[ vitro anti-staphylococcus aureus activity of Nigella sativa L., seed oil extract, compared with CXM, CEC, MAN and CAZ antibiotics]

The anti-microbial effect of plants has been suggested from old years. New researches in this field confirm such property of applications. In this study, anti-microbial effects of Nigella sativa seed oil cold extract against two strains of Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated, and the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of Nigella sativa L. [NS] was compared with relevant antibiotics. Detection of mic in ns oil cold extract was performed using broth dilution method. The original extract was prepared in 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.06% and 0.03% concentrations by serial dilution. S. Aureus strains [ATCC 1112 and 2572] were grown in TSB media to 0.5 mc farland standard concentrations and each 0.01 dilution of microorganism suspension above was transferred to the drug dilution. Tubes were incubated overnight at 35 °C. The sensitivity of the bacteria was defined by disk diffusion [kirby-bauer] Method and Antibiogram disks made by Difco Inc. The obtained values were compared with the effects of the extract. MIC for S. Aureus ATCC-2572 and S. aureus ATCC-1112 were found 1/16 and 1/10, respectively. It was revealed by performing in vitro sensitivity tests for the two strains that NS oil can affect the bacterial pure form in 0.125% and 0.26% concentrations. It is suggested that the anti-microbial effect of NS oil extract is comparable with antibiotics such as CXM, CEC, MAN, CAZ. We recommend experimental use of Nigella sativa L. to control some of bacterial infections

Epidemiology of Serratia marcescens Isolates by Transferable Resistance Gene Analysis

Conjugative R plasmids derived from 74 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were epidemiologically analyzed for antimicrobial resistance, EcoRI restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern hybridization with DHFR, TEM and SHV probe. 1. Resistance frequency of isolates against various B-lactam antibiotics was changed by year. 2. Twenty (27%) resistant strains transferred 32 R plasmids to E. coli or Klebsiella by mixed culture. Most strains isolated from 1994 to 1996 transferred only trimethoprim resistance but most strains isolated from 1997 did resistances against gentamicin (Gm) and B-lactams including ampicillin (Ap), carbenicillin (Cb), cefazolin (Cz), cefaloridine (Cl), cefamandole (Cn). 3. Ten plasmids of GmApCbCzC1Cn or GmApCbCzC1 pattern and 3 plasmids of TcSuGmTbApCbCzC1 pattern respectively showed identical EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion patterns and hybridized fragment patterns with TEM-1 probe by Southern hybridization. These results indicate that the epidemic plasmids carrying blamM gene were present in this hospital in 1997 and molecular genetic analysis of R plasmids can be used to discriminate S. marcescens isolates for epidemiologic studies.

Results of secondary antibiotics susceptibility test for gram negative bacilli resistant to primary susceptibility test in Yeungnam University Hospital / 영남의대학술지

Major pathogenic Gramnegative organisms such as P. aeruginosa, Serratia species, E. coli, Enterobacter species which are isolated from the specimens in large medical centers are greatly resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. Gramnegative bacilli, which had been isolated in Yeungnam Uni rersity Hospital during the period from December 1992 to April 1993 and turned out to be resistant to the primary antibiotics susceptibility test for chloramphenicoi, ampicillin, eephaiothin,- geniamicitt, tetracyclin, amikin and tobramycin, were subjected to the secondary antibiotics susceptibility test for aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacine, cefotaxime, cefamandole, piperacillin, ticarcillin and sulfamethoxazole trimethopime. Out of 315 tested organisms, 167 organisms (53%) were resistant to all secondary antibiotics in vitro. Antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime (37.1%), aztreonam (11. %), ciprofloxacine (7.9%) against Gram negative bacilli were slightly more active than other antibiotics tested, while cefamandole was not active to all the Gramnegative bacilli tested. According to the specimens, E. coli was the most frequently resistant organisms to the primary antibiotics from urine, A. baumanii, from respiratory system and wounds, and P. aeruginosa from various specimens. In summary, Gram negative bacilli resistant to the primarily applied antibiotics also were resistant to the secondary antibiotics. Rearrangement of the antibiotics disks for the antibiotic susceptibility test should be considered.

The Effect of Topical Application of Cephalosporins on the Rabbit Cerebral Cortex

Several of the newer broad-spectrum, potent antibiotics are currently being used for the treatment of meningitis, ventriculitis and shunt-tract infection. The risk of complications following intrathecal administration of some of this newer antibiotics varies considerably. Possible complications of immediate or delayed seizure, cortical electric depression, radiculopathy, transverse myelopathy, and arachnoiditis after intrathecal or intraventricular administration must be weighed against the potential value of this route. These risks may influence the therapeutic management of a specific clinical situation. The author studied the effect of the first generation of cephalosporins(cepalothin, cefazolin, cepharadine, cephapirin), the second generation of cephalosporins(cefamandole, cefmetazole), and the third generation of cephalosporins(cefotaxime, cetriaxone, cefotetan), on electrocortical activity of cerebral cortex. The results are as follows : 1) The topical application of cephalothin, cefazolin, cephapirin 8mg/ml shows electrocortical spike activity. In higher concentration, each cases show intense electrocortical spike activity. The topical application of cephradine 100mg/ml shows electrocortical spike activity and in higher concentration, electrocortical spike activity continued. 2) The topical application of cefamandole 64mg/ml shows electrocortical spike activity first and that of cefmetazole 100mg/ml shows electrocortical spike activity and in higher concentration of each cases, intense electrocortical spike activity continued. 3) The topical application of cefotaxime 16mg/ml shows electrocortical spike activity and that of ceftriaxon 200mg/ml and cefatetan 100mg/ml shows mild electrocortical spike activity. In higher concentration of each cases, electrocortical spike activity continued. In conclusion, the degrees of epileptogenic effect was most severe in the first generation of cephalosporins and the second generation of cephalosporins and the third generation of cephalosporins on the decreasing order.

Pancreatitis distal abscedada de etiología casual: reporte de un caso / Abcess distal pancreatitis of casual etiology: report of a case

Se reporta un caso con cuadro de Pancreatitis corporo-caudal abscedada, cuya noxa determinada, correspondió a la localización de un Ascaris Lumbricoides adulto y vivo, alojado en el Conducto de Wirsung, ectópico de hecho, a su hábitat usual. Se revisan los conceptos emitidos por MAKIDONO, en relación a la migración de estos nemátodes, hacia el confluente bilio-pancreático

Uso profilactico del cefamandol en pacients sosmetidas a histerectomia / Use of cefamandol in hysterectomy patients

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 30 pacientes sometidas a histerectomía por diferentes causas, con la finalidad de demostrar la eficacia del Cefamandol en la profilaxis de infecciones post-operatorias, para lo cual las pacientes fueron divididas al azar en dos grupos: el grupo de estudio recibió en el período perioperatorio Cafamandol y el grupo contol no recibió ningún antibiótico. El análisis estadístico de los resultados, no demostró diferencias significativas ente ambos gupos

Irrigación intrauterina con naftato de cefamandol / Intra-uterina irrigation with cefamandole nafate

Se hace un estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, para evaluar la efectividad de la irrigación intrauterina con naftato de cefamandol en la prevención de la infección post-operación cesárea. A ochenta y una sometidas a operación cesárea en la Maternidad "Concepción Palacios" (Caracas, Venezuela) se les practicó irrigación intrauterina con el material en estudio. La división en dos grupos, (I) pacientes que recibieron irrigación con placebo, y (II) pacientes que recibieron irrigación con cefamandol permite evaluar la efectividad del cefamandol en prevenir la infección post-cesárea. La incidencia de infección fue del 36,5 por ciento para el grupo (placebo), y del 7,5 por ciento para el grupo II (cefamandol). La irrigación intrauterina con cefamandol durante la operación cesárea reduce significativamente la incidencia de infección post-operatoria (P < 0,001; X2)

Activity of 17 antibiotics on 500 strains isolated in Casablanca teaching hospital

Several antibiotics have been recently marketed in Morocco. The authors evaluate their respective interests, and bring practical propositions for their use