ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar os níveis de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor no pós-operatório imediato e com 24 horas de pós-operatório com o volume de sangramento tansoperatório. Métodos: Foram analisados vinte e um pacientes alocados imediatamente antes do transplante hepático (eletivo ou de urgência), com coleta de amostras sanguíneas para análise de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor em três diferentes momentos: imediatamente antes do transplante hepático (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório), imediatamente após o procedimento cirúrgico (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pós-operatório imediato) e após 24 horas do final da cirurgia (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor 24 horas pós-operatório). O principal desfecho do estudo foi correlacionar os níveis de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório e de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pós-operatório imediato com perda sanguínea no transoperatório. Resultados: Houve correlação entre thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório e o volume de sangramento (ρ = -0,469; p = 0,05), mas não de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pós-operatório imediato (ρ = -0,062; p = 0,79). Em análise de regressão linear, nenhuma das variáveis incluídas (hemoglobina pré, fibrinogênio pré e thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório) se mostrou preditor de sangramento. Houve tendência semelhante na variação entre os níveis de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor durante os três diferentes momentos e os níveis de fibrinogênio. Pacientes que evoluíram a óbito em até 6 meses (14,3%) apresentaram níveis diminuídos de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório e de thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pós-operatório imediato, comparando-se aos sobreviventes (pré-operatório: 1,3 ± 0,15 versus 2,55 ± 0,53; p = 0,06; e pós-operatório imediato: 1,2 ± 0,15 versus 2,5 ± 0,42; p = 0,007). Conclusão: Houve correlação moderada entre thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório e o sangramento transoperatório em transplante hepático, porém seu papel preditivo independente de outras variáveis ainda permaneceu incerto. Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor pré-operatório e pós-operatório imediato podem ter um papel na avaliação da sobrevida dessa população, necessitando-se confirmar em novos estudos, de maior tamanho amostral.
ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in the immediate postoperative period and at 24 hours postoperatively with the volume of intraoperative bleeding. Methods: Twenty-one patients allocated immediately before (elective or emergency) liver transplantation were analyzed. Blood samples were collected for thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor analysis at three different time points: immediately before liver transplantation (preoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor), immediately after the surgical procedure (immediate postoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor), and 24 hours after surgery (thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor 24 hours after surgery). The primary outcome of the study was to correlate the preoperative and immediate postoperative levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor with intraoperative blood loss. Results: There was a correlation between the preoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels and bleeding volume (ρ = -0.469; p = 0.05) but no correlation between the immediate postoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and bleeding volume (ρ = -0.062; p = 0.79). No variable included in the linear regression analysis (prehemoglobin, prefibrinogen and preoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) was a bleeding predictor. There was a similar trend in the variation between the levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor at the three different time points and fibrinogen levels. Patients who died within 6 months (14.3%) showed decreased preoperative and immediate postoperative levels of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis compared with survivors (preoperative: 1.3 ± 0.15 versus 2.55 ± 0.53, p = 0.06; immediate postoperative: 1.2 ± 0.15 versus 2.5 ± 0.42, p = 0.007). Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between preoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and intraoperative bleeding in liver transplantation patients, although the predictive role of this variable independent of other variables remains uncertain. Preoperative and immediate postoperative thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels may have a role in the survival prognosis of this population; however, this possibility requires confirmation in further studies with larger sample sizes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Blood Loss, Surgical , Liver Transplantation/methods , Carboxypeptidase B2/metabolism , Postoperative Period , Time Factors , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Linear Models , Pilot Projects , Liver Transplantation/mortality , Preoperative Period , Middle AgedABSTRACT
To evaluate subclinical inflammation and fibrinolysis in low-risk type 2 diabetic subjects and to assess the efficacy of metformin and rosiglitazone in this group Sixty-one normotensive, normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic subjects without diabetes-related complications were included in a 4-week standardization period with glimepiride. After the standardization period, 21 subjects were excluded and the remaining 40 were randomly divided into two groups matched for age, gender, body mass index and disease duration. The first group [n = 20] received metformin [1,700 mg/day], the second group [n = 20] rosiglitazone [4 mg/day] for 12 weeks. Patients with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol higher than 130 mg/dl at the beginning of the randomization period were treated with simvastatin [maximum dose 20 mg/day]. Twenty-three healthy controls were also recruited. Cytokine measurements were performed with ELISA kits Baseline plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1] level of type 2 diabetic subjects was significantly elevated [p = 0.038], but baseline levels of soluble CD40 ligand [sCD40L] and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor-1 [TAFI] antigen did not differ from healthy controls. Twelve weeks of metformin or rosiglitazone therapy did not cause significant changes in sCD40L, PAI-1 and TAFI antigen levels. In simvastatin-treated subjects [n = 9] significant reductions of PAI-1 were achieved [p = 0.028], while sCD40L and TAFI-Ag did not differ from baseline values. Our results showed that nonobese diabetic patients at low cardiovascular risk had similar levels of subclinical markers of inflammation and fibrinolysis as matched healthy controls. Neither metformin nor rosiglitazone caused marked changes in sCD40L, PAI-1 and TAFI antigen levels. A subset of patients who received simvastatin showed a modest decrease in PAI-1 level and could contribute to beneficial vasculoprotective effect of the drug in type 2 diabetics