ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivos: Establecer la concordancia para evaluar el requerimiento de profilaxis farmacológica en el puerperio entre la escala del Rojal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists y la escala de la guía colombiana en una institución de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de concordancia diagnóstica ensamblado sobre un estudio transversal. Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas con 24 o más semanas de gestación que ingresaron para inducción de trabajo de parto, en trabajo de parto activo, para cesárea electiva, o que requirieron cesárea de urgencia, hospitalizadas entre el 1 de marzo y 30 de abril de 2021 en una institución privada de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo, clasificación del riesgo y profilaxis farmacológica según las dos escalas. Se calculó la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo por cada escala y la concordancia en la indicación de la profilaxis entre las dos escalas por medio del valor de kappa ponderado. Resultados: Se incluyeron 320 pacientes. La escala del Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists clasificó al 54,7 % de las pacientes en riesgo bajo, riesgo intermedio al 42,5 % y riesgo alto al 2,8 %. La escala colombiana clasificó al 80 % de las pacientes en riesgo bajo, 17,2 % riesgo intermedio, 2,2 % riesgo alto y 0,6 % con riesgo muy alto. El valor kappa ponderado para la concordancia para indicación fue de 0,47 (IC 95 %: 0,38-0,56). Conclusiones: La concordancia de las dos escalas para definir requerimiento de profilaxis farmacológica en el posparto tiene un acuerdo moderado. Se considera es necesario validar los criterios de clasificación del riesgo de la escala colombiana en una segunda cohorte, además evaluar la capacidad predictiva de la herramienta de la guía colombiana en diferentes puntos de corte en términos de las consecuencias de falsos positivos y negativos.
ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine agreement in assessing the need for postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis between the scale of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Colombian guideline scale in a Level IV institution in Bogota, Colombia. Material and methods: Diagnostic agreement study assembled on a cross-sectional study. The included population consisted of pregnant women with 24 or more weeks of pregnancy admitted between March 1 and April 30 of 2021 to a high complexity private institution in Bogotá, Colombia, for labor induction, in active labor, for elective cesarean section, or who required urgent cesarean section. Convenience sampling was used. Measured variables included demographics, risk factors, risk classification and pharmacological prophylaxis according to the two scales. The prevalence of risk factors for each scale was estimated and agreement regarding prophylaxis indication between the two scales was measured using the weighted kappa value. Results: Overall, 320 patients were included. According to the scale of the Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 54.7 % patients were classified as low risk, 42.5 % as intermediate risk and 2.8 % as high risk. The Colombian scale classified 80 % of patients as low risk, 17.2 % as intermediate risk, 2.2 % as high risk, and 0.6 % as very high risk. The weighted kappa value for agreement regarding the indication was 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.38-0.56). Conclusions: Agreement between the two scales to determine the need for postpartum pharmacological prophylaxis is moderate. Risk classification criteria for the Colombian scale should be validated in a second cohort. Moreover, the predictive ability of the Colombian guideline tool should be assessed at different cut-off points in terms of the consequences of false positive and false negative results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Chemoprevention/standards , Postpartum Period , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Pregnancy Outcome , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Colombia , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação da tromboprofilaxia em um hospital de grande porte em Vitória-ES, analisando possíveis preditores de aplicação de conduta inadequada. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal realizado através de análise de prontuários. Os pacientes analisados estiveram internados no hospital durante o ano de 2007, e tiveram seu risco de tromboembolismo venoso estratificado segundo a 8ª Diretriz para Profilaxia do TEV do American College of Chest Physicians (8º ACCP). A adequação da tromboprofilaxia foi determinada de acordo com a concordância entre a conduta instituída e a conduta preconizada nas diretrizes. Foram utilizados os softwares EpiInfo 3.4.3 e SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: Em 47 por cento dos pacientes a tromboprofilaxia foi inadequada, sendo a não prescrição da medicação indicada o principal motivo (33 por cento). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparadas as taxas de inadequação da tromboprofilaxia entre pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, ou, entre pacientes internados em enfermaria e UTI. O número de fatores de risco para TEV foi inversamente proporcional à taxa de inadequação (p<0,05), assim como a faixa etária do paciente e a duração da internação (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos apontam para níveis alarmantes de inadequação da tromboprofilaxia, o que evidencia a necessidade de programas de educação continuada no assunto para toda a equipe assistente.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at assessing the adequacy of thromboprophylaxis in a high complexity hospital in Vitória - ES, analysing the possible predictors of inadequate prescriptions and/or procedures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through prompt-book analysis. The included patients were hospitalized in 2007 and had their Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk stratified using the 8th Edition of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. The thromboprophylaxis adequacy was determined through a comparison between the adopted prescriptions and/or procedures and the guideline recommendations. EpiInfo 3.4.3 and SPSS 13.0 were the software applications used. RESULTS: In 47 percent of the patients the thromboprophylaxis was inadequate, being the non-prescription of the indicated medication the major reason (33 percent). There was no statistically significant difference in inadequate tromboprophylaxis rate between clinical and surgical patients, or ward and Intensive care unit (ICU) ones. An inverse relationship was observed between the inadequate tromboprophylaxis rate and the number of VTE risk factors presented by the patients, as well as their age, and the length of hospital stay (p < 0,05). CONCLUSION: The results show alarming levels of thromboprophylaxis inadequacy, inacceptable in these times of well-established published guidelines. Therefore, a continuing education program should be implanted for all the assistance team.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chemoprevention/standards , HospitalsABSTRACT
La quimioprofilaxis (QP) en coqueluche debe orientarse a proteger personas con riesgo de presentar complicaciones graves o fallecer: neonatos y lactantes bajo un año, senescentes, pacientes con afecciones cardiacas y pulmonares con insuficiencia funcional, y mujeres en tercer trimestre de embarazo (para proteger al neonato). La evidencia disponible permite recomendar una QP selectiva en los contactos ocurridos en el hogar, hasta 21 días de aparecer el caso primario, y antes de presentarse un caso secundario, recomendación que puede hacerse extensible a personas con alto riesgo que co-habitan con un caso índice en el hospital, guarderías infantiles y hogares de ancianos. La transmisibilidad de B. pertussis podría alcanzar una distancia mayor de 1,5 metros desde la cara del paciente, concepto importante para diseñar la QP en el medio hospitalario. Sólo existen argumentos sólidos para emplear macrólidos y azálidas; siete días es un plazo suficiente para erradicar B. pertussis con eritromicina o claritromicina, 5 días para azitromicina.