ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the toxic effects of organic extracts of Calotropis proceraleaves on the survival, development, and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda. Solutions of crude methanol extract and hexane and methanol fractions of C. proceraleaves were added at 1.15% and 2.14% concentrations to the artificial diet of S. frugiperda. The mortality and duration of larval and pupal phases, weights of female and male pupae, deformations of pupae and adults, the reduction of adults able to reproduce, pre-oviposition and oviposition periods, the number of postures per female, and the fecundity and fertility of S. frugiperdafemales were also evaluated. The extracts harmed the survival, development, and reproduction of S. frugiperda. The ingestion of extracts and fractions by caterpillars affected adults by decreasing the oviposition period, the number of postures, fecundity, and fertility. The crude MeOH extract at a2.14% concentration harmed the evaluated parameters of the insect, except for pupal mortality, female pupae weight, and pre-oviposition period. The MeOH fraction at 2.14% caused a 50.0% mortality of caterpillars and 16.0% deformation in pupae and 33.0% inadults, reducing by 72.0% the population able to reproduce. The MeOH fraction at the 2.14% concentration caused 25.0% and 38.0% of pupal mortality and deformation, respectively. Calotropis procerahas promising insecticidal properties for a biological insecticide, a convenient and sustainable strategy for protecting plants against S. frugiperda.
Subject(s)
Spodoptera , Calotropis/toxicityABSTRACT
Treatment with aqueous extract of Calotropis Procera was examined only for short periods. So, The present study was designed to examine the influences of long term administrations of aqueous extract of Calotropis Procera on male and female rabbits. The extract was daily oral administered to thirty adult rabbits divided into two sets each set contain 3 groups [5/each] for a period of 8 weeks. The doses administered were 80 and 40 mg/kg body weight as high and low doses for both male and female test groups. Percentage of body weight change, serum biochemistry [Alanine amino transferases [ALAT], aspartate amino transferases [ASAT], Alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, urea and creatininre], hematological parameters [PCV, WBCs, RBCs, Platelets and Hb] and the blood indices [M.C.V., M.C.H. and M.C.H.C.] were examined. Results showed that there was no mortality or clinical signs observed among the treatment and the control groups. No significant changes in the percentage of body weight gain, hematological parameters, blood indices has been noticed in all treated groups Highly significant decreases in serum total protein and albumin in male and female rabbits has been recorded at high doses. While the globulin and A/G ratio revealed no significant changes. Serum ASAT, urea and creatinine levels were highly significant increases [P < 0.01] and the activity of ALAT and ALP was significant increases [P < 0.05] in male and female rabbits at high doses only. Some toxicological effects were observed after administration of aqueous leaves extract of Calotropis Procera at high doses in the long term for male and females rabbits