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1.
Indian J Hum Genet ; 2013 Jan; 19(1): 78-83
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147640

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Amplification of Guanine-Cytosine (GC) -rich sequences becomes important in screening and diagnosis of certain genetic diseases such as diseases arising due to expansion of GC-rich trinucleotide repeat regions. However, GC-rich sequences in the genome are refractory to standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and require a special reaction conditions and/or modified PCR cycle parameters. AIM: Optimize a cost effective PCR assay to amplify the GC-rich DNA templates. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR 1) is an ideal candidate for PCR optimization as its GC content is more than 80%. Primers designed to amplify the GC rich 5’ untranslated region of the FMR 1 gene, was selected for the optimization of amplification using DNA extracted from buccal mucosal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simple and rapid protocol was used to extract DNA from buccal cells. PCR optimization was carried out using three methods, (a) substituting a substrate analog 7-deaza-dGTP to dGTP (b) in the presence of a single PCR additive and (c) using a combination of PCR additives. All PCR amplifications were carried out using a low-cost thermostable polymerase. RESULTS: Optimum PCR conditions were achieved when a combination of 1M betaine and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to amplify the GC rich region of FMR 1 gene with reproducibility in the presence of betaine and DMSO as additives without the use of commercially available kits for DNA extraction and the expensive thermostable polymerases.


Subject(s)
Cheek/cytology , Cytosine/analogs & derivatives , DNA/genetics , Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics , Fragile X Syndrome/genetics , Guanine/analogs & derivatives , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
2.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 23(3): 177-81, sept.-dic. 1986. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-52016

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de determinar la influencia del hábito de fumar tabaco (puros) sobre los ritmos de maduración celular de la mucosa del paladar y el carrillo, se toman muestras citológicas de estas regiones a 57 individuos, fumadores desde hacía más de 5 años, mayores de 40 años y que al examen clínico no presentaban evidencias de algún tipo de lesión, los cuales se compararon con un grupo control de individuos de iguales características pero no fumadores. Las muestras fueron obtenidas mediante raspado de los carrillos y el paladar, con una espátula de madera, fijada en alcohol-éter y coloreadas con la técnica de Papanicolaou. Las observaciones se realizan en un microscopio de luz y se seleccionan para el recuento celular los campos microscópicos al azar. Se evaluaron más de 300 células por paciente, las que se consideraron atendiendo a su morfología y características de afinidad tintorial. Las medias de las células queratinizadas sin núcleos, tanto en el paladar como en los carrillos de fumadores de tabaco, fueron significativamente superiores al grupo control, lo que se interpreta como modificaciones de adaptación ante la agresión de los diferentes factores químico-físicos que interactúan en la acción de fumar


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cheek/cytology , Palate/cytology , Smoking
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