El plexo coroideo: historia, estructura, función, etimología y propuesta de cambio terminológico / The choroid plexus: history, structure, function, etymology and proposal for terminological change

RESUMEN: El plexo coroideo es una estructura del sistema nervioso central vinculada con la producción de parte del líquido cerebroespinal. Su conocimiento deriva de los tiempos de Herophilus de Calcedonia a quien se atribuye su nombre, el cual ha perdurado, asumiendo el componente coroideo como la forma de la piel de los animales después del proceso de curtido y preparado para diferentes usos en la industria. Se propone utilizar como nombre, uno estructural: el de plexo ventricular ependimario, para reemplazar el tradicional coroideo que indica similitud al cuero o piel encurtida de los animales.

SUMMARY: The choroid plexus is a structure of the central nervous system linked to the production of part of the cerebrospinal fluid. Its knowledge derives from the times of Herophilus of Chalcedon to whom its name is attributed, which has endured, assuming the choroidal component as the shape of the hide of animals following the tanning process preparing it for various industrial uses. It is proposed to use the structural name of the ependymal ventricular plexus to replace the traditional choroid that indicates similarity to leather tanning or cured animal hide.

Choroid plexus papilloma in a Rottweiler: computed tomographic, gross morfological and histological features / Papiloma do plexo coroide em um cão da raça Rottweiler: aspectos tomográficos, macroscópicos e histológicos

Among the tumors affecting the choroid plexus in dogs, the papilloma ranks second place in incidence after cell carcinoma tumors. Presumptive diagnosis can be made through imaging methods, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Definitive diagnosis of plexus choroid tumor is based on histopathological findings. This report presented the tomographic features of the brain in a 6-year-old intact female Rottweiler with choroid plexus papilloma. The computed tomography showed right lateral ventricle enlargement, midline deviation and an enhanced mass into the postcontrast phase. At necropsy, a mass on the floor of the right lateral ventricle was observed, associated with important ventricle dilatation. The histopathological analysis demonstrated the presence of neoplastic cell forms with papillary projections. The computed tomography proved to be an effective tool in the presumptive diagnosis of this kind of cerebral disorder.

Dentre os tumores que afetam o plexo coroide em cães, o papiloma figura como o segundo tipo de maior incidência, antecedido apenas pelo carcinoma. O diagnóstico presuntivo pode ser elaborado por meio de métodos de imagem, como a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética. O diagnóstico definitivo de tumor do plexo coroide é estabelecido com base nos achados histopatológicos. Relatamos os aspectos tomográficos do crânio em uma fêmea de 6 anos, inteira, da raça Rottweiler, com papiloma do plexo coroide. A tomografia computadorizada revelou dilatação do ventrículo lateral direito, desvio da linha média e a presença de uma massa, que sofreu realce na fase pós-contraste. À necropsia, foi observada uma massa sobre o assoalho do ventrículo lateral direito, associada à importante dilatação ventricular. A análise histopatológica demonstrou a presença de células poligonais neoplásicas, arranjadas em papilas longas. A tomografia computadorizada apresentou-se como uma ferramenta eficaz no diagnóstico presuntivo desse tipo de alteração cerebral.

Neuroanatomical correlation between choroid plexus mass in thechoroidal fissure and the interventricular foramen area

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between choroid plexus mass (g) in the choroidalfissure and the ipsilateral interventricular foramen area, bilaterally. Material and methods: We analyzed sevencadaveric specimens with exposed brain, reaching the transcallosum access in all specimens, dissecting thecorpus callosum to reach the left and right choroidal fissure. After identifying the thalamostriate and septalveins, we localized the interventricular foramen scrapping all the choroid plexus in that region as well asits posterior extension allowing us to completely visualize the III ventricle. The area of the interventricularforamen was calculated with a pachimeter using the formula ðR2. The choroid plexus mass was measured withan appropriate scale. The choroid plexus mass and ipsilateral interventricular foramen correlation was evaluatedby the Pearson correlation. Results and conclusion: Neither difference between right and left choroid plexusmass was observed (Student t test – p = 0.374) nor with interventricular foramen area (p = 0.345) andwe decided to evaluate the 14 results together. There was correlation between choroid plexus mass and itsrespective IF (r = 0.6863; p < 0.01). A better knowledge of the choroidal fissure is very important to a moreprecise approach to the pathologic processes that affect the III ventricle. Different from the transforaminal,interforniceal, subchoroidal, and subforniceal, the choroidal fissure access is a natural approach. We speculatethat undetermined etiology hydrocephaly may have its origins in a deficit of ventricular drainage or in thechoroid plexus excess.

Choroid plexus cysts and their anatomical correlations: importance in fetal prognosis. A critical literature review

The objective of this investigation was to carry out a literature review on the choroid plexus cysts and theirimportance in fetal prognosis with search on PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS and MEDLINE databases usingkeywords in English without time restrictions. Choroid plexus cysts, which are also termed intraventricularneuroepithelial cysts, choroid epithelial cysts or ependimary cysts, are structures localized within the interiorof the lateral ventricles, comprising secretory epithelium, the principal function of which is the production ofcerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasound images of the choroid plexuses within the lateral ventricles consist of hyperechogenicstructures at the level of the body, trigon and inferior horn of the ventricles. Between the 16th andthe 20th week of gestation, cystic structures in the interior of the ventricular plexuses may be observed at arate of 0.3-1.0% in an ultrasound examination of the fetal head, as is shown. Most choroid plexus cysts regressspontaneously without after effects, although there is a possible association with chromosomal abnormalities,notably trisomy 18 (Edwards’ syndrome) and less frequently cited, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). The presenceof this kind of cyst is considered to be a lesser marker for them, except when combined with other morefrequently used and accepted ecographic markers, such as nuchal translucency, intracardiac echogenic focusand others. Its isolated presence as the sole characteristic of this aneuploidy is rare. The majority of choroidcysts are transitory and of little clinical significance, and may be identified through a computerized tomographyexamination. As such, the existence of isolated choroid cysts does not indicate the confirmation of chromosomalaneuploidies so much as an alarm that should trigger an investigation in greater depth in search ofother more important markers, emphasizing the importance of pre-natal monitoring.

Ultrastructural changes of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles of rats, rattus norvegicus, submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism, followed by alcohol withdrawal

Cuarenta ratas machos adultas se dividieron en dos grupos de 20 animales cada uno (grupos control y experimentales). El grupo experimental recibió alcohol de caña de azúcar comercial, marca "51 Pirassununga", diluida a 30º g/L como dieta líquida por un período de 240 días y agua potable por los siguientes 60 días. Los animales se sacrificaron después de 60, 120, 180, 240 y 300 días de tratamiento. Se observaron varios cambios morfológicos en el grupo experimental de animales de hasta 240 días de tratamiento, encontrándose dilatación de las cisternas del retículo endoplasmático rugoso, espacios intercelulares aumentados, espacios entre las interdigitaciones basolaterales de las células, inflamación del tejido conjuntivo y presencia de una gran cantidad de células pinocíticas, de vacuolas digestivas y de vesículas con contenido electrolúcido a lo largo del citoplasma. Después de 300 días de tratamiento, el grupo experimental de animales presentó una regresión importante de los cambios descritos. No se observó cambios en el grupo de animales control

Líquido cefalorraquiano: aspectos anatômicos das principais estruturas envolvidas na sua formaçäo, circulaçäo e absroçäo / Cerebrospinal fluid: morphological aspects of the structure involved in the formation, circulation and absortion

Este trabalho teve por objetivo a atualizaçäo dos aspectos anatômicos das estruturas envolvidas na formaçäo, circulaçäo e absorçäo do líquido cefalorraquiano através de uma revisäo das publicaçöes científicas dos últimos dez anos, englobando os periódicos nacionais e internacionais disponíveis no Brasil.