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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(3): 245-252, 15/09/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362144

ABSTRACT

Even though traumatic dissection of cervical arterial vessels is themajor cause of stroke among adults, it is still an underdiagnosed disease in neurosurgical emergencies, since most patients do not have or present subtle clinical signs in the acute phase. The authors report two interesting cases of cervical artery dissection with different traumatic mechanisms and present a broad literature review about this subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/mortality , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/epidemiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Prognosis , Vertebral Artery/anatomy & histology , Carotid Artery, Internal/anatomy & histology
2.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 79(3): 336-340, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058705

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Un síndrome caracterizado por dolor cervical y un apófisis estiloides alargado fue descrito por primera vez por Watt Eagle en 1937. Aunque el síndrome de Eagle en su variante vascular es raro y no es reconocido como causa clara de disección carotídea, en los últimos años ha sido reportado un incremento del número de casos de disección carotídea causada por una apófisis estiloides alargada. Paciente de 56 años que acudió al servicio de urgencias por paresia facial izquierda aguda y habla confusa. Presentaba dolor cervical de dos días de evolución, relacionado con un ataque de tos. Se activó el código ictus y la tomografía computarizada (TC) mostró isquemia del lóbulo temporal derecho y disección bilateral de la arteria carótida interna. La angio-TC de los troncos supraaórticos con reconstrucción tridimensional, identificó una apófisis estiloides alargado en ambos lados. El paciente fue sometido a una angioplastía con colocación de dos stents. Debido al alto riesgo de padecer nuevo ictus, se decidió realizar tratamiento quirúrgico. Para el lado derecho se realizó un abordaje transoral y en el izquierdo un abordaje abierto. La apófisis estiloides alargado es una causa importante de disección carotídea y de las complicaciones cerebrovasculares relacionadas.


ABSTRACT A syndrome characterized by cervical pain and an abnormally elongated styloid process was first described by Watt Eagle in 1937. Even though vascular Eagle syndrome is uncommon and is not well recognized as a cause for carotid artery dissection, in the last few years there have been an increasing number of case reports of carotid artery dissection caused by an elongated styloid process. A 56 years old man presented to the emergency department with acute left facial weakness and slurred speech. He complained of two days neck pain, related to a coughing fit. The code stroke protocol was activated and imaging showed a right temporal bone stroke and a bilateral internal carotid artery dissection. A scan angiography of the supra-aortic vessels with 3D reconstruction was performed showing a bilateral abnormally elongated styloid process. The patient underwent angioplasty with two stent placements. Due to the high risk of recurrent strokes, the patient was evaluated in the otolaryngology department for styloid process resection. Finally a transoral approach for the right side and an open approach for the left side were performed. We have to consider an elongated styloid process as an important cause of carotid artery dissection and subsequent cerebrovascular complications


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ossification, Heterotopic/complications , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Stroke/etiology , Temporal Bone/abnormalities , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Angioplasty , Neck Pain/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging
4.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 34(4): 331-334, dez.2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-2525

ABSTRACT

Arterial dissection of the wall of the carotid artery is a recognized and significant cause of stroke. We described a 22-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a motorcycle accident. He had a right acetabular fracture and had not complained of other symptoms. A few minutes after being admitted, the patient developed left side hemiparesis. Emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acute ischemia in the left basal ganglia. Conventional angiography confirmed almost complete occlusion of carotid artery lumen. We treated the patient with antiplatelet therapy and he is currently followed at the outpatient clinic with good recovery of motor symptoms. Early identification and management of cervical artery dissection is important, as it is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke in young adults. Despite previous published articles, the best treatment of carotid artery dissection, especially after trauma, remains controversial.


Dissecação da parede da artéria carótida interna é uma causa reconhecida de acidente vascular cerebral. Descrevemos um jovem de 22 anos admitido na emergência após acidente motociclístico. Inicialmente foi diagnosticado somente fratura acetabular, sem nenhuma outra queixa pelo paciente. Poucos minutos após admissão, o paciente evoluiu com hemiparesia esquerda. Encaminhado a ressonânciamagnética do encéfalo em caráter de urgência, identificou-se isquemia aguda nos gânglios da base à esquerda. Angiografia convencional demonstrou oclusão quase completa da artéria carótida interna. O caso foi tratado com terapia antiagregante plaquetária e atualmente o


Dissecação da parede da artéria carótida interna é uma causa reconhecida de acidente vascular cerebral. Descrevemos um jovem de 22 anos admitido na emergência após acidente motociclístico. Inicialmente foi diagnosticado somente fratura acetabular, sem nenhuma outra queixa pelo paciente. Poucos minutos após admissão, o paciente evoluiu com hemiparesia esquerda. Encaminhado a ressonânciamagnética do encéfalo em caráter de urgência, identificou-se isquemia aguda nos gânglios da base à esquerda. Angiografia convencional demonstrou oclusão quase completa da artéria carótida interna. O caso foi tratado com terapia antiagregante plaquetária e atualmente o paciente está em acompanhamento ambulatorial com boa recuperação dos sintomas motores. Como uma das maiores causas de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico em jovens, a identificação precoce emanejo da dissecação cervical é importante. A depeito dos trabalhos previamente publicados, o melhor tratamento para a dissecação carótidea, especialmente após trauma, permanece controversa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging , Ischemic Stroke/complications , Anticoagulants
5.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 33: 63-71, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665162

ABSTRACT

Las disecciones arteriales, tanto extracraneanas como intracraneanas, son una patología que con el advenimiento de nuevas y más avanzadas formas de imagenología, han aumentado progresivamente en frecuencia, lo que obliga a su mayor comprensión. Esto nos obliga a manejar de mejor forma esta enfermedad, tanto desde el punto de vista etiopatogénico, como dominar su clínica y sospechar su presencia, para aplicar los medios diagnósticos más adecuados, y proceder a su terapia inmediata, la cual tanto del punto de vista de la terapia médica intensiva, como la quirúrgica y endovascular, se encuentran en pleno desarrollo, y frecuentemente se deben tomar decisiones caso por caso. Estos son los conceptos básicos, y más actualizados, que se exponen en ésta revisión.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnosis , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Vertebral Artery Dissection/diagnosis , Vertebral Artery Dissection/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/physiopathology , Vertebral Artery Dissection/etiology , Vertebral Artery Dissection/physiopathology , Endovascular Procedures , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Thrombolytic Therapy
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; Arq. neuropsiquiatr;66(4): 922-927, dez. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-500589

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous cervical arterial dissection (SCAD) is a non-traumatic tear or disruption in the wall of the internal carotid arteries or the vertebral arteries. It accounts for about 25 percent of strokes in patients aged under 45 years. Awareness of its clinical features and advances in imaging over the last two decades have contributed to earlier identification of this condition. SCAD has become the commonest form of vascular lesion identified in the cervical carotid and vertebral arteries, second only to atherosclerosis. This review is an update on the epidemiology, vulnerable arterial segments, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, current treatment and prognosis of SCAD.


Dissecção arterial cervical espontânea (DACE) é uma laceração ou ruptura na parede de artérias cervicais responsáveis pela irrigação sanguínea cerebral: artérias carótidas internas e artérias vertebrais. É responsável por cerca de 25 por cento dos acidentes vasculares cerebrais isquêmicos em pacientes abaixo de 45 anos de idade. Ao longo das duas últimas décadas, com a maior conscientização sobre suas manifestações clínicas e o avanço das técnicas de neuroimagem, a DACE tem sido diagnosticada mais precocemente, tornando-se o tipo de lesão vascular mais comumente identificado nas artérias cervicais, sendo superada apenas pelas lesões ateroscleróticas. Esta revisão é uma atualização sobre a epidemiologia, segmentos arteriais mais vulneráveis, fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico da DACE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnosis , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Vertebral Artery Dissection/diagnosis , Vertebral Artery Dissection/therapy , Prognosis , Risk Factors
7.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr;43(1): 17-24, 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-498179

ABSTRACT

La disección de arteria carótida da cuenta de aproximadamente un 20 por ciento de los accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) isquémicos de pacientes jóvenes. En este grupo se detectan angiográficamente entre un 5 y 40 por ciento de formación de pseudoaneurismas. Objetivos. Presentar tres casos de disección espontánea de la arteria carótida interna extracraneana con formación de pseudoaneurisma y analizar la literatura en relación a la evolución natural de la enfermedad y las alternativas terapéuticas descritas, para definir la conducta terapéutica más adecuada. Métodos. Se revisan 3 casos de pseudoaneurisma carotídeo observados durante 2002 en el servicio de neurología de nuestra institución. Utilizando las palabras claves: pseudoaneurisma, diseccion de arteria carótida interna extracraneana, se hizo una búsqueda en Medline, revistas especializadas de neurología y neurocirugía entre los años 1980 y 2004. Resultados. Los tres casos presentados tuvieron un comportamiento benigno en el tiempo. No hubo evidencia de ruptura o embolización de los pseudoaneurismas durante los 22 meses de seguimiento. Los dos primeros casos presentaron una reducción significativa del tamaño del pseudoaneurisma, un 70 y 90 por ciento, respectivamente. El tercer caso presentó un pseudoaneurisma contralateral a disección carotídea sintomática, que se mantuvo sin cambios en los controles angiográficos. Todos los casos fueron manejados con anticoagulación inicial y luego con aspirinas. Conclusiones. Nuestros casos clínicos tuvieron un comportamiento benigno, al igual que lo reportado en la literatura. Dado el buen pronóstico de esta patología, un manejo conservador parece lo más razonable.


Carotid artery dissections are responsible for aproximately 20 percent of ischemic stroke in young adults. Pseudoaneurysms are detected angiographically in 5 percent-40 percent of carotid artery dissections. Objetives. To present three cases of carotid artery dissection with pseudoaneurysm formation and analyze literature in terms of the natural evolution and therapeutic alternatives of the disease in order to determine the best options for treatment. Methods. Tree carotid artery pseudoaneurysm cases presented during 2002 in our Department of Neurosurgery were reviewed. Research was done using Medline and specialized Neurology and Neurosurgery articles published between 1980 and 2003, using the key words pseudoaneurysm and extracranial carotid artery dissection. Results. The clinical course of the three cases presented was benign. There was no evidence of rupture or embolization of the pseudoaneuriysm during the 22 month mean follow-up period. The size of the pseudoaneurysm was reduced significantly in the first and second cases, 70 percent and 90 percent, respectively. The third case had a contralateral pseudoneurysm to the symptomatic carotid artery dissection, which remained unchanged in the angiographic controls. All cases were treated early with anticoagulants followed by antiplatelet therapy. Conclusions. Our cases had a benign outcome, as did those reported in literature. With this good prognosis, conservative management seems to be most reasonable course of action.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Aneurysm, False/therapy , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnosis , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/therapy , Risk Factors
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