%) of samples, FCV in 40/108 (37.0%), M. felis in 11/108 (10.2%) and C. felis in 26/108 (24.1%). Mixed infections were detected in 39/108 (36.1%). In G1, 28/40 (70.0%) were positive for one or more agents, in G2, 58/68 (85.3%) were positive (P = 0.03). In 1, single infections by FHV-1were found in 21/40 (52.5%) samples, FCV in 2/40 (5.0%), C. felis in 1/40 (2.5%), and no pathogens were detected in 12/40 (30%) of samples, while mixed infections accounted for 29/40 (72.5%) of the cases. In G2, single FHV-1 infections were found in 31/68 (45.6%) samples, FCV in 10/68 (14.7 %), M. felis in 2/68 (3.0%) and C. felis also in 2/68 (3.0%), and no pathogens were detected in 10/68 (14.7%) samples, while mixed infections accounted for 36/68 (52.0%) of the cases. They were categorized as grade 1, 20/68 (29.4%), grade 2, 14/68 (20.6%), grade 3, 21/68 (30.9%) and grade 4, 13/68 (19.1%). The presence of FHV-1 and FCV is equally distributed among the four categories. More severe clinical signs, scores 3 and 4, are related to coinfections by C. felis and M. felis. Conclusions: FHV-1, FCV, C. felis and M. felis were identified in feline conjunctivitis. Co-infections are related to more severe cases of conjunctivitis.Molecular diagnosis is helpful to detect asymptomatic carriers and is a rapid and accurate method to determine the pathogen of feline conjunctivitis.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar diagnóstico molecular de agentes microbiológicos (FHV-1, FCV, Mycoplasma felis e Chlamydophila felis) em gatos filhotes e associar a presença dos patógenos à gravidade dos sinais clínicos de conjuntivite. Foram coletadas um total de 108 amostras de suabe conjuntival de filhotes felinos assintomáticos (G1; n = 40) e sintomáticos (G2; n = 68). Animais do G2 foram categorizados de 1 (leve) até 4 (grave), de acordo com o quadro clínico de conjuntivite. As 108 amostras foram submetidas à PCR e RT-PCR. O FHV-1 foi detectado em 57,4% das amostras, o FCV em 37%, o M. felis em 10,2% e o C. felis em 24,1%. Coinfecções, por sua vez, foram detectadas em 36,1%. No G1, 70% das amostras foram positivas para um ou mais patógenos. No G2, 85,3% apresentavam infecções (P = 0,03). No G1, monoinfecções por FHV-1 foram diagnosticadas em 52,5% das amostras, por FCV em 5%, por C. felis em 2,5%, e em 30% das amostras analisadas nenhum dos patógenos estudados foi encontrado. Coinfecções, por sua vez, estavam presentes em 72,5% das amostras. No G2, monoinfecções por FHV-1 foram encontradas em 45,6% das amostras, por FCV em 14,7 %, por M. felis em 3% e por C. felis também em 3%. Nenhum dos patógenos estudados foi encontrado em 14,7% das amostras analisadas. Coinfecções, responsáveis por 52% dos casos, foram categorizados como Grau 1 (29,4%), Grau 2 (20,6%), Grau 3 (30,9%) e Grau 4 (19,1%). A presença de FHV-1 e FCV está igualmente distribuída entre as quatro categorias. Os sinais clínicos mais graves (graus 3 e 4) estão relacionados a coinfecções por C. felis e M. felis. Os agentes microbiológicos FHV-1, FCV, C. felis e M. felis foram encontrados em animais com conjuntivite. Coinfecções estão relacionadas aos casos mais graves. Por fim, concluiu-se que o diagnóstico molecular, além de detectar portadores assintomáticos, é um método rápido e acurado para o diagnóstico do patógeno causador da conjuntivite felina.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Conjunctivitis, Viral/diagnosis , Conjunctivitis, Viral/veterinary , Eye Infections, Viral/veterinary , Calicivirus, Feline , Chlamydophila , Coinfection/veterinary , Herpesviridae , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/veterinary , Mycoplasma , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
6.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 36(1)mar. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-761228

ABSTRACT

O calicivírus felino (FCV) é um importante patógeno de gatos que causa lesões ulcerativas orais e infecções respiratórias. O vírus tem sido utilizado como modelo experimental para avaliação de agente antivirais contra norovírus (NoVs). Nesse estudo, investigou-se a ação dos óleos essenciais de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens HBK.) e tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L.) frente ao FCV, in vitro. A toxicidade celular foi testada pelo método de MTT e os ensaios antivirais pelo teste de redução de placas. Três protocolos foram aplicados: a) diferentes concentrações não tóxicas dos óleos essenciais (CNTOE) foram incubadas com o vírus por 1 hora antes da inoculação (ensaio virucida); b) CNTOE foram adicionadas às células CRFK e incubadas por 1 hora antes da adsorção viral (ensaio de pré-tratamento); c) CNTOE foram adicionadas às células após a inoculação do FCV e mantidas por 18 horas (ensaio de pós-tratamento). A CC 50 para os óleos de alecrim, orégano mexicano e tomilho foram: 1300,21 ?g mL -1 ; 435,92 ?g mL -1 e 675,34 ?g mL -1 ; respectivamente. O óleo essencial de tomilho apresentou índice de seletividade [IS=CC 50 /CI 50 ] de 8,57 para o ensaio de pré-tratamento e 6,2 no ensaio virucida. O óleo de alecrim mostrou atividade antiviral no ensaio virucida (IS=6,54) e de pós-tratamento (IS=6,86). O orégano mexicano apresentou IS de 5,75 no ensaio virucida e 5,59 no de pós-tratamento. Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de tomilho e alecrim apresentaram atividade frente ao FCV em diferentes momentos da infecção viral.(AU)


The feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important pathogen of feline causing oral ulcerative lesions and respiratory disease. This virus has been used as a model to evaluate antiviral compounds against Norovirus (NoVs). In this study, the essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens HBK) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were examined for their activity towards FCV, in vitro. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT test and the antiviral assays were performed by the plaque reduction test. Three protocols were applied: a) different non-toxic concentrations of the essential oils (NTCEO) were incubated with the virus for 1 hour before viral inoculation (virucidal assay); b) NTCEO were added to CRFK cells and incubated for 1 hour before viral adsorption (pre-treatment assay); c) NTCEO were added to cells after virus inoculation and maintained for 18 hours (post-treatment assay). The cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC 50 ) for the essential oils of rosemary, mexican oregano, and thyme were: 1300.21 ?g mL -1 ; 435.92 ?g mL -1 and 675.34 ?g mL -1 ; respectively. The essential oil of thyme showed a selectivity index (IS=CC 50 /CI 50 ) of 8.57 at the cell pre-treatment assay and 6.2 at the virucidal assay. The essential oil of rosemary showed antiviral activity at the virucidal assay (IS=6.54) and, also, at the post- treatment assay (IS=6.86). The mexican oregano showed an IS of 5.75 at the virucidal assay and 5.59 at the post-treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that the essential oils of thyme and rosemary show antiviral activity against FCV in different times of the infection.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Thymus serpyllum/therapeutic use , Calicivirus, Feline , Caliciviridae Infections/drug therapy , Norovirus , Rosmarinus/toxicity , Origanum/toxicity , Colorimetry/methods , Phytotherapy
7.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 74-79, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-280292

ABSTRACT

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of cats that causes feline respiratory disease. The reverse genetic systems for FCV have been established in national and international laboratories since 1995. This technique has been used widely in FCV basic research and good progress has consequently been made to determine the relationship between viral genome structures and the function of their proteins, the expression of foreign proteins, virus-host interactions, and viral pathogenic mechanisms. In this article,we review the state of progress with regards to the establishment and application of the FCV reverse genetic operating system,which will provide a useful reference tool for future related research.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Caliciviridae Infections , Virology , Calicivirus, Feline , Genetics , Metabolism , Cat Diseases , Virology , Reverse Genetics , Methods , Viral Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism
8.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 43(2): 560-568, Apr.-June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644471

ABSTRACT

Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) are the two primary causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the distribution of FCV and FHV-1 among the feline population of several counties in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. To this end, conjunctival and nasal swabs were collected from 302 cats from different locations, including households, breeding catteries, veterinary clinics, animal hospitals and experimental research facilities. The samples were collected between July 2006 to June 2009. The virus isolation was performed in CRFK cells and, subsequently, the identification was confirmed by PCR. FCV, FHV-1, or both were isolated from 55 cats from 28 different locations. FCV alone was isolated from 52.7% (29/55) of the animals that tested positively, FHV-1 alone was isolated from 38.2% (21/55) of the animals that tested positively, and co-infection were detected in 9.1% (5/55) of the animals that tested positively. Virus detection was more prevalent in cats that were less than 1 year old, among animals that shared a living space with other cats, and females. FCV and FHV-1 were isolated from vaccinated cats. In addition, both viruses were isolated from cats that showed no signs of disease. The results suggest that a carrier state is common for both viruses in the evaluated population. A search for other causes of respiratory disease in that population is necessary; and further studies relating to the molecular characterization of viruses and vaccine efficacy are also necessary.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Calicivirus, Feline/genetics , Calicivirus, Feline/isolation & purification , Herpesviridae Infections , Herpesviridae/genetics , Herpesviridae/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Cats , Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System , Epidemiologic Methods , Prevalence
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 61(3): 752-754, jun. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-519472

ABSTRACT

A ocorrência da infecção por coronavírus felino (FCoV), herpesvírus felino tipo 1 (FHV-1), calicivírus felino (FCV) e parvovírus felino (FPV) foi investigada mediante a detecção de anticorpos no soro de 97 gatos domésticos de Pelotas, RS, pelo teste de soro-neutralização. Entre os animais estudados, 51 não eram vacinados, 11 haviam sido vacinados contra FHV-1, FCV e FPV com pelo menos uma dose, e 35 tinham histórico de vacinação desconhecido. Foram detectados anticorpos para o FCoV em 75,2% (73/97) dos gatos. Anticorpos contra o FHV-1 estavam presentes em 38,1% (37/97): 73% (8/11) dos gatos vacinados, 39,2% (20/51) dos não vacinados e 25,7% (9/35) dos gatos com histórico de vacinação desconhecido. Anticorpos para o FCV estavam presentes em 56,7% (55/97): 81,8% (9/11) dos gatos vacinados, 52,9% (27/51) dos não vacinados, e 54,3% (19/35) dos gatos com histórico de vacinação desconhecido. Para o FPV, havia anticorpos em 69,1% (67/97): 100% (11/11) dos vacinados, 66,6% (34/51) dos não vacinados e 62,8% (22/35) dos gatos com histórico de vacinação desconhecido. Os resultados sugerem alta exposição ao FCoV, FHV-1, FCV e FPV na população de gatos na área estudada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Calicivirus, Feline/immunology , Coronavirus, Feline/immunology , Cats/immunology , Herpesviridae/immunology , Parvovirus/immunology
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