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1.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 88(2): 72-77, abr. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-838642

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en los últimos años ha aumentado la incidencia de candidiasis invasiva (CI) a nivel mundial. En nuestro país no se disponen de estudios epidemiológicos sobre CI. El objetivo fue determinar incidencia de CI en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niños del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron los niños con CI hospitalizados entre 1/1/2009-1/6/2014. A partir de los cultivos micológicos se identificaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que desarrollaron CI. Se definió CI al aislamiento de Candida en algún sitio estéril. Se calcularon la densidad de incidencia y de prevalencia. Se registró motivo de ingreso y presencia de factores de riesgo para CI. Resultados: se identificaron 6 casos de CI, incidencia de 1,86 c/1000 ingresos. Los aislamientos se realizaron en hemocultivos (n=3) y líquido peritoneal (n=3). Las especies de Candida aisladas fueron C. albicans (n=3), C. parapsilosis (n=2) y C. tropicalis (n=1). Los factores de riesgo para CI presentes fueron dispositivos invasivos (n=6), antibióticos de amplio espectro (n=6), alimentación parenteral (n=5), cirugía abdominal(n=4). Todos los aislamientos fueron sensibles a los azoles. En 1 de las 6 CI se inició tratamiento empírico previo al aislamiento. Fallecieron 4 de los 6 pacientes. Discusión: la incidencia fue similar a otra experiencia realizada en cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Los pacientes que desarrollaron CI presentaron asociación de factores de riesgo. Los aislamientos fueron sensibles a fluconazol. Caracterizar a estos niños permitirá iniciar en forma oportuna el tratamiento antifúngico. Se destaca la importancia de desarrollar la vigilancia continua sobre las especies de Candida y su patrón de sensibilidad a los antifúngicos.


Introduction: invasive infections by Candida strains have increased around the world in the last years. There are no epidemiological studies on invasive candidiasis (IC) in Uruguay. The study aimed to find out the incidence of IC in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR). Method: a retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. Children hospitalized in PICU of the CHPR between 1/1/2009 and 1/6/2014 were included in the study. The medical records of patients who developed IC were identified based on mycological cultures. Invasive candidiasis was defined as the isolation of the fungus in a sterile site. Incidence and prevalence density were calculated. Cause for hospitalization and risk factors for IC were recorded. Results: six cases of IC were identified and the incidence was of 1.86/1000 hospitalized children in PICU. Isolation of Candida was done in blood cultures (n=3) and peritoneal fluid (n=3). The species of Candida isolated were C. albicans (n=3), C.parapsilosis (n=2) and C. tropicalis (n=1). Risk factors for IC were identified in the 6 cases. Use of invasive prosthesis and a wide spectrum antibiotics were identified in the 6 cases, as well as parenteral nutrition (n=5) and abdominal surgery (n=4). All isolations of Candida were sensitive to fluconazole. Antifungal empiric treatment was started in one case prior to the isolation of Candida. Four out of six children died. Discussion: the incidence of IC found was similar to that in another study in a PICU. Children who developed IC presented several risk factors for IC. The 6 isolations of Candida were sensitive to fluconazole. Analyzing the clinical features of these children will allow the identification of patients with high risk of IC and to timely initiate antifungal treatment. It is necessary to maintain a continuous surveillance on Candida species and their sensitivity pattern to antifungal medication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candidiasis, Invasive/etiology , Candidiasis, Invasive/epidemiology , Uruguay , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child, Hospitalized , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Incidence , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Candidiasis, Invasive , Candidiasis, Invasive/mortality , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 7(2): 07-14, dic 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-884769

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: las infecciones fúngicas son frecuentes en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, debida a múltiples factores predisponentes. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de infecciones fúngicas y las características clínicas de los pacientes afectados. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en pacientes adultos internados en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) en el año 2013. Resultados: fueron incluidos 1034 pacientes, encontrándose 85 con infección por hongos (prevalencia 8,22%). Las especies más frecuentemente aisladas fueron: Cándida spp. (51,76%), C. tropicalis (27,06%) y C. albicans (14,12%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial (91,76%), diabetes mellitus (44,71%) y obesidad (28,24%). Los sitios de aislamientos predominantes fueron el urocultivo (51,76%), hemocultivo (22,35%) y secreción traqueal (21,18%). Hubo 26 óbitos (30,59%). Los factores asociados al óbito fueron los score APACHE y SOFA elevados. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de infecciones fúngicas fue 8,22%, con predominio de Cándida spp. La mortalidad fue 30,59%.


ABSTRACT Introduction: fungal infections are common in intensive care units due to multiple risk factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of fungal infections and clinical characteristics of affected patients. Methodology: observational, descriptive and retrospective study, conducted in adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Service of the National Hospital (Itauguá, Paraguay) in 2013. Results: 1034 patients were included, been 85 with patients affected fungal infection (prevalence 8, 22%). The most frequently isolated species were: Candida spp. (51.76%), C. tropicalis (27.06%) and C. albicans (14.12%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (91.76%), diabetes mellitus (44.71%) and obesity (28.24%). Predominant sites of isolation were urine culture (51.76%), blood culture (22.35%) and tracheal secretion (21.18%). There were 26 deaths (30.59%). Factors associated with death were the high APACHE score and SOFA. Conclusions: The prevalence of fungal infections were 8.22%, with a predominance of Candida spp. Mortality was 30.59%.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Candida albicans , Candidiasis, Invasive/mortality , Candidiasis, Invasive/blood , Intensive Care Units , Comorbidity , Containment of Biohazards
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(2): 118-122, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592093

ABSTRACT

Invasive candidiasis (IC) epidemiology has changed in critically ill patients and limited data are available in Chile. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and microbiological profile of IC in critically ill patients. Methods: Observational prospective study conducted from October 2001 to August 2003 in critically ill adults with suspected or confirmed IC. Results: 53 patients met criteria for IC, finding 18 (33.9 percent) candidemias, 22 (41.5 percent) disseminated IC, and 13 (24.5 percent) local IC. We identified 8 (44.4 percent) C. albicans and 10 (55.6 percent) non-albicans Candida in candidemias. C. tropicalis was the predominant non-albicans species (27.7 percent). An 88.8 percent of Candidas sp recovered in candidemias were fluconazole susceptible. Overall hospital mortality was 24.5 percent. Mortality in candidemia was significantly lower than in disseminated IC (16.6 vs 31.8 percent, p = 0.02). Conclusions: A higher proportion of non-albicans Candida was observed in candidemias from critically ill patients. However, most of these strains were fluconazole susceptible. A lower overall mortality was observed in candidemias.


La epidemiología de candidiasis invasora (CI) ha cambiado, lo cual no ha sido suficientemente estudiado en Chile. Objetivo: Describir el perfil epidemiológico y microbiológico de CI en pacientes críticos. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo entre octubre 2001 y agosto 2003, en pacientes críticos adultos con sospecha o confimnación de CI. Resultados: 53 pacientes cumplieron criterios de CI. De ellos, 18 (33,9 por ciento) tuvieron candidemia, 22(41,5 por ciento) CI diseminada y 13(24,5 por ciento) CI local. Entre las candidemias, hubo 8 C. albicans (44,4 por ciento) y 10 Candida no albicans (55,6 por ciento), predominando C. tropicalis (27,7 por ciento). Un 88,8 por ciento de las candidemias fueron susceptibles a fluconazol. La mortalidad hospitalaria global fue 24,5 por ciento, significativamente menor en pacientes con candidemias vs CI diseminada (16,6 vs 31,8 por ciento, p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Se observó una mayor proporción de Candida no albicans en candidemias de pacientes críticos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas cepas fue susceptible a fluconazol. La mortalidad global fue menor en candidemias.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Candidiasis, Invasive/mortality , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candidiasis, Invasive/drug therapy , Candidiasis, Invasive/microbiology , Hospital Mortality , Hospitals, University , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
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