ABSTRACT
Las pérdidas reproductivas constituyen una causa importante de pérdida económica en el ganado bovino, aunque en más del 50% de los casos la etiología es desconocida. Las especies de la familia Chlamydiaceae han sido asociadas con abortos en bovinos y otras espeChlamydia abortus; cies animales, pero no existen datos al respecto en la República Argentina. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la presencia de Chlamydia spp. y de Chlamydia abortus en pérdidas reproductivas de ganado bovino en La Pampa, Argentina. Se estudiaron 251 muestras provenientes de abortos y mortinatos. Se realizó PCR en tiempo real para la detección de la familia Chlamydiaceae y ArrayTube para la identificación de las especies presentes. Se detectó ADN de la familia Chlamydiaceae en 12 muestras (4,78%); el 83,33% (10/12) correspondió a abortos y el 16,66% (2/12) a mortinatos. El análisis por ArrayTube detectó C. abortus en 5 muestras (1,99% del total, 41,67% de las muestras con detección de Chlamydiaceae). Este trabajo presenta la primera confirmación de la presencia de ADN de diversas especies de Chlamydiaceae (incluida C. abortus) en muestras de pérdidas reproductivas de ganado bovino en Argentina. El valor de prevalencia hallado (4,78%) debe ser tomado como un valor basal, debido al tipo de muestras estudiadas. Se halló material genético de Chlamydiaceae que no coincidió con ninguna de las especies conocidas; esto podría deberse a variantes intraespecie o a especies autóctonas aún no descriptas. Es necesario avanzar en el estudio de la infección por estas bacterias en el ganado bovino de Argentina para conocer su dimensión y analizar su impacto económico y zoonótico, y también para planear medidas de prevención y control.
Reproductive losses linked to an infectious etiology in bovine cattle are a major economic concern worldwide. In Argentina, more than 50% of abortion cases have unknown causes. Species belonging to Chlamydiaceae family are frequent etiologic agents of abortion around the world; however, there is yet no information on their prevalence in Argentina. The objective of this work was to identify Chlamydia spp., and particularly C. abortus in reproductive losses from bovine cattle in La Pampa, Argentina. Real time PCR targeting Chlamydiaceae-specific DNA fragments was performed on 251 samples obtained from bovine abortions and stillborns, and ArrayTube was used for species identification on positive samples. Chlamydiaceae DNA was detected in 12 samples of aborted fetuses (4.78%), 83.33% (10/12) accounting for abortions and 16.66% (2/12) for stillborns. C. abortus was detected by ArrayTube in 5 cases (1.99% of all samples, and 41.67% of Chlamydiaceae positive samples). This study shows the first detection of Chlamydiaceae and C. abortus DNA on reproductive losses of bovine cattle in Argentina, and the described prevalence value (4.78%) should be taken as baseline value due to the type of samples analyzed. Detection of genetic material from Chlamydiaceae not matching any of the studied species could be due to intraspecies variants or local species not yet described. Further research on Chlamydia infections in bovine cattle in Argentina is imperative to describe their range, to analyze their economic and zoonotic implications and to make recommendations about prevention and control measures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Pregnancy , Chlamydia Infections , Cattle Diseases , Chlamydia , Argentina , Reproduction , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia Infections/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Chlamydia/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The correct identification of Candida species is of great importance, as it presents prognostic and therapeutical significance, allowing an early and appropriate antifungical therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify isolates of Candida spp. from oral mucosa of 38 patients with oral candidosis evaluated in 2004 by phenotypic methods and PCR, discriminating C. albicans from the other Candida species. The tests used for phenotypic analysis were germ-tube and chlamydoconidia production, culture in CHROMAgarTM Candida, carbohydrate assimilation test, growth at 45ºC and culture in Tween 80 agar. Genotypic confirmation was performed by PCR. Phenotypic tests showed that 63.2 percent strains formed germ-tubes, 73.7 percent produced chlamydoconidia, and 63.2 percent showed green colonies in chromogenic medium, presumptively indicating C. albicans or C. dubliniensis. The carbohydrate assimilation test confirmed these results. A total of 21 percent strains were identified as C. krusei and 13.2 percent were indicative of C. tropicalis. Of these later strains, three produced chlamydoconidia. The association of other phenotypic tests with culture in Tween 80 agar identified 95.8 percent of strains as C. albicans and 4.2 percent as C. dubliniensis. All 24 strains indicative of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were confirmed by PCR as C. albicans.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Chlamydia Infections , Candida/growth & development , Candida/isolation & purification , Chlamydia/growth & development , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , In Vitro Techniques , Mouth Mucosa/growth & development , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , MethodsABSTRACT
Our aim was to document the prevalence of chlamydial infection in children less than five years of age with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Seventy three children, 1 month to 5 years of age, hospitalized with CAP were enrolled over a period of one year. Microimmunofluorescence (MIF) was done to detect IgM antibodies against Chlamydia sp. in sera of all patients; PCR was performed to detect C. pneumoniae DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates. The prevalence of Chlamydia species infection in CAP in children < 5 years of age was 5.5% (4/73). Two cases were positive for C. trachomatis antibodies; one case was positive for C. pneumoniae antibodies and one case was positive for C. pneumoniae DNA. Chlamydia sp. have an important role in CAP in children < 5 years and for early diagnosis of infection, use of more than one method i.e. PCR and serology both is advisable.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , Male , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , PrevalenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The contribution of Chlamydia spp in respiratory tract infections in paediatric population from India has not been studied in detail. METHODS: Sixty children under five years of age who were admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infection during a one year period were investigated for Chlamydial aetiology of respiratory infection. Diagnosis was based on antigen detection by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) in throat swab along with anti-Chlamydial immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody demonstration by solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS: Chlamydia spp antigen was detected in seven (11.6%) cases, C. pneumoniae in six (10%) and C. trachoniatis in one (1.6%). Chlamydia spp IgG antibody in serum was demonstrated in 24 (40%) cases, of which C. pneumoniae IgG was denconstrated in 18 (30%) cases. Taking the criteria of antigen detection (n=7) and high IgG antibody titre of > or = 1:512 (n=5) for a positive case, 12 (20%) children were found to be suffering from recent Chlamydial infection. CONCLUSION: Chlamydia spp plays a significant role in respiratory tract infections in Indian paediatric population. Diagnostic procedure like antigen detection in throat swab is rapid, less cumbersome and feasible and should be more widely used along with antibody demonstration to determine the aetiological agent early in the course of illness.
Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Age Distribution , Child, Preschool , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Distribution , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Adolescent males are considered to be an important genital chlamydial reservoir. However, there has been little information on urethral chlamydial infection in Thai adolescent males. About one fourth of males who are genital chlamydial reservoirs are asymptomatic. An appropriate means of defining the extent of chlamydial infection in adolescent males would be a non-invasive screening survey, instead of the conventional method of a deep swab cell culture, which is painful. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and to determine what factors should indicate the use of a screening test for urethral chlamydial infection in adolescent males residing in Chiang Mai. Chlamydial urethritis was detected by examining urine deposits for chlamydial antigen by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Chi-Square Distribution , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Prevalence , Thailand/epidemiology , Urethritis/microbiologySubject(s)
Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/instrumentation , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Se presentan los resultados de laparoscopías diagnósticas realizadas en 278 pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Temuco, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 1993 y marzo de 1994. Se realiza laparoscopia diagnóstica y se certifica el diagnóstico de procesos inflamatorio pelviano utilizando los criterios de Hager. Se confirma el diagnóstico de proceso inflamatorio sólo en el 74 por ciento de los casos. Los hallazgos son concordantes con lo señalado en varias publicaciones en cuanto a otorgar un rol significativo a la laparoscopia diagnostica en los procesos inflamatorios pélvicos, con lo cual se logra un mejor diagnóstico diferencial. Se analizan las propiedades de sensibilidad y especificidad para los diferentes elementos clínicos y de laboratorio considerados en el diagnóstico de PIP. El test de inmunofluorescencia para Clamidias fue positivo en el 40,7 por ciento de las pacientes. Los gérmenes aerobios más frecuentemente encontrados corresponden a E. coli
Subject(s)
Humans , Laparoscopy , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/diagnosis , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Clinical Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/microbiology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Over seven years period [June 1983 to June 1991] 1200 cervical [Pap] smears were examined in the cytology laboratory in Medical City in Baghdad, and 84 smears showed cellular changes suggestive of having Chlamydical infection. These smears were destained, and restained with cytochemical periodic acid Schiff [PAS] technique for identification of Chlamydical infection. Of 56 smears containing cellular changes considered to be consistent with Chlamydical infection, 50 were positive using PAS technique. Of 28 smears showing non-specific changes possibly due 10 Chlamydical infection, 5 were positive with PAS. The results show that PAS technique is a rapid and reliable method and can be used in addition to Papanicolaou Stain
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Vaginitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
El agente del tracoma, miembro del género Chlamydia, se describió por Halberstaedter y Von Prowazek en 1907. La naturaleza de estos agentes patógenos, que al principio se consideraron como virus, se ha conocido como resultado de numerosos estudios bioquímicos, moleculares y biológicos, los que llevaron a la conclusión de que el género Chlamydia está constituido por microrganismos procarióticos que parasitan células eucarióticas; asimismo, estas investigaciones han revelado el ciclo de desarrollo intracelular, que es único entre los procariotes y que incluyen una partícula infecciosa para asegurar el tránsito entre células huésped y una estructura replicativa, intracelular y frágil. Como resultado de este parasitismo obligado y a su capacidad de infectar humanos y animales, estos agentes causan un gran número de enfermedades. Sin embargo, debido a su naturaleza bacteriana, las clamidias son sensibles y son inhibidas por una variedad de antibióticos. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión actualizada de estos puntos