ABSTRACT
Cantharidin provides chemical protection for the coleopteran families Meloidae and Oedemeridae. In the present study, it was observed that cantharidin concentration in Hycleus scabiosae was slightly decreased from mated females (mean = 0.011 mg/mg of dry weight) to males (mean = 0.010 mg/mg) and considerably diminished in relation to virgin females (mean = 0.005 mg/mg). Significant concentrations of palasonin (21.69 ng/mg among virgins and 17.49 ng/mg in mated females) and palasoninimide (14.62 ng/mg in virgins and 9.17 ng/mg in mated females) were found in H. scabiosae. Palasonin, palasoninimide and cantharidinimide content of eggs were measured as 5.61, 7.69 and 7.80 ng/mg respectively. Surprisingly, males showed no trace of cantharidin-related compounds (CRCs); therefore CRCs in H. scabiosae could not be transferred from males to females and based on experiments employing its deuterated form, cantharidin is probably independently synthesized in females from the male nuptial transfer. An inseminated female incorporates about 38.5 ng of cantharidin (0.34 percent of the maternal content), 196.35 ng of palasonin (91.82 percent of maternal content) and 269.15 ng of palasoninimide (96.70 percent maternal content) into each egg mass during oviposition. It seems that eggs of this meloid species exploit a different array of protective chemicals by increasing the ratio of CRCs versus cantharidin. CRCs are less toxic than cantharidin; therefore, such compounds might have been deposited in eggs as a safer substitute for cantharidin to provide effective protection, but does not simultaneously harm the susceptible embryo.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Coleoptera/physiology , Cantharidin/metabolism , Cantharidin/chemistry , Blister , Cantharidin/toxicity , Sex Factors , Age FactorsABSTRACT
The anti-cancer therapeutic promise of cantharidin is limited because of its high mammalian toxicity. In order to find new anti-cancer lead compounds with reduced toxicity of the cantharidin prototype, the following seven derivatives were screened against the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro: 2,3-dimethyl-7-oxabicylo-[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (cantharidin) [1], 1-cyclohexen-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride [2], cis-4-cyclohexen-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride [3], cis-1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride [4], exo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-3 dicarboxylic anhydride [5], exo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (norcantharidin) [6], and (S)-(-)-O-acetylmalic anhydride [7]. Cantharidin, was found to be the most effective anti-proliferative compound on both cell lines. However, on the human neuroblastoma cells cantharidin was of equal toxicity to compound [6]. Mode of action studies revealed that cantharidin inhibited growth factor-mediated activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPkinase) and attenuated the de-phosphorylation of the extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1 and erk2)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anhydrides/toxicity , Cantharidin/toxicity , Enzyme Inhibitors/toxicity , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured , /pharmacology , Extracellular Matrix/drug effects , Extracellular Matrix/enzymology , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neuroblastoma/drug therapy , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/drug effects , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effectsABSTRACT
Esta colaboración trata de explicar lo relativo de los conceptos manejados en relación a los venenos animales y su acción terapéutica homeopática a través de la dinamización hahnemanniana. Las diferencias entre su acción tóxica y patogenética; su justificación a través de los parágrafos 19, 20 y 110 del Organón de Hahnemann. El planteo que otros conceptos son posibles en ciencia y la sugerencia de tender a una epistemología homeopática