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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2021. 126 p. tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378785

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is a set of diseases caused by obligatory parasitic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. And it has cutaneous and visceral eishmaniasis as its main forms. Treatment includes pentavalent antimonials. These drugs have several disadvantages, such as the need for parenteral administration, use of high dosages, long duration of treatment, severe toxicity, resistance and variable efficacy. The candidate for hydroxymethylnitrofural drug (NFOH), a prodrug derived from nitrofural, showed high activity in cell cultures infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and less toxicity when compared to nitrofural. Due to its low solubility in water and reduced bioavailability, NFOH has failed the in vivo efficacy tests. Nanostructured drug delivery systems have the potential to overcome these challenges due to their evident advantages: greater therapeutic efficacy, less toxicity, modified drug release and increased gastrointestinal absorption of drugs with low water solubility. The objective of this project will be the preparation and evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of a nanostructured lipid carrier containing hydroxymethylnitrofural (NLC-NFOH). The NFOH showed the highest solubility in Miglyol® 840 among the tested liquid lipids. For solid lipids, Gelucire® 50/13 and Precirol® ATO5 proved to be more suitable for the solubilization of NFOH. The optimized NLC-NFOH consisted of these three lipids. These lipids were selected using a quick Technobis Crystal 16TM methodology, microscopy and DSC. Different lipid selection tools provided scientific knowledge relevant to the development of NLC. The NLC-NFOH had an average z of 198.6 ± 5.4 nm, a PDI of 0.11 ± 0.01 and a zeta potential of -13.7 ± 0.7 mV. This study allowed a design space development approach of the first NLC-NFOH with the potential to treat leishmaniasis orally. The development of a sensitive bioanalytical method using HPLC and evaluation of some analytical figures of merit for the validation allowed the quantification of NFOH and NF. The bioanalytical method for analysis of NFOH and NF use Zorbax SB-C18, 5µm, (4.6x250mm) HPLC column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile:water (20:80 v/v) with flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, at UV detection of 370 nm. The linearity of NFOH and NF was found in the range 0.0253.0 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of r > 0.98. The precision was 2.44 to 13.77% for NFOH and 2.61 to 18.42%; the accuracy was 2.66 to 14.28% for NFOH and 2.09 to 19.06% for NF. The method showed to be suitable for effectively evaluation of NFOH is serum. NLC-NFOH (2.8 mg/kg) was administered to animals by gavage, and the blocking flow of the chylomicrons model was performed with an intraperitoneal injection of cycloheximide. The presence of NFOH in serum was evaluated with and without cycloheximide. The cytotoxicity assay of NLC-NFOH and blank-NLC showed more than 90% viable cells at the maximum concentration used (2560 µM). NFOH and NF were detected at 1h after the gavage of DMSO-NFOH or NLC-NFOH, without the pretreatment with cycloheximide. The concentration found for DMSO-NFOH and NLC-NFOH were 0.0316 and 0.0291 µg/mL, respectively. The NLC presented the NFOH absorption by the lymphatic system, demonstrated by blocking chylomicrons flow


A leishmaniose, uma doença tropical negligenciada (DTN), é um conjunto de doenças causadas por protozoários parasitas obrigatórios do gênero Leishmania. E tem como formas principais a leishmaniose cutânea e visceral. O tratamento inclui antimoniais pentavalentes. Esses fármacos apresentam várias desvantagens, como necessidade de administração parenteral, uso de altas dosagens, longa duração do tratamento, toxicidade grave, resistência e eficácia variável. O candidato ao fármaco hidroximetilnitrofural (NFOH), um pró-fármaco derivado do nitrofural, apresentou alta atividade em culturas de células infectadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi e menor toxicidade quando comparado ao nitrofural. Devido à sua baixa solubilidade em água e biodisponibilidade reduzida, o NFOH falhou nos testes de eficácia in vivo. Os sistemas nanoestruturados de liberação de fármacos têm potencial para superar esses desafios devido às suas vantagens evidentes: maior eficácia terapêutica, menor toxicidade, liberação modificada do fármaco e aumento da absorção gastrointestinal de fármacos com baixa solubilidade em água. O objetivo deste projeto será a preparação e avaliação das características físico-químicas de um carreador lipídico nanoestruturado contendo hidroximetilnitrofural (NLC-NFOH). O NFOH apresentou a maior solubilidade no Miglyol® 840 entre os lipídios líquidos testados. Para lipídios sólidos, Gelucire® 50/13 e Precirol® ATO5 se mostraram mais adequados para a solubilização de NFOH. O NLC-NFOH otimizado consistiu desses três lipídios. Esses lipídios foram selecionados usando Technobis Crystal 16TM, microscopia e DSC. Diferentes ferramentas de seleção de lipídios forneceram conhecimento científico relevante para o desenvolvimento de NLC. O NLC-NFOH teve z-average de 198,6 ± 5,4 nm, PDI de 0,11 ± 0,01 e potencial zeta de -13,7 ± 0,7 mV. Este estudo permitiu o desenvolvimento por abordagem de Design Space do primeiro NLC-NFOH com potencial para tratar a leishmaniose por via oral. O desenvolvimento de um VIII método bioanalítico sensível utilizando HPLC e a avaliação de algumas figuras analíticas de mérito para a validação permitiram a quantificação de NFOH e NF em soro. O método bioanalítico para análise de NFOH e NF usou coluna de HPLC Zorbax SB-C18, 5 µm, (4,6 x 250 mm). A fase móvel foi constituída por acetonitrila: água (20:80 v / v) com vazão de 1,2 ml / min, com detecção no UV de 370 nm. A linearidade de NFOH e NF foi encontrada na faixa de 0,0253,0 µg / ml com um coeficiente de correlação de r> 0,98. A precisão foi de 2,44 a 13,77% para NFOH e 2,61 a 18,42%; a precisão foi de 2,66 a 14,28% para NFOH e 2,09 a 19,06% para NF. O método mostrou-se adequado para avaliação efetiva do NFOH no soro. NLC-NFOH (2,8 mg / kg) foi administrado aos animais por gavagem, e o modelo de bloqueio do fluxo de quilomícrons foi realizado com injeção intraperitoneal de cicloheximida. A presença de NFOH no soro foi avaliada com e sem cicloheximida. O ensaio de citotoxicidade de NLC-NFOH e brancoNLC mostrou mais de 90% de células viáveis na concentração máxima utilizada (2560 µM). NFOH e NF foram detectados 1h após a gavagem de DMSO-NFOH ou NLC-NFOH, sem o pré-tratamento com cicloheximida. As concentrações encontradas para DMSO-NFOH e NLC-NFOH foram 0,0316 e 0,0291 µg / mL, respectivamente. O NLC apresentou a absorção do NFOH pelo sistema linfático, demonstrada pelo bloqueio do fluxo dos quilomícrons


Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis/pathology , Chemistry, Physical/classification , Administration, Oral , Tropical Medicine/classification , In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Methodology as a Subject , Drug Liberation/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Absorption/drug effects , Lymphatic System
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2021. 150 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379876

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho foram sintetizados e caracterizados três complexos de cobre com ligantes imínicos, com o objetivo de avaliar sua atividade tripanocida. Esses complexos foram caracterizados por diversas técnicas espectroscópicas, como UV-Vis, Infravermelho e EPR, além de análise elementar e espectrometria de massa. Juntamente com outros complexos similares previamente sintetizados pelo nosso grupo, tiveram suas atividades avaliadas frente à forma tripomastigota do parasita T. cruzi, responsável pela fase aguda da doença de Chagas, por ensaios de viabilidade celular, com determinação do valor de seus IC50, concentração em que observamos a morte de 50% da cultura celular, pela metodologia denominada MTT. Todos os complexos mostraram-se eficientes frente a tripomastigotas, apresentando valores de IC50 abaixo de 10 µM, com quatro deles obtendo índice de seletividade maior que 10, fator importante para definir agentes promissores antichagásicos. Complexos selecionados também tiveram sua atividade verificada frente à forma amastigota do parasita, responsável pela fase crônica da doença, utilizando método de imageamento por microscópio de fluorescência e contagem celular. Estudos de inibição da cruzaína, uma cisteíno-protease importante para o metabolismo do parasita foram conduzidos em colaboração com o laboratório do Prof. Wagner Alves de Souza Júdice, da Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes. Quatro dos compostos testados apresentaram atividade inibitória frente a cruzaína, sendo dois de cobre, um de zinco e um ligante livre. Os estudos também permitiram diferenciar os mecanismos de inibição dos compostos, com os complexos de cobre apresentando um mecanismo de inibição clássico e o composto de zinco e o ligante livre apresentando o mecanismo de inibição competitiva parabólica com cooperatividade


In this work, three copper complexes with iminic ligands were synthesized and characterized, with the objective of evaluating their trypanocidal activity. These complexes were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis, Infrared and EPR, in addition to elementary analysis and mass spectrometry. Together with other similar complexes previously synthesized by our group, their activities were evaluated against the trypomastigote form of the parasite T. cruzi, responsible for the acute phase of Chagas disease, by cell viability tests, with determination of the value of their IC50, concentration in that we observed the death of 50% of the cell culture, by the methodology called MTT, all presenting IC50 values below 10 µM, with four of them obtaining a selectivity index greater than 10, important factor for defining promising antichagasic agents. Selected complexes also had their activity verified against the amastigote form of the parasite, responsible for the chronic phase of the disease, using a fluorescence microscope and cell counting imaging method. Inhibition studies of cruzain, a cysteine protease important for the metabolism of the parasite, were conducted in collaboration with the laboratory of Professor Wagner Alves de Souza Júdice at the University of Mogi das Cruzes. Four of the tested compounds showed inhibitory activity against cruzain, two of copper, one of zinc and a free ligand. The studies also allowed to differentiate the mechanisms of inhibition of the compounds, with the copper complexes presenting a classic inhibition mechanism and the zinc compound and the free ligand presenting the competitive parabolic inhibition mechanism with cooperativity


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/pathology , Copper/chemistry , Imines/agonists , Antiparasitic Agents , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Trypanocidal Agents/administration & dosage , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cysteine Proteases/chemistry , Ligands
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2011. 65 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643291

ABSTRACT

Lodos de esgoto são resíduos do tratamento do esgoto doméstico, considerados ricos em macronutrientes e matéria orgânica, podendo também apresentar contaminação por substâncias químicas e patógenos. Sua utilização na agricultura é uma das alternativas interessantes para sua disposição final. Entretanto, a presença de contaminantes, dentre eles microrganismos patogênicos podem limitar e orientar sua aplicação. Os vírus entéricos, dentre os quais se inclui o gênero Enterovirus, são potenciais contaminantes microbianos presentes no lodo de esgoto. Esses organismos são capazes de sobreviver por meses em águas e solos e sua presença no ambiente pode trazer prejuízos à saúde da população exposta aos mesmos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de analisar a ocorrência de Enterovirus em amostras de lodo de esgoto de seis diferentes ETEs do Estado de São Paulo, avaliar o desempenho do método analítico para a detecção desses organismos e verificar se as concentrações médias obtidas atendem à legislação. Foram coletadas um total de 35 amostras no período de fevereiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2009. As análises dos Enterovirus foram realizadas pelo ensaio de plaqueamento em cultura de células RD segundo método EPA /625/R-092/013. Os resultados obtidos foram que Enterovirus estiveram presentes em 83 por cento das amostras analisadas, com concentrações que variaram de não detectado (ND) a 12,50 UFP/gST. As taxas de recuperação obtidas variaram de 0,20 por cento a 68,50 por cento . Conclui-se que das amostras analisadas 31 por cento atendem o estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA 375/2006.


Subject(s)
Wastewater/analysis , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Agriculture/standards , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Sludge Final Disposal , Stabilization Ponds
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(6): 515-522, June 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-512765

ABSTRACT

Future clinical applications of human embryonic stem (hES) cells will require high-yield culture protocols. Currently, hES cells are mainly cultured in static tissue plates, which offer a limited surface and require repeated sub-culturing. Here we describe a stirred system with commercial dextran-based microcarriers coated with denatured collagen to scale-up hES cell production. Maintenance of pluripotency in the microcarrier-based stirred system was shown by immunocytochemical and flow cytometry analyses for pluripotency-associated markers. The formation of cavitated embryoid bodies expressing markers of endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm was further evidence of maintenance of differentiation capability. Cell yield per volume of medium spent was more than 2-fold higher than in static plates, resulting in a significant decrease in cultivation costs. A total of 10(8) karyotypically stable hES cells were obtained from a unitary small vessel that needed virtually no manipulation during cell proliferation, decreasing risks of contamination. Spinner flasks are available up to working volumes in the range of several liters. If desired, samples from the homogenous suspension can be withdrawn to allow process validation needed in the last expansion steps prior to transplantation. Especially when thinking about clinical trials involving from dozens to hundreds of patients, the use of a small number of larger spinners instead of hundreds of plates or flasks will be beneficial. To our knowledge, this is the first description of successful scale-up of feeder- and Matrigel™-free production of undifferentiated hES cells under continuous agitation, which makes this system a promising alternative for both therapy and research needs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Dextrans/pharmacology , Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Flow Cytometry , Immunohistochemistry
5.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 864-869, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-37029

ABSTRACT

To compare the stem niche in different culture conditions of limbal epithelial cells, the suspended human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) were seeded on the 3T3-pretreated plates and the other suspended cells were plated on amniotic membranes (AMs) which were either cryo-preserved or freeze-dried. All were cultured for 10 to 12 days. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for ATP-binding casette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2), p63, cytokeratin 12, and connexin 43 were performed in cultivated HLECs and their expression levels were compared. The mRNA expression of all markers examined showed no statistically significant differences between the cells on cryo-preserved and on freeze-dried AM. The expression of p63 and cytokeratin 12 in cultivated cells on AMs were significantly lower than those in 3T3-cocultured cells on RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Cultivated HLECs on AMs showed reduced proliferation and differentiation while maintaining stem-property regardless of the preservative method of AM.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , 3T3 Cells , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cells, Cultured , Cytological Techniques , DNA Primers/chemistry , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Keratin-12/metabolism , Models, Biological , Phosphoproteins/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stem Cells/cytology , Trans-Activators/metabolism
6.
J Biosci ; 2006 Sep; 31(3): 363-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111219

ABSTRACT

A novel, disposable-bag bioreactor system that uses wave action for mixing and transferring oxygen was evaluated for BHK 21 C13 cell line growth and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) production. Growth kinetics of BHK 21 C13 cells in the wave bioreactor during 3-day period were determined. At the end of the 3-day culture period and cell density of 1.82x10(6) cells ml-1, the reactor was inoculated with 9 ml of gE- Bartha K-61 strain ADV suspension (10(5.9) TCID50) with multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. After a 144 h incubation period, 400 ml of ADV harvest was obtained with titre of 10(7.0) TCID 50 ml-1, which corresponds to 40,000 doses of vaccine against AD. In conclusion, the results obtained with the wave bioreactor using BHK 21 C13 cells showed that this system can be considered as suitable for ADV or BHK 21 C13 cell biomass production.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomass , Bioreactors , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cell Line , Cricetinae , Disposable Equipment , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/growth & development , Virus Cultivation/instrumentation
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 65(4): 315-320, 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-423123

ABSTRACT

El vírus de Epstein-Barr (VEB) es el principal agente oncogénico linfotrópico dentro de la família Herpesviridae y se encuentra mundialmente distribuído. La primoinfección se produce en adultos jovenes y se manifesta como mononucleosis infecciosa. La detección de anticuerpos anti-viral cápside antigen (VCA) indica infección previa o presente com VEB. Además, se observan títulos elevados de anticuerpos anti-VCA en las enfermidades neoplásicas asociadas al VEB como los linfomas, em indivíduois HIV-positivos. El objetivo de este estúdio fue el desarrollo y puesta a punto de improntas de células P3HR1 para la detección serológica del VEB por técnicas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI). Se estimularon cultivos de células P3HR1 en crecimiento exponencial com phorbol-12-mirystoil-13-acetato y se recolectaron alícuotas a distintos tiempos para realizar improntas. Se realizó uma IFI com cada impronta usando como anticuerpo primário um suero VEB-positivo. Se observo un aumento del 11% em la expresión del VCA a las 40 horas post-estimulación, deyendo al 3.5% a las 48 horas. Estos datos fueron corroborados por ensayo de Western blot com inmunodetección. La precisión intra- e inter-lote de las improntas fue evaluada para anticuerpos IgM e IgG, com sueros probados previamente por equipos para esta determinación disponibles en el mercado para el VEB y com sueros reactivos para otros miembros de la família Herpesviridae. No se obtuvieron resultados falsos-negativos ni falsos-positivos para el VEB ni se observo reactividad cruzada com otros herpesvirus. Las improntas desarrolladas constituyen un instrumento para el diagnóstico de la primoinfección del VEB y la detección serológica de anticuerpos IgG anti-VCA de neoplasias asociadas al VEB.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cell Line, Tumor/immunology , Cell Transformation, Viral/immunology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , /isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology , Capsid Proteins/analysis , Capsid Proteins/immunology , Equipment Design , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , /immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
9.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 50(2): 49-54, 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: lil-429033

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: las células endoteliales pueden proveer información valiosa con respecto a muchos procesos patológicos como la aterosclerosis, inflamación, neoplasia y angiogénesis. Este trabajo describe la primera experiencia boliviana en el aislamiento y cultivo de células endoteliales humanas derivadas de la vena umbilical (HUVEC). MÉTODOS: Un segmento largo de cordón umbilical se utilizó para el aislamiento y fue tratado por digestión con colagenasa. Las células endoteliales fueron desprendidas de la íntima y posteriormente cultivadas en medio de cultivo M199 y suero fetal bovino. Técnicas morfológicas, inmunohistoquímicas y de citometría de flujo fueron utilizadas para identificar estas células. RESULTADOS: Se examinaron las células endoteliales obtenidas por análisis morfológico e inmunohistoquímico. El marcaje con CD34 fue positivo para más del 90% de las células obtenidas por digestión con colagenasa analizado por citometría de flujo. CONCLUSIÓN Se logró aislar y cultivar HUVEC de manera exitosa. Una gran variedad de experimentos y aplicaciones en ciencias biomédicas pueden ser potencialmente factibles.


INTRODUCTION: endothelial cell study yields valuable information concerning many pathologic processes such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, neoplasia and angiogenesis. This paper describes the first Bolivian experience in isolation and culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: a long segment of the umbilical cord was processed by collagenase digestion. Endothelial cells were detached from intima and further cultured using M199 culture media. Morphologic, immunochemistry and flow cytometry approaches were used to identify these cells. RESULTS: morphologic and immunochemistry analysis of the pool of obtained cells were positive for HUVEC. CD34 staining was positive in more than 90% of the cells obtained by collagenase digestion as assessed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: HUVEC were successfully isolated for the first time in Bolivia. A great deal of further experiments and applications in biomedical sciences is possible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cells/metabolism , Cells/pathology , Cell Separation/classification , Cell Separation/statistics & numerical data , Cell Separation/instrumentation , Cell Separation/methods , Cell Separation/standards , Flow Cytometry/classification , Flow Cytometry/statistics & numerical data , Flow Cytometry/instrumentation , Flow Cytometry/methods , Cell Culture Techniques/classification , Cell Culture Techniques/instrumentation , Cell Culture Techniques/methods
10.
Rio de Janeiro; Guanabara Koogan; 2005. 283 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-941563
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