Gestión del capital venoso de los recién nacidos hospitalizados: catéter de línea media (CM) con técnica adaptada. Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Público de Chile / Venous capital management of hospitalized newborns: midline catheter (MC) with adapted technique. Neonatology Service, Chilean public hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: El catéter midline o de línea media (CM) es un dispositivo de acceso vascular que mide de 6 a 20cm, con la punta del dispositivo ubicado en venas basílica, braquial o cefálica debajo del pliegue axilar. El catéter de línea media se caracteriza por ser un acceso confiable y proporcionar menores complicaciones que un catéter intravenoso periférico corto. Este tipo de dispositivo vascular se ha utilizado ampliamente en adultos, pero faltan estudios desarrollados en el área neonatal. OBJETIVO: fue describir las características de la utilización de catéter midline con técnica adaptada en recién nacidos hospitalizados con necesidad de terapia intravascular en un hospital público de Chile, durante 2 años de seguimiento. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva, estuvo orientada a la identificación de las variables relacionadas a: tiempo de permanencia, características de la terapia intravascular, sitio de inserción, complicaciones y causa de retiro. RESULTADOS: La muestra estuvo conformada por 163 usuarios entre 24 y 41 semanas de edad gestacional, peso de nacimiento en un rango de 500 y 4880 gramos. El 87,7% se retiró por término de tratamiento intravascular, mientras que el 12,3% del total de los CM presentó complicaciones. El promedio de rendimiento del CM fue de 7,99 días, el sitio de inserción más frecuente correspondió a extremidad superior derecha, mientras que su utilización estuvo dada principalmente para fleboterapia, antibióticos y nutrición parenteral periférica. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el CM con técnica adaptada en usuarios neonatales presenta una alta tasa de éxito para completar la terapia intravascular periférica y bajo porcentaje de complicaciones.

INTRODUCTION: The midline catheter (MC) is a vascular access device measuring 6 to 20cm, with the tip of the device located in the basilic, brachial or cephalic veins below the axillary crease. The midline catheter is characterized as a reliable access and provides fewer complications than a short peripheral intravenous catheter. This type of vascular device has been widely used in adults, but studies developed in the neonatal area are lacking. OBJECTIVE: to describe the characteristics of the use of midline catheter with adapted technique in hospitalized newborns in need of intravascular therapy in a public hospital in Chile, during 2 years of follow-up. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive and retrospective research was oriented to the identification of variables related to: length of stay, characteristics of intravascular therapy, site of insertion, complications and cause of withdrawal. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 163 users between 24 and 41 weeks of gestational age, birth weight in the range of 500 and 4880 grams. Eighty-seven point seven percent were withdrawn due to the end of intravascular treatment, while 12.3% of the total MC presented complications. The average MC performance was 7.99 days, the most frequent insertion site corresponded to the right upper extremity, while its use was mainly for phlebotherapy, antibiotics and peripheral parenteral parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSION: The MC with adapted technique in neonatal users presents a high success rate to complete peripheral intravascular therapy and a low percentage of complications.

The timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of the anticoagulation in patients suffered from perioperative pericardial tamponade during atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and uninterrupted dabigatran: Experiences from 20 cases / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of the anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) suffered from perioperative pericardial tamponade during atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and uninterrupted dabigatran. Methods: A total of 20 patients with pericardial tamponade, who underwent AF catheter ablation with uninterrupted dabigatran in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2019 to August 2021, were included in this retrospective analysis. The clinical characteristics of enrolled patients, information of catheter ablation procedures, pericardial tamponade management, perioperative complications, the timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of anticoagulation were analyzed. Results: All patients underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardial effusion drainage was successful in all patients. The average drainage volume was (427.8±527.4) ml. Seven cases were treated with idarucizumab, of which 1 patient received surgical repair. The average timing of pericardial drainage catheter removal and restart of anticoagulation in 19 patients without surgical repair was (1.4±0.7) and (0.8±0.4) days, respectively. No new bleeding, embolism and death were reported during hospitalization and within 30 days following hospital discharge. Time of removal of pericardial drainage catheter, restart of anticoagulation and hospital stay were similar between patients treated with idarucizumab or not. Conclusion: It is safe and reasonable to remove pericardial drainage catheter and restart anticoagulation as soon as possible during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation with uninterrupted dabigatran independent of the idarucizumab use or not in case of confirmed hemostasis.

Early discharge for patients with benign pleural effusions using a Wayne catheter (pigtail) chest drain - analysis of safety, complications, and quality of life / Alta precoce para pacientes com derrames pleurais benignos em uso de dreno pleural de Wayne (pigtail) - análise de segurança, complicações e qualidade de vida

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess safety, efficacy and quality of life in patients with benign pleural effusions undergong pleural drainage with Wayne pleural catheter (DW) in an outpatient setting. Method: this is a prospective study, in which 47 patients were evaluated between July 2017 and October 2018. Patients with non-malignant pleural effusions underwent pleural drainage with clinical evolution compatible with outpatient care were included. Patients who underwent drainage due to other conditions and patients were excluded. Results: after catheter placement, the mean length of hospital stay was 3.14 (± 3.85) days, and 21 patients (44.68%) were discharged within 24 hours. The mean time with the catheter was 12.63 (± 7.37) days. The analysis of the pleural fluid was transudate in 87.3% of cases and exudate in 12.3%. The causes of pleural effusion were heart failure (72.3%), renal failure (19.1%), liver failure (6.3%) and pneumonia (8.5%). The quality of life, analyzed according to the parameters of the questionnaire SF 36, showed low average values when compared to other studies. Analyzing each descriptor, the average was greater only in the limitation related to physical aspects. In the other descriptors, the results were similar, but smaller. Conclusion: the outpatient use of pleural catheters of the Wayne type (pigtail) proved to be feasible, safe and with a low associated infection rate. This is a viable option for selected patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a segurança, a eficácia, as complicações e a qualidade de vida da alta precoce e acompanhamento ambulatorial de pacientes com derrames pleurais benignos submetidos à drenagem pleural com dreno de Wayne (DW). Método: estudo prospectivo, em que foram avaliados 47 pacientes entre julho de 2017 e outubro de 2018. Foram incluídos os pacientes com derrames pleurais não malignos, submetidos a drenagem pleural com evolução clínica compatível com o cuidado ambulatorial. Foram excluídos os pacientes submetidos a drenagem por outras afecções. Resultados: após a drenagem, a média do tempo de internação dos pacientes foi de 3,14 (±3,85) dias, sendo que 21 pacientes (44,68%) tiveram alta em até 24 horas após a drenagem. O tempo médio de permanência com o dreno foi de 12,63 (±7,37) dias. A análise do líquido pleural mostrou tratar-se de transudato em 87,3% dos casos e de exsudato em 12,3%. Dentre as causas do derrame pleural, destacaram-se insuficiência cardíaca (72,3%), insuficiência renal (19,1%), hepatopatias (6,3%) e pneumonias (8,5%). A qualidade de vida, analisada segundo os parâmetros do questionário SF 36, teve valores médios baixos, principalmente em relação a outros estudos. Na análise de cada descritor, a média apresentou-se maior somente na limitação por aspectos físicos. Nos demais descritores, os resultados foram semelhantes, mas menores. Conclusão: o uso ambulatorial de cateteres pleurais do tipo Wayne (pigtail) mostrou-se factível, seguro e com baixa taxa de infecções associadas. Trata-se de opção viável para pacientes selecionados.

Efecto del catéter de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas / The impact of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula permeability

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que tiene el uso de catéteres de hemodiálisis en la permeabilidad de fístulas arteriovenosas. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, tipo cohorte retrospectiva. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 195 pacientes, seleccionados aleatoriamente a partir del total de pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) terminal, a quienes se les realizó su primera fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2018. Como variables resultado se consideraron la trombosis de FAV y el tiempo de permeabilidad. Para el análisis inferencial se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado; RR (IC 95%); curvas Kaplan-Meier; regresión de Cox; considerando un valor de p significativo < 0,05. Resultados: El 52,3% utilizó catéter de hemodiálisis, de los cuales el 49,5% presentó trombosis de su FAV versus el 17,7% del grupo sin este antecedente (p < 0,001); estimándose en el análisis univariado un riesgo de trombosis 2,7 veces mayor en pacientes con catéter previo a la confección de su FAV (IC 95% 1,7 a 4,4). En el análisis multivariado, se identificó como único factor significativo el antecedente de catéter de hemodiálisis, estimándose que los pacientes usuarios de catéter previo a la confección de su FAV tienen 2,8 veces más riesgo de trombosis en el tiempo que quienes no utilizaron catéter (IC 95% 1,6 a 4,9), quienes además presentaron un tiempo de permeabilidad significativamente menor (p < 0,001) en comparación con pacientes sin antecedente de catéter (28,1 vs 43,9 meses). Conclusión: Identificamos el uso del catéter de hemodiálisis como un factor de riesgo de trombosis de fístulas arteriovenosas, afectando significativamente su permeabilidad en el tiempo.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of hemodialysis catheter on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) permeability. Materials and Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including 195 patients randomly selected from all patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure, who had their first arteriovenous fistula between January 2014 and December 2018. The outcomes were arteriovenous fistula thrombosis and permeability. For data analysis we used Chi-square test; Relative-Risk (CI 95%); Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression; p value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The 52.3% of the patients used hemodialysis catheter, from this group, the 49.5% had AVF thrombosis versus the 17.7% of the group without history of hemodialysis catheter (p < 0.001), estimating in the univariate analysis a risk of thrombosis 2.7 times higher in patients with catheter before the creation of their AVF (CI 95% 1.7 a 4.4), as well as, in the multivariate analysis the risk of AVF thrombosis was 2.8 times higher in this group of patients, being identified the history of hemodialysis catheter as the only significative risk factor for thrombosis. Additionally, the AVF permeability time in this group was significantly less (p < 0.001) than patients without history of hemodialysis catheter (28.1 vs 43.9 months). Conclusion: We identified the hemodialysis catheter as a risk factor of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, decreasing significantly its permeability time.

Desfechos clínicos e microbiológicos no uso de cateter venoso periférico: subsídios para assistência segura ao paciente / Clinical and microbiological outcomes in the use of peripheral venous catheters: subsidies for safe patient care

Os cateteres venosos periféricos (CVP) são produtos para saúde (PPS) comumente utilizados em pacientes hospitalizados para administração de fluidos, medicamentos, e monitoramento hemodinâmico. No entanto, podem representar fonte potencial de contaminação microbiana, formação de biofilme e infecção. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar indicadores clínicos e microbiológicos associados ao uso do CVP. Trata-se de um estudo observacional realizado em duas etapas: Etapa I - Seguimento longitudinal prospectivo dos pacientes hospitalizados em uso contínuo de CVP flexível com a caracterização dos pacientes submetidos à cateterização venosa periférica, bem como frequência dos sinais e sintomas de agravos associados ao uso de CVP. Além disso, a Etapa II - Avaliação das condições microbiológicas, incluindo a presença de biofilme em CVP flexíveis dos pacientes hospitalizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), e a associação entre os aspectos clínicos dos pacientes com os microbiológicos em diferentes locais dos CVP flexíveis (superfícies internas e externas). O seguimento longitudinal prospectivo de 67 pacientes hospitalizados em uso contínuo de CVP flexível, bem como a coleta das amostras de CVP flexíveis foram realizados em unidades de internação do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. Antes da avaliação microbiológica, todas as amostras de CVP flexíveis foram examinadas em termos de integridade e aparência (sujidade). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de qui-quadrado (x2) de Pearson com α=5%. Os 67 pacientes hospitalizados eram de ambos os sexos, média de idade de 55,8 anos, com tempo médio de permanência do CVP flexível de 43,0h. Ainda, em relação aos locais de inserção dos CVP flexíveis, 98,5% estavam em membros superiores: braços (44,7%), mãos (35,8%) e antebraços (17,0%), e destes, 75,0% apresentavam cobertura (curativo adesivo) transparente. Aproximadamente, um em cada quadro pacientes apresentou sinais e sintomas de agravos associados ao uso do CVP flexível. Staphylococcus spp foram os micro-organismos mais prevalente nas amostras. Além disso, não houve associação entre a avaliação clínica e a presença nas superfícies internas e externas de micro-organismo no CVP flexível, respectivamente (x² =1,522; gl=1; p=0,217) e (x²=2,405; gl=1; p=0,121). A MEV evidenciou diferenças morfológicas (textura e espessura) entre as camadas das superfícies internas e externas dos CVP flexíveis, bem como a presença de célula epitelial, matéria orgânica, extensa rede de fibrina com células sanguíneas e bactéria na forma de bastonete. Em conclusão, esta pesquisa permitiu o avanço do conhecimento acerca do uso do CVP flexível e a assistência segura ao paciente, bem como inferir que estes PPS são fonte potencial de contaminação microbiana nas superfícies internas e externas com a formação de biofilme. Entretanto, não houve associação entre os desfechos clínicos e microbiológicos quanto ao uso de CVP flexível

Peripheral venous catheters (PVC) are health products (HP) commonly used in hospitalized patients to administer fluids, medications, and hemodynamic monitoring. However, they can represent a potential source of microbial contamination, biofilm formation and infection. The objective of this research was to evaluate clinical and microbiological indicators associated with the use of PVC. This is an observational study carried out in two stages: Step I - Prospective longitudinal follow-up of hospitalized patients on continuous use of flexible PVC with the characterization of patients undergoing peripheral venous catheterization, as well as the frequency of signs and symptoms of injuries associated with the use of PVC. In addition, Step II - Assessment of microbiological conditions, including the presence of biofilms in flexible PVC from patients hospitalized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the association between the clinical aspects of patients and the microbiological aspects in different locations of flexible PVC (internal and external surfaces). The prospective longitudinal follow-up of 67 hospitalized patients in continuous use of flexible PVC, as well as the collection of flexible PVC samples were performed in inpatient units at Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Before the microbiological evaluation, all flexible PVC samples were examined for integrity and appearance (dirt). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test (x2) with α=5%. The 67 hospitalized patients were of both sexes, with a mean age of 55.8 years, with a mean length of stay of the flexible PVC of 43.0h. Moreover, in relation to the flexible PVC insertion sites, 98.5% were in the upper limbs: arms (44.7%), hands (35.8%) and forearms (17.0%), and of these, 75.0% had a transparent dressing (adhesive bandage). Approximately one in every patient presented signs and symptoms of injuries associated with the use of flexible PVC. Staphylococcus spp. were the most prevalent microorganisms in the samples. In addition, there was no association between clinical evaluation and the presence on the internal and external surfaces of microorganisms in the flexible PVC, respectively (x²=1.522; gl=1; p=0.217) and (x²=2.405; gl=1; p=0.121). SEM showed morphological differences (texture and thickness) between the layers of the internal and external surfaces of flexible PVC, as well as the presence of an epithelial cell, organic matter, extensive fibrin network with blood cells and bacteria in the form of a rod. In conclusion, this research allowed the advancement of knowledge about the use of flexible PVC and safe patient care, as well as inferring that these HP are a potential source of microbial contamination on the internal and external surfaces with the biofilm formation. However, there was no association between clinical and microbiological outcomes regarding the use of flexible PVC

Consideration of the Evaluation of Catheter Rupture and Supervision / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the vigorous development of medical device manufacturing industry in China, anesthetic puncture bag has been completely localization. The extensive application of anesthesia technology and the subsequent adverse events of anesthesia catheter rupture have been reported frequently. This paper attempts to explore and think about the harm and countermeasures of epidural anesthesia catheter fracture from the point of view of medical device supervision.

Influência do tempo de atuação do enfermeiro no conhecimento sobre cateter epicutâneo: estudo transversal / Influence of nurses' working time on epicutaneous catheter knowledge: a cross-sectional study / Influencia del tiempo de trabajo en enfermería en el conocimiento sobre el catéter epicutáneo: un estudio transversal

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência do tempo de atuação de enfermeiros em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal ou pediátrica no conhecimento sobre inserção e manuseio do cateter central de inserção periférica. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, com 22 enfermeiros de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica. Utilizou-se instrumento estruturado, produzido com base nas Diretrizes Práticas para Terapia Infusional. RESULTADOS: A mediana do tempo de formação foi de 9 anos e a do tempo de atuação em neonatologia ou pediatria foi de 8 anos. O tempo de atuação mostrou diferença significativa quanto ao conhecimento sobre "posicionamento do paciente para mensuração do comprimento do cateter" (p=0,010) e "Equipamentos de Proteção Individual preconizados para a troca de curativos" (p=0,004), sendo a maior proporção de acertos pelos enfermeiros com menor tempo de atuação. CONCLUSÃO: O tempo de atuação mostrou pouca influência no conhecimento dos profissionais. É relevante investir na educação continuada visando uma assistência mais segura.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of nurses' working time in a neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit on the knowledge about insertion and handling of the peripheral insertion central catheter. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with 22 neonatal and pediatric intensive care nurses. A structured instrument was used, produced based on the Practice Guidelines for Infusional Therapy. RESULTS: The median of training time was 9 years and that of working time in neonatology or pediatrics was 8 years. The length of practice showed a significant difference regarding knowledge about "patient positioning for catheter length measurement" (p=0.010) and "Personal Protective Equipment recommended for dressing changes" (p=0.004), the largest proportion of correct answers being by nurses with shorter working time. CONCLUSION: Time of work showed little influence on the knowledge of the professionals. It is important to invest in continuing education for a safer care.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la influencia del tiempo de trabajo de las enfermeras en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales o pediátricos en el conocimiento sobre la inserción y el manejo del catéter central de inserción periférica. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal realizado con 22 enfermeras de cuidados intensivos neonatales y pediátricos. Se utilizó un instrumento estructurado, elaborado en base a las Directrices prácticas para la Terapia de infusión. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de formación fue de 9 años y el de trabajo en neonatología o pediatría fue de 8 años. La duración de la práctica evidenció una diferencia significativa con respecto al conocimiento sobre "posicionamiento del paciente para medir la longitud del catéter" (p=0,010) y "Equipo de Protección Personal recomendado para los cambios de apósito" (p=0,004), con la mayor proporción de respuestas correctas en enfermeros con menor tiempo de trabajo. CONCLUSIÓN: El tiempo de trabajo evidenció escasa influencia en el conocimiento de los profesionales. Es importante invertir en educación continua para una atención más segura.

Fricção das dânulas na desinfecção e o risco de dispersão: é possível controlar? / Three-way tap friction in disinfection and risk of dispersion: is it possible to control?

O uso de dispositivos para infusões intravasculares representa um desafio, principalmente, pela possibilidade da dispersão microbiana do local de inserção até a ponta do cateter. O procedimento de desinfecção poderá reduzir a colonização no sítio de inserção desses dispositivos, entretanto instiga uma série de questionamentos acerca da possibilidade de dispersão para o interior do lúmen, espectro de ação do antimicrobiano, e a técnica do procedimento de desinfecção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o procedimento de desinfecção das dânulas/torneiras de três vias contaminadas propositalmente com Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bem como a dispersão de soluções para o interior dos lúmens. Trata-se de um experimento laboratorial in vitro, controlado e desenvolvido em duas etapas: avaliação da dispersão bacteriana por meio da contaminação intencional com cepas padrão: S. aureus (ATCC 25923) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), e a dispersão de líquidos para o interior do conector por meio do corante cristal violeta a 1%, após a fricção com solução fisiológica ou álcool etílico a 70%, visando simular o processo de desinfecção. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata por três pesquisadores distintos. A fricção dos conectores com solução fisiológica demonstrou crescimento bacteriano (P. aeruginosa e S. aureus) no interior de 41,7% dos lúmens, no entanto não houve crescimento bacteriano nas amostras após a desinfecção com solução alcoólica a 70% (p<0,001). Com relação aos percentuais das ausências de dispersão de soluções para o interior dos lúmens das dânulas, observou-se que a fricção com as soluções fisiológica e alcoólica foram de 81,5% e 66,7%, respectivamente (p=0,079). Assim, a ausência do crescimento bacteriano no lúmen das dânulas após a fricção com solução alcoólica a 70% está associada a uma série de variáveis controladas as quais remetem a preocupação, principalmente, na possibilidade de dispersão de soluções desinfetantes para o seu interior. Nesse sentido, infere-se sobre os riscos que ameaçam a segurança das pessoas submetidas a infusões intravenosas, especialmente, no que concerne a execução do procedimento de desinfecção das dânulas

The use of intravascular infusion devices presents a challenge, mainly, due to the possibility of microbial dispersion of insertion site up to catheter tip. Disinfection procedure can reduce colonization at insertion site of these devices, but it instigates a series of questions about the possibility of dispersion into the lumen, antimicrobial action spectrum, and the technique of the disinfection procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro disinfection procedure of three-way taps purposely contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the dispersion of solutions into the lumens. This is an in vitro laboratory experiment, it was controlled and developed in two steps: evaluation of bacterial dispersion by intentional contamination with standard strains: S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and liquid dispersion into the connector through 1% violet crystal dye, after friction with physiological solution or 70% ethyl alcohol, in order to simulate disinfection process. All experiments were performed in triplicate by three distinct researchers. The friction of connectors with physiological solution showed bacterial growth (P. aeruginosa and S. aureus) within 41.7% of the lumens, but there was no bacterial growth in the samples after disinfection with 70% alcoholic solution (p<0.001). Regarding the absence of dispersion percentages of solutions into the lumens from three-way taps, it was observed that the friction with physiological and alcoholic solutions were 81.5% and 66.7%, respectively (p=0.079). Thus, the absence of bacterial growth in the lumen from three-way taps after the friction with 70% alcoholic solution is associated to a series of controlled variables which refer, mainly, to the possibility of dispersion of disinfectant solutions to its interior. In that sense, it is inferred about risks that threaten the safety of people undergoing intravenous infusion, especially, concerning the disinfecting procedure execution for three-way taps

Migración de fragmentos de catéteres percutáneos en paciente pediátrico / (Migration of fragmented percutaneous catheter in pediatric patient)

ResumenLos pacientes hemato-oncológicos pediátricos son una población usualmente expuesta a catéteres percutáneos, debido a los tratamientos quimioterapéuticos de larga duración. Entre las complicaciones raras se encuentra la migración de fragmentos del catéter. A pesar de que se reportan diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para remover los fragmentos, en algunas ocasiones el riesgo de remoción supera el beneficio del paciente. En este artículo se reporta el caso de una niña de 6 años, con diagnóstico de leucemia linfocítica aguda, en quien se produjo migración de un fragmento del catéter percutáneo. La paciente cursó asintomática y se manejó conservadoramente. En la actualidad tiene 1 año y 5 meses desde el diagnóstico de la migración del catéter y se encuentra sin clínica alguna.

AbstractThe pediatric hemato-oncological patients are usually exposed to have intravenous percutaneous catheters because of their long-term chemotherapy treatment. One of the unusual complications of the percutaneous catheters is to fragment and one of the fragments to migrate. Although, there are different surgical techniques for the removal of the fragments, sometimes the risk is larger than the benefit for the patient. This article reports the case of a 6 year old pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who suffered the migration of a fragment of a percutaneous device, that was treated conservatively without any complication. At the moment, the patient has 1 year and 5 months from her diagnosis of catheter migration and is completely asymptomatic.

Tecnovigilância no Brasil: panorama das notificações de eventos adversos e queixas técnicas de cateteres vasculares / Postmarketing surveillance in Brazil: vascular catheters - an overview of notifications of adverse events and technical complaints

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar, quantificar e categorizar a ocorrência de notificações de eventos adversos e queixas técnicas relacionados ao uso de cateter vascular recebidas pelo sistema NOTIVISA no período de janeiro de 2007 a junho de 2016. Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados solicitados e fornecidos pela Anvisa foram analisados e apresentados na forma de gráficos e tabelas. Fizeram parte do estudo 4682 notificações de queixas técnicas e 671 de eventos adversos. Houve aumento progressivo das notificações no período estudado. Quanto ao tipo de queixa técnica, a maioria delas se referiu a 'produto com suspeita de desvio de qualidade' sendo em maior quantidade o motivo 'rompimento do cateter durante o procedimento'. O evento adverso mais notificado foi 'Cateter rompeu na veia e migrou para outra parte do corpo'. Destaca-se que no período estudado ocorreram 4 notificações de óbitos, a forma mais grave de evento adverso. O estudo permitiu visualizar a importância da vigilância pós-comercialização dos cateteres vasculares além de fornecer um panorama de seu uso, o que pode apoiar ações de Tecnovigilância e subsidiar as políticas públicas voltadas a esse produto.

Abstract This article identifies, quantifies and categorizes adverse event notifications and technical complaints related to the use of vascular catheters, received by the Notivisa system in the period from January 2007 to June 2016. It is a descriptive, retrospective, documental study with a quantitative approach. Data requested and supplied by Anvisa were analyzed and presented in the form of charts and tables. The study covered 4,682 notifications of technical complaints, and 671 adverse events. There was a progressive increase in notifications during the period studied. As to the type of technical complaint, the majority referred to 'suspected quality failings', the largest component being due to 'catheter rupture during procedure'. The adverse event most notified was 'catheter broke in the vein and migrated to another part of the body'. In the period studied there were four notifications of deaths, the most severe level of adverse event. The study made it possible to visualize the importance of after-sales surveillance of vascular catheters, as well as supplying a wide-ranging overview of their use. Provision of this overview could support technical surveillance activities and serve as input for public policies relating to this product.

Complicaciones asociadas a catéter percutáneo de diálisis peritoneal, Hospital Médico Quirúrgico, 2015 / Complications associated with percutaneous catheter of peritoneal dialysis, Surgical Medical Hospital, 2015

La diálisis es un procedimiento que sustituye en parte la función renal, y permite la supervivencia de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), la colocación de catéter blando por técnica percutánea, es una de las más frecuentes en el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social (ISSS). Como cualquier procedimiento en el campo de la medicina se ha asociado a varias complicaciones de tipos infecciosas y no infecciosas. La modalidad de diálisis peritoneal con colocación de catéter blando por técnica percutánea, es una de las más frecuentes en el Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social (ISSS), donde a partir del año 2014 el Servicio de Nefrología inició la colocación de catéter de diálisis por esta técnica, bajo un nuevo protocolo ejecutado por médicos nefrólogos y residentes de nefrología. La investigación incluyó a 199 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de la investigación. La edad media fue de 50 años con una desviación estándar de + 14.9 años. Los hombres conformaron el 65.32% de pacientes estudiados, mientras que las mujeres representaron el 34.68%, el rango de edad de los hombres con mayor número de participantes fue entre 38 y 47 años (26.15%) en el caso de las mujeres entre 48 y 57 años (31.88%), seguido en ambos por las edades comprendidas entre 58 y 67 años, con un 25.38% para los hombres y 20.29% para las mujeres. La proporción de complicaciones asociadas a catéter de diálisis peritoneal se documentó en 98 pacientes (49.25%), las más frecuentes fueron no infecciosas 76 casos (77.55%), las mujeres presentaron mayor proporción de ellas (45.84%), siendo la más frecuente el mal funcionamiento del catéter con 52.63%. Las complicaciones infecciosas ocurrieron en 22 pacientes (22.45%), las mujeres también presentaron más complicaciones en este rubro (15.31%) siendo la más frecuente Peritonitis 63.64%. Otras complicaciones asociadas a los problemas iniciales se presentaron en 44.9% pacientes de los cuales el 21.43% requirió cambio a hemodiálisis, el 13.27% tuvo necesidad de procedimiento quirúrgico y el 10.20% de los pacientes requirió retiro del catéter de diálisis. Conclusión. Las complicaciones se presentaron en menos de la mitad de los pacientes sujetos de estudio y de ellos la mayor parte fue del sexo femenino. La mayor parte de complicaciones asociadas a catéter percutáneo de diálisis peritoneal fue de origen no infeccioso. Las consecuencias de las complicaciones asociadas a catéter percutáneo de diálisis requirieron tratamientos conservadores e intervención quirúrgica, retiro del catéter y paso a hemodiálisis en baja proporción

Neonatal atrial flutter after insertion of an intracardiac umbilical venous catheter / Flutter atrial neonatal após inserção de cateter umbilical intracardíaco

To describe a case of neonatal atrial flutter after the insertion of an intracardiac umbilical venous catheter, reporting the clinical presentation and reviewing the literature on this subject. Case description: A late-preterm newborn, born at 35 weeks of gestational age to a diabetic mother and large for gestational age, with respiratory distress and rule-out sepsis, required an umbilical venous access. After the insertion of the umbilical venous catheter, the patient presented with tachycardia. Chest radiography showed that the catheter was placed in the position that corresponds to the left atrium, and traction was applied. The patient persisted with tachycardia, and an electrocardiogram showed atrial flutter. As the patient was hemodynamically unstable, electric cardioversion was successfully applied. Comments: The association between atrial arrhythmias and misplaced umbilical catheters has been described in the literature, but in this case, it is noteworthy that the patient was an infant born to a diabetic mother, which consists in another risk factor for heart arrhythmias. Isolated atrial flutter is a rare tachyarrhythmia in the neonatal period and its identification is essential to establish early treatment and prevent systemic complications and even death.

Descrever um caso de flutter atrial neonatal após a inserção de um cateter venoso umbilical intracardíaco, relatar sua evolução clínica e fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. Descrição do caso: Recém-nascido pré-termo tardio de 35 semanas de idade gestacional, filho de mãe diabética, grande para a idade gestacional, com desconforto respiratório precoce e risco para infecção neonatal, que necessitou de cateterização venosa umbilical. Após o procedimento, o paciente apresentou taquicardia. A radiografia torácica evidenciou posição intracardíaca inadequada do cateter umbilical, que foi tracionado, e o neonato permaneceu taquicárdico. O eletrocardiograma permitiu o diagnóstico de flutter atrial. Por conta da instabilidade hemodinâmica foi feita cardioversão elétrica, com sucesso. Comentários: A relação entre arritmias atriais e cateteres umbilicais mal posicionados tem sido descrita na literatura, mas, nesse caso, vale ressaltar o fato de o paciente ser filho de mãe diabética, o que consiste em outro fator de risco para as arritmias cardíacas. O flutter atrial isolado é uma taquiarritmia rara no período neonatal. O seu reconhecimento é fundamental para um tratamento precoce e para evitar complicações sistêmicas e até mesmo fatais.

Discrimination and common mental disorders of undergraduate students of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Discriminação e sofrimento psíquico de graduandos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

The pathogenic and consistent effect of discrimination on mental health has been largely documented in the literature. However, there are few studies measuring multiple types of discrimination, evaluating the existence of a dose-response relationship or investigating possible effect modifiers of such an association.

Fluoroscopy-Guided Endovenous Sclerotherapy Using a Microcatheter Prior to Endovenous Laser Ablation: Comparison between Liquid and Foam Sclerotherapy for Varicose Tributaries

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of endovenous foam sclerotherapy (EFS) and liquid sclerotherapy (ELS) using a microcatheter for the treatment of varicose tributaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2007 to January 2009, patients with venous reflux in the saphenous vein were enrolled. The foam or liquid sclerosant was injected through a microcatheter just before endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Patients were evaluated for the technical success, clinical success, and procedure-related complications during the procedure and follow-up visits. RESULTS: A total of 94 limbs were included: 48 limbs (great saphenous vein [GSV], 35; small saphenous vein [SSV], 13) were managed using EFS and EVLA (foam group; FG), and 46 limbs (GSV, 37; SSV, 9) were treated by ELS and EVLA (liquid group; LG). Varicose tributaries demonstrated complete sclerosis in 92.7% with FG and in 71.8% with LG (p = 0.014). Bruising (78.7% in FG vs. 73.2% in LG, p > 0.05), pain or tenderness (75.6% in FG vs. 51.2% in LG, p = 0.0237) were noted. Hyperpigmentation (51.2% in FG vs. 46.2% in LG, p > 0.05) was found. CONCLUSION: Endovenous foam sclerotherapy using a microcatheter is more effective than ELS for eliminating remnant varicose tributaries prior to EVLA. However, EFS is more commonly associated with local complications such as pain or tenderness than ELS. Furthermore, both techniques seem to prolong the duration of hyperpigmentation along with higher costs.

Comparison of Drainage Volume of Chronic Subdural Hematoma According to Drainage Catheter Type

PURPOSE: To assess the therapeutic value of two different drainage catheters in treating chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of drainage catheters can be used to treat CSDH according to the position of holes in the catheter: open-type or closed-type catheter. In this retrospective study, 199 total patients with CSDH were reviewed according to catheter type. Among them, 84 patients were and 113 in the closed-type group (holes positioned within the distal-most 1 cm of the catheter). The surgeon selected the catheter type. Total drainage volume, initial drainage volume within 2 days, percentage of initial drainage volume per total drainage volume, duration of catheter insertion, and reoperation rate were compared. RESULTS: Total drainage volume was not different between the two groups (p=0.333). The initial drainage volume within 2 days was larger in the open-type group than closed-type group (p=0.024), but the percentage of initial drainage volume per total drainage volume was not different (p=0.354). The duration of catheter insertion was shorter in the open-type group than closed-type group (p=0.015). The reoperation rate of CSDH was also higher in the open-type group than closed-type group (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: CSDH drainage with an open-type catheter is faster compared with a closed-type catheter, but total drainage volume is similar and reoperation rate is higher. Therefore, the open-type catheter for CSDH drainage has limited clinical value.

Seguridad y eficacia de la colocación del catéter de diálisis peritoneal aguda por punción en pacientes con síndrome urémico hemolítico asociado a diarrea / Safety and efficacy of percutaneous acute peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in patients with post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome

Introducción: La diálisis peritoneal aguda (DPA) es la modalidad dialítica preferentemente seleccionada para niños con injuria renal aguda por síndrome urémico hemolítico postdiarreico (SUH D+). Evaluamos la seguridad y eficacia de la colocación por punción percutánea del catéter de DPA con anestesia local en niños con SUH D+. Pacientes y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes con SUH D+ internados entre el 1 de enero de 1998 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008 en el Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. La seguridad se evaluó por la presencia de eventos adversos mayores relacionados con la colocación del catéter (per foración de vísceras y/o vasos mayores abdominales, sangrado que requiera transfusión) y menores (infección del sitio de salida y peritonitis dentro de las 48 hs del procedimiento). La eficacia se evaluó a través de la colocación exitosa del catéter y su buen funcionamiento. Además se registró la necesidad de recambio luego de su uso por mal funcionamiento. Resultados: Identificamos 149 pacientes que realizaron DPA, edad de 20.2 meses (rango 2,9-111) y peso de 11,35 kg (rango 5-24.4). Recuento de plaquetas previo al procedimiento de 89000 (22000-148000) mm3. Seguridad: el único efecto adverso detectado fue el desarrollo de peritonitis en un paciente. No se registró perforación de órganos ni de vasos mayores abdominales, ni sangrado severo, ni infección del sitio de salida. Eficacia: en todos los casos el catéter fue colocado exitosamente y en 48 pacientes (32.2%) hubo que recambiarlo por mal funcionamiento. Tanto la colocación como el recambio fueron realizadas en todos los casos por el nefrólogo al pie de la cama. Conclusión: la colocación del catéter de DPA por punción es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz.

ntroduction: Acute peritoneal dialysis (DPA) is the dialytictreatment of choice for children with acute kidney injury dueto post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS). In thisstudy safety and efficacy of percutaneous placement of anAPD catheter under local anesthesia in children with D+HUSwas assessed. Patients and methods: We reviewed the cli-nical charts of all patients with D+HUS admitted to thePediatric Hospital Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan betweenJanuary 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008. Safety was eva-luated based on the presence of major (perforation of theviscera and/or major abdominal vessels, bloody dialysaterequiring red-blood-cell transfusion) and minor (exit-siteinfection and peritonitis within 48 hs of the procedure) adverse events associated with catheter insertion. Efficacy was assessed based on successful catheter insertion and func-tioning. Additionally, the need for catheter replacement dueto malfunction was recorded. Results: We identified 149patients with a mean age of 20.2 months (range, 2.9-111)and weight of 11.35 kg (range, 5-24.4) who underwent APD.Median platelet count previous to the procedure was 89000(range, 22000-148000) mm3. Safety: The only adverse eventfound was the development of peritonitis in one patient.Organ or major vessel perforation, severe bleeds, or exit-site infection were not observed. Efficacy: In all patients the catheter was successfully inserted and in 48 patients (32.2%) the catheter had to be replaced due to malfunctioning. Both placement and replacement were performed by a nephrologist at the bedside in all cases. Conclusion: Percutaneous APD catheter insertion is a safe and efficacious procedure.