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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(4): 379-385, Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842556

ABSTRACT

Summary Cervical cancer is an important public health problem. Pap smear is the leading strategy of screening programs for cervical cancer worldwide. However, delayed diagnosis leads to more aggressive and less effective treatments. Patients with uterine cervix malignancies who are referred for radiotherapy have advanced-stage disease, which results in high rates of locoregional recurrence. The use of radiotherapy as a treatment for cervical cancer causes morphological changes in neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells, as well as in stromal cells, which make it difficult to diagnose the residual lesion, resulting in a dilemma in cytopathological routine. Based on the difficulties of cytopathologic evaluation for the follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer, our objective was to describe the actinic cytopathic effects. Our paper was based on a structured review including the period from June 2015 to April 2016, aiming at an exploratory-descriptive study. Bibliographic investigations were carried out through selection and analysis of articles, list of authors and keywords, selection of new articles focused on the analysis of bibliographic references to previously selected documents, as well as textbooks of recognized merit. The most incident actinic cytopathological alterations as described in the literature are: cellular gigantism, nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization, dyskeratosis, bi- and multinucleated (B/M) cells, macro and multiple nucleoli, anisokaryosis, anisonucleolosis and nuclear pyknosis. To date, a protocol has not been established that can precisely differentiate the morphological characteristics between benign cells with actinic effects from recurrent malignant cells on post-radiotherapy smears.


Resumo O câncer de colo uterino configura-se como um importante problema de saúde pública. O teste citopatológico é a principal estratégia de programas de rastreamento dessa neoplasia maligna em todo o mundo. Entretanto, a demora no diagnóstico ocasiona tratamentos mais agressivos e menos efetivos. Pacientes com neoplasia maligna de colo uterino que são encaminhadas para radioterapia apresentam doença em estádios avançados, e esse fato determina altos índices de recidiva locorregional. A utilização da radioterapia como tratamento do câncer do colo uterino provoca alterações morfológicas não só nas células epiteliais neoplásicas e não neoplásicas como também nas células estromais, o que dificulta o diagnóstico da lesão residual e resulta em um dilema na rotina citopatológica. Com base nas dificuldades da avaliação citopatológica do seguimento das pacientes pós-radioterapia, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os efeitos citopáticos actínicos. O trabalho teve como base uma revisão estruturada no período de junho de 2015 a abril de 2016, visando a um estudo exploratório-descritivo. As investigações bibliográficas foram realizadas por meio de seleção e análise dos artigos, lista de autores e palavras-chave; seleção de novos artigos focada na análise de referências bibliográficas dos documentos previamente selecionados e livros-texto de relevância conceitual. As alterações citopatológicas actínicas mais incidentes descritas na literatura são: gigantismo celular, vacuolização nuclear e citoplasmática, disceratose, bi e multinucleações, macro e múltiplos nucléolos, anisocariose, anisonucleolose e picnose nuclear. Até o momento, não se conseguiu estabelecer um protocolo que possa diferenciar precisamente as características morfológicas entre células benignas com efeitos actínicos das células malignas recidivantes em esfregaços pós-radioterapia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Cervix Uteri/radiation effects , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Treatment Outcome , Diagnosis, Differential , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
2.
São Paulo med. j ; 116(3): 1700-9, May-Jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-224003

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the role of tumor persistence in patients submitted to irradiation therapy and radical hysterectomy. Design: A retrospective analysis of prognostic factors. Location: Hospital A.C.Camargo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, a private non-profitmaking foundation and tertiary referral centre. Patients: A total of 629 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were studied. Criteria for inclusion in the study were: confirmed histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and no previous treatment (except for preoperative radiotherapy carried out at the Hospital A.C.Camargo itself). At the end of the follow-up period, 410 patients (65 per cent) had no evidence of disease and 219 (34.8 per cent) had died because of the tumor. Intervention: The patients were submitted to radical surgery and radiation therapy, separately or in combination between 1953 and 1982. Main outcomes measures: Multivariate analysis of the different variables was performed according to the Cox regression method. Results: The variables of prognostic value were, in decreasing order of importance: the decade of patient admission (p = 0.0001), the modality of therapy employed (p = 0.0005), the presence of residual tumor in the surgical specimens (p = 0.0055) and the clinical stage of the disease (p = 0.0575). Conclusion: Radiation therapy controlled a considerable number of local tumors and pelvic lymph nodes but not all of them in every patient. There is a specific group of patients for whom radical surgery is necessary to achieve control of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Hysterectomy , Prognosis , Remission Induction , Brachytherapy , Survival Analysis , Cervix Uteri/radiation effects , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Lymph Nodes/radiation effects , Neoplasm Staging
3.
Rev. paul. med ; 107(4/6): 229-32, jul.-dez. 1989. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-83236

ABSTRACT

Tem sido sugerido recentemente o papel da Chlamydia trachomatis como agente potencializador de neoplasia do trato genital feminino. No presente trabalho, foram analisados esfregaços cervicovaginais de pacientes portadoras de carcinomas uterinos tratados por irradiaçäo. Um grupo destas pacientes apresentou esfregaços com alteraçöes morfológicas sugestivas de infecçäo por Chlamydia na coloraçäo de Papanicolaou. A confirmaçäo da presença do agente foi feita pelo método da avidina-biotina-peroxidase. Encontrou-se maior prevalência de Chlamydia no grupo de pacientes com carcinomas uterinos irradiados, em relaçäo à amostragem de populaçäo sem tratamento ionizante. O aparecimento de células com alteraçöes radioterápicas, infectadas por Chlamydia, é achado novo em citologia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Vaginal Smears , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Uterine Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Immunohistochemistry , Cervix Uteri/radiation effects , Immunoenzyme Techniques
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