Waist Circumference Above 80 cm Predicts Increased Systolic Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adult Women

Abstract Background: Among anthropometric measures for assessing adiposity-related risk, waist circumference (WC) is simple and fast to perform. Cut-off values for WC proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATP III) are categorized by gender and are not age-specific. Objective: To analyze the association between WC and cardiometabolic risk factors in adult women. Methods: A total of 164 healthy adult women were grouped by WC according to IDF and NCEP-ATP III cutoff values. Continuous variables were described as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of data. Variables were analyzed by unpaired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The correlation of WC categories with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides were examined by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Increased WC showed a significant correlation with SBP, DBP, glucose, HDL-c, and triglycerides. In bivariate linear regression, approximately 63.0 % of the variability of SBP (≥ 130 mmHg) among the age group 20-40 years was predicted by increased WC according to both criteria. Conclusion: A WC above 80 cm in women aged 20-40 years strongly predicted variability in SBP, calling attention to the importance of measuring WC for the monitoring and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in women in this age group.

Dieta aterogénica y alteración de los índices de riesgo cardiovascular / Atherogenic diet and alteration of cardiovascular risk indexes

Introducción: una alimentación muy selectiva y poco variada durante la primera infancia, puede modificar seriamente los índices de riesgo cardiovascular, ante lo cual, la detección de la alteración lipídica es de suma importancia para promover e implementar el cambio de hábitos. Caso clínico: se presenta una niña de 6 años con una dieta a base de alimentos industriales, a quien se le realizó un perfil lipídico, por considerar que la alimentación tan limitada que consumía era un factor de riesgo aterogénico. Esto permitió diagnosticar una marcada disminución del HDL-colesterol, hipertrigliceridemia y franca alteración de los índices de riesgo. Discusión: existe una relación directa entre la hipertrigliceridemia y el consumo de azúcares simples, presentes en las golosinas, postres o gaseosas. Además, las grasas saturadas e industriales (trans) son responsables de la disminución del colesterol HDL. Llamó la atención la contundencia que ejerció la alteración del laboratorio, sobre el accionar de los padres. Luego de 6 meses de poner en práctica las indicaciones, los valores y los índices de riesgo se normalizaron. Conclusiones: se destaca la importancia de realizar un perfil lipídico en niños mayores de 2 años cuando se detecta el consumo de una dieta aterogénica, dado que el descenso de colesterol HDL tiene relación directa con la alimentación y el estilo de vida. Un valor inferior a 45 mg/dL es un factor de riesgo que puede ser modificado(AU)

Introduction: a very selective and little varied diet during early childhood can seriously modify the cardiovascular risk indexes, and because of that the detection of lipid alteration is very important to promote and implement the change of habits. Clinical case: a 6-year-old girl was presented with a diet based on industrial foods. A lipid profile was made considering that the very limited diet she consumed was an atherogenic risk factor. This allowed diagnosing a marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and real alteration in the risk indexes. Discussion: there is a direct relation among hypertriglyceridemia and the consumption of simple sugars, which are present in sweets, desserts or sodas. In addition, saturated and industrial (trans) fats are responsible for lowering HDL cholesterol. It was significant the impact of the alteration in the laboratory results in the actions taken by the parents. After 6 months of putting the indications into practice, the values and risk indexes were normalized. Conclusions: it is highlighted the importance of performing a lipid profile in children older than 2 years when the consumption of an atherogenic diet is detected, since the decrease in HDL cholesterol is directly related to diet and lifestyle. A value below 45 mg/dL is a risk factor that can be modified(AU)

Role of HDL-C in health and disease.

Reverse cholesterol transport by high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been traditionally considered to be the most important mechanism by which HDL-C protects against atherosclerosis. Recently HDL-C has been shown to have cardioprotective effects at many levels which include prevention of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) oxidation, vascular wall inflammation and thrombosis. Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) is major constituent of HDL and is synthesised in the liver and intestine. ApoA-1 is lipidated by ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC A-1) which is rate limiting step in HDL biogenesis. Once in the plasma, the nascent HDL undergoes intensive remodelling. The HDL-C has important biological effects on endothelial cells, monocytes, Tlymphocytes, and platelets. Currently, the HDL is being tested as a therapeutic agent with beneficial role being shown in coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus. The reconstituted HDL (rHDL) is being tried also in neural damage.

Estado nutricional de trabajadores bajo turnos rotativos o permanentes / Nutritional state of workers under steady or rotating shifts

Restrictions of sleep predispose to experience, in the long-term, excess malnutrition and non-transmissible chronic diseases. The objective of this research has to study the influence of working shifts on nutritional status lipid profile and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Study of a series of cases considered a total of47 recruited workers from which 31 of them had a rotating shift (day and night) and 16 a steady shift (day). The nutritional assessment involved: BMI (Body Mass index), waist and hip circumference, tricipital, bicipital, sub scapular and supra iliac skin folds. Sleep hours were studied with a weekly record, food intake was studied by means of 24-hours dietary recall. It was determined: total cholesterol, c-HDL, c-LDL, blood triglycerides and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The sample was composed by 87 percent women and 13 percent men, average age of 38,7years [19,0] v/s 44,7[25¿2] (p=0,420) in rotating and steady shifts respectively. The rotating shift did not show any significant differences compared to the steady shift in terms of anthropometric parameters except for sub scapular skin fold that was significantly higher (p=0,032) in relation to the macronutrients intake. Lipid profile and glycerin did not show important differences (p=>0,05). The prevalence of the nutritional status was: rotating shift 35,4 percent normal, 45,1 percent overweight and 19,5 percent obese. On the other hand, the steady shift showed: 43,7 percent normal and 56¿ percent overweight. Seniority only in the rotating shift showed a positive correlation of BMI (r=0,436 p<0,005) body fat (r=0,454 p<0,005) total cholesterol (r= 0,¿94 p<0,005) LDL (r=0,484 p<0,005) and glycerin (r=0,405 p<0,005). We concluded that workers of the rotating and steady shift did not show significant differences among variables studied except for the sub scapular skin fold that was significantly higher in the rotating shift, that can be associated to predominantly central fat distribution.

Restricciones del sueño predisponen a padecer, a largo plazo, malnutrición por exceso y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El objetivo fue estudiar la influencia del turno laboral sobre estado nutricional, perfil lipídico y glicemia en ayuno. Estudio exploratorio del tipo de serie de casos, 47 reclutados; 31 turnos rotativos (día y noche), y 16 turno permanente (día). La evaluación nutricional se efectuó mediante el IMC, la circunferencia cintura-cadera y los pliegues tricipital, bícipital, subescapular y suprailiaco. Se estudió las horas sueño mediante un registro semanal, la ingesta dietética por encuesta de recordatorio de 24 horas. Se determinó el colesterol total, c-HDL, c-LDL, triglicéri-dos séricos y glicemia. La muestra estuvo representada en un 87 por ciento mujeres y 13 por ciento por hombres, cuya mediana de edad fue de 38,7 años [19,0] y 44,7[25,2] (p=0,420) en turno rotativo y permanente, respectivamente. El turno rotativo no mostró diferencias significativas respecto al turno permanente en los parámetros antropométricos a excepción, del pliegue subescapular que fue significativamente superior (p=0,032), respecto a ingesta de macronutrientes, perfil lipídico y glicemia tampoco mostró diferencias significativas (p=> 0,05). La prevalencia del estado nutricional en el turno rotativo fue en 35,4 por ciento normal, en 45,1 por ciento sobrepeso y en 19,5 por ciento obesidad, y turno permanente: 43,7 por ciento normal y 56,3 por ciento sobrepeso. La antigüedad laboral sólo en el turno rotativo se correlacionó positivamente con IMC (r=0,436 p<0,005), grasa corporal (r=0,454 p<0,005), el colesterol total (r= 0,394 p<0,005) el LDL (r=0,484 p<0,005) y la glicemia (r=0,405 p<0,005). En conclusión, los funcionarios del turno rotativo y permanente no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las variables estudiadas, a excepción del pliegue subescapular que fue significativamente mayor en el turno rotativo, lo que podría asociarse a la distribución de la...

Biological and biochemical studies on pollen grains date palm adding to rats diet

The present study was conducted on experimental animals show the effect of different levels [14%, 20% and 30%] of pollen grains of date palm on food intake, feed efficiency, serum lipid profile, serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT], serum urea and createnin. Twenty eight male albino rats sprague Dawley strain weighing [95-110g] ten weeks old. They were divided into 4 groups [7 rats each], the rats of the control group were fed on standard diet, and the other 3 groups were fed standard diet plus 14%, 20% and 30% of pollen grains respectively. Food and water were provided ad-libitam for 4 weeks, at the end of experiment blood sample was taken and organs were removed. Serum was separated and kept at -20C degree until analysis. The result showed that: Weight gain was highly significant in group [2] which received 14% pollen grains when compared to the control group. Higher values of food intake and feed efficiency ratio in group [2] and [3] compared to the control group. Significant decrease of serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL-c] in all treatment groups when compared to the control group. Significant decrease of low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] in forth group which received 30% of pollen grains and significant increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] in the same group when compared to control group. Significant decrease in serum glucose were among treatments compared to control group. Significant decrease in AST in group [4]. which received 30% of pollen grains, while there was a significant decrease in ALT in all treatment groups when compared to control group. Finally, there was a significant decrease in serum urea in both group 2 and 3 when compared to control group

Terapéutica hormonal de reemplazo, estudio prospectivo: 17 beta estradiol transdermal, efectos sobre las lipoproteínas LDL y HDL del colesterol plasmático y modificaciones en la sintomatología climatérica sistematizada / Hormone replacement therapy, prospective study: estradiol 17b, effects above the lipoproteins LDL and HDL of the plasmatic cholesterol and modifications in the climateric symptomatology

Se investigaron los resultados de estrogenoterapia transdermal sostenida, durante un año y medio, en una población homogeneizada. No solo la edad, ausencia de patología asociada, talla, peso, antigüedad en la menopausia, sino fundamentalmente el programa dietético y de ejercitación física, en el grupo tratado THR, 35 casos y el grupo control PHD, 56 casos, fuesen semejantes. Se enfatizó la motivación para el cumplimiento en 18 meses del programa higiénico dietético. Con respecto a las lipoproteínas del colesterol, el análisis de varianza anidado evidenció una curva descendente significativamente más pronunciada, en el grupo THR, que la pendiente descendente del grupo PHD. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En lo que atañe al HDL colesterol, la franca curva ascendente del grupo tratado difiere muy significativamente, de la curva muy levemente descendente, del grupo control. Interacción p < 1 por ciento. En la sintomatología se observó un impacto favorable general. Se realizó test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon y Wilcox comparando las observaciones con la basal y para comparar la THR el test U de Mann-Withney, que demostró diferencias significativas en orden decrecientes, para ostealgias, desinterés sexual, depresión y tuforadas