ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate a clonal relationship among thermo-tolerant Campylobacter spp. isolates from different stages of the poultry meat supply chain in Argentina. A total of 128 thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. (89 C. jejuni and 39 C. coli) isolates from six poultry meat chains were examined. These isolates were from: a) hens from breeder flocks, b) chickens on the farm (at ages 1 wk and 5 wk), c) chicken carcasses in the slaughterhouse, and d) chicken carcasses in the retail market. Chickens sampled along each food chain were from the same batch. Campylobacter spp. isolates were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare different profiles according to the source. Clustering of C. jejuni isolates resulted in 17 profiles, with four predominant genotypes and many small profiles with just a few isolates or unique patterns, showing a very high degree of heterogeneity among the C. jejuni isolates. Some clusters included isolates from different stages within the same chain, which would indicate a spread of strains along the same poultry meat chain. Moreover, twenty-two strains of C. coli clustered in seven groups and the remaining 17 isolates exhibited unique profiles. Evidence for transmission of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. through the food chain and cross contamination in the slaughterhouses were obtained. This collective evidence should be considered as the scientific basis to implement risk management measures to protect the public health.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la relación clonal entre aislamientos de Campylobacter spp. termotolerantes obtenidos de diferentes etapas de la cadena cárnica aviar en Argentina. En total se examinaron 128 aislamientos de Campylobacter spp. (89 de Campylobacter jejuni y 39 de Campylobacter coli) obtenidos de 6 cadenas cárnicas muestreadas en los siguientes puntos del circuito productivo: a) gallinas reproductoras; b) pollos en las granjas (de una y 5 semanas de edad); c) carcasas de pollo en frigorífico, y d) carcasas de pollo en puntos de venta final. Las muestras de pollos fueron obtenidas a lo largo de las cadenas cárnicas siguiendo el mismo lote. Los aislamientos de Campylobacter spp. fueron analizados mediante electroforesis de campos pulsados y se compararon los diferentes perfiles. Los aislamientos de C. jejuni se agruparon en 17 perfiles, 4 de ellos predominantes y el resto en perfiles que agruparon pocos aislamientos o patrones únicos, lo que ilustra una gran heterogeneidad. Algunos agrupamientos incluyeron aislamientos obtenidos de diferentes etapas de una misma cadena cárnica, lo cual indicaría una dispersión de cepas a lo largo de las cadenas cárnicas. Por otra parte, 22 aislamientos de C. coli se agruparon en 7 grupos y otros 17 aislamientos presentaron perfiles únicos. Se obtuvieron evidencias de transmisión de Campylobacter spp. termotolerante en la cadena cárnica aviary contaminación cruzada en frigoríficos. La evidencia reunida debería servir como base científica para implementar estrategias de manejo del riesgo, destinadas a proteger la salud de los consumidores de carne aviar.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Genetic Variation , Campylobacter , Food Microbiology , Argentina , Poultry , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Campylobacter/genetics , Campylobacter Infections , Chickens/microbiology , Meat/microbiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Campylobacter spp. cause foodborne illnesses in humans primarily through the consumption of contaminated chicken. The aim of this study was to evaluate the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) recommended methodology, protocol MLG 41.02, for the isolation, identification and direct plate counting of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli samples from the broiler slaughtering process. A plating method using both mCCDA and Campy-Cefex agars is recommended to recover Campylobacter cells. It is also possible to use this method in different matrices (cloacal swabs and water samples). Cloacal swabs, samples from pre-chiller and post-chiller carcasses and samples of pre-chiller, chiller and direct supply water were collected each week for four weeks from the same flock at a slaughterhouse located in an abattoir in southern Brazil. Samples were analyzed to directly count Campylobacter spp., and the results showed a high frequency of Campylobacter spp. on Campy-Cefex agar. For the isolated species, 72% were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 38% as Campylobacter coli. It was possible to count Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from different samples, including the water supply samples, using the two-agar method. These results suggest that slaughterhouses can use direct counting methods with both agars and different matrices as a monitoring tool to assess the presence of Campylobacter bacteria in their products.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Chickens/microbiology , Bacterial Load/methods , Food Microbiology , Campylobacter/classification , Campylobacter/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , AbattoirsABSTRACT
Campylobacter coli is an important species involved in human cases of enteritis, and chickens are carriers of the pathogen mainly in developing country. The current study aimed to evaluate the transmission of C. coli and its pathogenic effects in chicken embryos. Breeder hens were inoculated intra-esophageally with C. coli isolated from chickens, and their eggs and embryos were analyzed for the presence of bacteria using real-time PCR and plate culture. The viability of embryos was verified. In parallel, SPF eggs were inoculated with C. coli in the air sac; after incubation, the embryos were submitted to the same analysis as the embryos from breeder hens. In embryos and fertile eggs from breeder hens, the bacterium was only identified by molecular methods; in the SPF eggs, however, the bacterium was detected by both techniques. The results showed no relationship between embryo mortality and positivity for C. coli in the embryos from breeder hens. However, the presence of bacteria is a cause of precocious mortality for SPF embryos. This study revealed that although the vertical transmission is a possible event, the bacteria can not grow in embryonic field samples.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Campylobacter Infections , Chickens , Campylobacter/genetics , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Microbial Viability , Mortality , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Chick Embryo , Methods , VirulenceABSTRACT
Campylobacter insulaenigrae have been isolated from different pinnipeds but not from South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). The aim of this work is to report the first isolation of C. insulaenigrae from South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). The isolate, identified by its phenotypic and molecular characteristics, allow recognizing O. flavescens as a new host for C. insulaenigrae.
Subject(s)
Animals , Campylobacter Infections , Campylobacter/genetics , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Fur Seals , Phenotype , Caniformia/genetics , Genetic Techniques , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in Turkey. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays a key role in control of infection. In this article, the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) was evaluated for detection of M. tuberculosis in urine samples. The performance of the MTD was very good and appropriate for routine laboratory diagnosis.
A tuberculose continua sendo um problema de saúde pública na Turquia. A detecção rápida de Mycobacterium tuberculosis tem um papel importante no controle da infecção. Nesse artigo, avaliou-se o Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Test (MTD) para detecção de M. tuberculosis em amostras de urina. O desempenho do MTD foi muito bom e adequado para diagnóstico laboratorial de rotina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Campylobacter/drug effects , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Chickens/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Animal Husbandry , Campylobacter/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Ireland , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
In 2005, total of 140 samples of duck meat and intestine from slaughterhouses in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, were analyzed for Campylobacter spp. Twenty-eight samples (20%) were positive for Campylobacter spp using the standard culture method (SCM) with 21 samples of C. jejuni and the other 7 C. coli. Forty-four samples (31%) were positive using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, with 34 samples of C. jejuni and 10 of C. coli. This is the first report of Campylobacter contamination in duck in Thailand.
Subject(s)
Animals , Campylobacter/genetics , Culture Techniques , Ducks/microbiology , Meat-Packing Industry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , ThailandABSTRACT
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed on 167 thermophilic campylobacters isolated from non-human primates. Samples were first identified by phenotypic methods resulting in 64 Campylobacter jejuni and 103 C. coli strains. Four strains identified biochemically as C. coli, were then determined to be C. jejuni by PCR. Comparison of methodologies showed that the main discrepancies were attributed to the hippurate hydrolysis test and sensitivity to cephalothin and nalidixic acid. Analysis of data showed that the application of phenotypic methods should be supplemented by a molecular method to offer a more reliable Campylobacter identification.
Subject(s)
Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Campylobacter/classification , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Campylobacter/genetics , Genotype , Macaca fascicularis , Macaca mulatta , Phenotype , SaimiriABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe a 16S rDNA-based nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter gracilis in oral infections. Samples were collected from ten infected root canals, ten cases of acute periradicular abscesses and eight cases of adult marginal periodontitis. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers. A second round of amplification used the first PCR products to detect C. gracilis using oligonucleotide primers designed from species-specific 16S rDNA signature sequences. The nPCR assay used in this study showed a detection limit of 10 C. gracilis cells and no cross-reactivity was observed with nontarget bacteria. C. gracilis was detected in the three types of oral infections investigated - 4/10 infected root canals; 2/10 acute periradicular abscesses; and 1/8 subgingival specimens from adult periodontitis. The method proposed in this study showed both high sensitivity and high specificity to directly detect C. gracilis in samples from root canal infections, abscesses, and subgingival plaque. Our findings confirmed that C. gracilis may be a member of the microbiota associated with distinct oral infections, and its specific role in such diseases requires further clarification
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Campylobacter Infections/microbiology , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , DNA, Ribosomal , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Campylobacter/genetics , DNA Primers , Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology , Periapical Abscess/microbiology , Periodontitis/microbiologyABSTRACT
Twenty four Campylobacter jejuni and coli isolates obtained from Egyptian children were characterized using restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] of flagellin genes and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell and glycine-extracted proteins. The isolates were found to fall into nine polymorphism groups, eight of which were reported previously in Egypt but one group displayed by 3 isolates represented a new group that was not reported before. Furthermore, the relative prevalence of polymorphic groups in the population studied is different from that reported previously. Analysis of whole-cell and acid glycine-extracted proteins showed that the profiles of these isolates are typical profiles of Campylobacters isolated from other humans