ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the current leading causes of death and disability globally. Objective: To assess the effects of a basic educational program for cardiovascular prevention in an unselected outpatient population. Methods: All participants received an educational program to change to a healthy lifestyle. Assessments were conducted at study enrollment and during follow-up. Symptoms, habits, ATP III parameters for metabolic syndrome, and American Heart Association’s 2020 parameters of cardiovascular health were assessed. Results: A total of 15,073 participants aged ≥ 18 years entered the study. Data analysis was conducted in 3,009 patients who completed a second assessment. An improvement in weight (from 76.6 ± 15.3 to 76.4 ± 15.3 kg, p = 0.002), dyspnea on exertion NYHA grade II (from 23.4% to 21.0%) and grade III (from 15.8% to 14.0%) and a decrease in the proportion of current active smokers (from 3.6% to 2.9%, p = 0.002) could be documented. The proportion of patients with levels of triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (from 46.3% to 42.4%, p < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dL (from 69.3% to 65.5%, p < 0.001) improved. A ≥ 20% improvement of AHA 2020 metrics at the level graded as poor was found for smoking (-21.1%), diet (-29.8%), and cholesterol level (-23.6%). A large dropout as a surrogate indicator for low patient adherence was documented throughout the first 5 visits, 80% between the first and second assessments, 55.6% between the second and third assessments, 43.6% between the third and fourth assessments, and 38% between the fourth and fifth assessments. Conclusion: A simple, basic educational program may improve symptoms and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, but shows low patient adherence. .
Fundamentos: As doenças cardiovasculares são, atualmente, as maiores causas de óbito e incapacitação em todo o mundo. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa educativo básico para prevenção cardiovascular em uma população de pacientes ambulatoriais não selecionados. Métodos: Todos os participantes frequentaram um programa educativo de mudança para um estilo de vida saudável. Foram realizadas avaliações à admissão no estudo e durante o acompanhamento. Foram avaliados sintomas, hábitos, parâmetros do ATP III para síndrome metabólica e parâmetros da American Heart Association 2020 para saúde cardiovascular. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 15.073 participantes com idade ≥ 18 anos. Foi feita a análise de dados dos 3.009 pacientes que completaram a segunda avaliação. Foram documentados perda de peso (de 76,6 ± 15,3 para 76,4 ± 15,3 kg, p = 0,002), melhora da dispneia aos esforços graus II-NYHA (de 23,4% para 21,0%) e III (de 15,8% para 14,0%), e redução na proporção de fumantes ativos atuais (de 3,6% para 2,9%, p = 0,002). Houve melhora na proporção de pacientes com níveis de triglicérides > 150 mg/dL (de 46,3% para 42,4%, p < 0,001) e de colesterol LDL > 100 mg/dL (de 69,3% para 65,5%, p < 0,001). Houve melhora ≥ 20% na métrica AHA 2020 no nível classificado como ruim para tabagismo (-21,1%), alimentação (-29,8%), e nível de colesterol (23,6%). Foi documentada grande evasão como indicador substituto para baixa adesão de paciente nas primeiras 5 consultas, sendo 80% entre a primeira e a segunda avaliação, 55,6% entre a segunda e a terceira, 43,6% entre a terceira e a quarta, e 38% entre a quarta e a quinta. Conclusão: Um programa educativo básico e simples pode melhorar os sintomas e fatores de risco cardiovasculares modificáveis, mas conta com pouca adesão por parte dos pacientes. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Genetic Techniques , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Intracellular Space/microbiology , Anaplasma/genetics , Anaplasma/pathogenicity , Chlamydia/genetics , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Rickettsia/genetics , Rickettsia/pathogenicitySubject(s)
Chlamydia/isolation & purification , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/instrumentation , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosisABSTRACT
Bacterial culture of eye secretion from bovine and ovine infected eyes was done during a period of three years [1992-1994]. Moraxella bovis [M. bovis] in bovine and Branhamella ovis [B.ovis] in ovine cases were the most isolates. M. bovis was isolated from 72 of a total of 132 bovine cases [54.54%]. The other isolations were staphylococcus sp., streptoccus sp. Pseudomonas aeroginosa and non pathogenic moraxella sp. In sheep and goat B ovis was isolate from 7 cases of a total of 17 [41%] and two cases were non pathogenic moraxella sp. This observation indicates the high incidence of pathogenicity of B. ovis in these animals however the mechanism of bacterial infection is still unknown. Since Chlamydia and rickettsiae are tought to be responsible for primary conjunctivitis two methods of staining were employed to observe these organisms in eye epithelial cell: 1] Macchiavello staining and 2] modified Ziehl Nelson staining. Only two cases of cattle infected eyes showed chlamidial bodies with second staining method
Subject(s)
Keratoconjunctivitis/veterinary , Moraxella/pathogenicity , /pathogenicity , /pathogenicity , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Conjunctivitis/etiology , Cattle , Goats , SheepSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Vulvovaginitis/classification , Candida albicans/pathogenicity , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Colony Count, Microbial , Gardnerella vaginalis/pathogenicity , Herpes Genitalis/diagnosis , Herpes Genitalis/drug therapy , Herpes Genitalis/etiology , Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity , Trichomonas/pathogenicity , Vulvovaginitis/etiology , Vulvovaginitis/therapyABSTRACT
La neumopatía aguda comunitaria continúa siendo un tema de gran actualidad. Se comparan series internacionales con dos series realizadas entre los años 1990-1994 en las que se han identificado: Stretococcus pneumoniae como el agente causante del mayor número de neumonias (30 por ciento), pero se ha producido un incremento de los agentes atípicos, siendo la incidencia de Chlamydia pneumoniae de 40 por ciento (incluye un brote epidémico). Mycoplasma pneumoniae constituyó 8 por ciento de los hallazgos. Las opciones terapeúticas deben ser avaluadas en cada medio, considerando: aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, microorganismos predominantes y los patrones de resistencia de los mismos. En base a los hallazgos, se proponen esquemas terapéuticos, tomando en cuenta cinco situaciones tipo. Las estrategias de prevención están muy poco desarrolladas en el país, discutiéndose cuatro pilares básicos de las mismas: corrección de factores predisponentes, inmunización, quimioprofilaxis, e inmunoprofilaxis. Se hace especial hincapié en el uso de las vacunas antigripales y neumocócica. Las mismas están formalmente recomendadas en determinados grupos de riesgo, informándose sobre: indicaciones, efectos adversos, precauciones, revacunación y posibles contraindicaciones de las vacunas
Subject(s)
Humans , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Bacterial Vaccines , Viral Vaccines , Haemophilus influenzae/pathogenicity , Pneumonia , Chlamydia/pathogenicity , Risk Factors , Pneumonia/etiology , Pneumonia/microbiologyABSTRACT
Cervical swabs for the isolation of Chlamyda subgroup A and other pathogens were collected from 209 women at random. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 9.6% of women examined. There was a highly significant association between isolation of Chlamydia and the presence of cervical mucopus and ectopy. However, infection with Candida albicans, Trichomnonas vaginal and E. coli did not correlate significantly with chlamydial infection