ABSTRACT
La sialoadenitis crónica esclerosante puede extenderse desde una sialoadenitis focal hasta una cirrosis completa de la glándula. Aparece entre los 40 y 70 años de edad y afecta principalmente a la glándula submandibular. Se asocia con sialolitos y agentes infecciosos inespecíficos. La causa más frecuente de sialolitiasis es la formación de cálculos macroscópicamente visibles en una glándula salival o en su conducto excretor, de los cuales el 80 % al 90 % provienen de la glándula submandibular. Esta predilección probablemente se deba a que su conducto excretor es más largo, más ancho y tiene un ángulo casi vertical contra la gravedad, contribuyendo así a la estasis salival. Además, la secreción semimucosa de la misma es más viscosa. El sitio principal de ubicación de los litos en el conducto submandibular es la región hiliar con un 57 %. La sintomatología típica de la sialolitiasis es el cólico con tumefacción de la glándula y los dolores posprandiales. Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 55 años, quien ingresa al servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital General Balbuena de la Ciudad de México por presentar un aumento de volumen en la región submandibular izquierda de consistencia dura y dolorosa a la palpación de 15 días de evolución, acompañada de aumento de temperatura en la zona compatible con un absceso. Los estudios de imagen reportan un sialolito en la región hiliar del conducto submandibular de 2,0 x 1,7 x 1,0 cm. Debido a su localización y tamaño, el tratamiento ideal en estos casos es la escisión de la glándula junto con el lito previo drenaje del absceso e inicio de terapia antibiótica doble.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis can range from focal sialadenitis to complete cirrhosis of the gland. It appears between 40 and 70 years of age and mainly affects the submandibular gland. It is associated with sialoliths and nonspecific infectious agents. The most common cause of sialolithiasis is the formation of macroscopically visible stones in a salivary gland or its excretory duct, of which 80 % to 90 % come from the submandibular gland. This predilection isprobably due to the fact that their excretory duct is longer, wider and has an almost vertical angle against gravity, thus contributing to salivary stasis. In addition, the semimucous secretion of it is more viscous. The main location of the stones in the submandibular duct is the hilar region with 57 %. The typical symptomatology of sialolithiasis is colic with swelling of the gland and postprandial pain. We report the case of a 55-year-old male patient, who was admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Hospital General Balbuena in Mexico City due to an increase in volumen in the left submandibular region that was hard and painful on palpation of 15 days of evolution, accompanied by increased temperature in the area compatible with an abscess. Imaging studies report a 2.0 x 1.7 x 1.0 cm sialolith in the submandibular duct hilar region. Due to its location and size, the ideal treatment in these cases is excision of the gland together with the stone previous drainage of the abscess and initiation of dual antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sialadenitis/diagnostic imaging , Submandibular Gland/surgery , Tuberculosis, Oral/diagnostic imaging , Sialadenitis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Oral/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Drainage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, common pathogens in children with vulvovaginitis. Methods: This was a retrospective cases study. A total of 3 268 children with vulvovaginitis were enrolled, who visited the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the age of <7, 7-<10 and 10-18 years. Patients were also divided in to 4 groups according to the season of first visit. The pathogen distribution characteristics of infective vulvovaginitis were compared between the groups. Their clinical data were collected and then analyzed by χ2 test. Results: The were 3 268 girls aged (6.2±2.5) years. There were 1 728 cases (52.9%) aged <7 years, 875 cases (26.8%) aged 7-<10 years, and 665 cases (20.3%) aged 10-18 years. Of these cases, 2 253 cases (68.9%) were bacterial vulvovaginitis, 715 cases (21.9%) were fungal vulvovaginitis and 300 cases (9.2%) were vulvovaginitis infected with other pathogens. Bacterial culture of vaginal secretions was performed in 2 287 cases, and 2 287 strains (70.0%) of pathogens were detected, of which the top 5 pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes (745 strains, 32.6%), Haemophilus influenzae (717 strains, 31.4%), Escherichia coli (292 strains, 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (222 strains, 9.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (67 strains, 2.9%). Regarding different age groups, H.influenzae was the most common in children under 7 years of age (40.3%, 509/1 263), S.pyogenes (41.9%, 356/849) was predominantly in children aged 7 to 10 years, and E.coli was predominant in children aged 10 to 18 years (26.3%, 46/175). Susceptibility results showed that S.pyogenes was susceptible to penicillin G (610/610, 100.0%), ceftriaxone (525/525, 100.0%), and vancomycin (610/610, 100.0%); the resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 91.9% (501/545)and 90.7% (495/546), respectively. For H.influenzae, 32.5% (161/496) produced β-elactamase, and all strains were sensitive to meropenem (489/489, 100.0%) and levofloxacin (388/388, 100.0%), while 40.5% (202/499) were resistant to ampicillin. Among E.coli, all strains were sensitive to imipenem(100%, 175/175). The resistance rates of E.coli to levofloxacin and ceftriaxone were 29.1% (43/148) and 35.1% (59/168), respectively. A total of 48 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were isolated with a proportion of 28.3% (45/159) in 3 268 patients. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that all MRSA strains were sensitive to linezolid 100.0% (40/40), vancomycin (45/45, 100.0%), and tigecycline (36/36, 100.0%); the resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 100% (45/45), 95.6% (43/45) and 88.9% (40/45), respectively. All methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains were sensitive to oxacillin (114/114, 100.0%), linezolid (94/94, 100.0%), vancomycin (114/114, 100.0%), and tigecycline (84/84, 100.0%); it's resistance rates to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were 78.1% (89/114), 59.7% (68/114) and 46.5% (53/114), respectively. The drug resistance rate of MSSA to penicillin G, erythromycin and clindamycin were lower than those of MRSA (χ²=11.71,19.74,23.95, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusions: The age of consultation for pediatric infectious vulvovaginitis is mainly around 6 years. The most common pathogens are S.pyogenes, H.influenzae and Escherichia coli. Third generation cephalosporins can be used as the first choice of empirical anti-infection drugs. However, the results of drug susceptibility should be considered for targeted treatment.
Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Tigecycline/therapeutic use , Linezolid/therapeutic use , Levofloxacin/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Methicillin , Penicillin G/therapeutic use , Escherichia coli , Drug Resistance, BacterialABSTRACT
La mastoiditis enmascarada es una forma poco frecuente dentro de las complicaciones de las otitis medias, ya sean aguda o crónicas. Su principal característica es presentar poca o mínima sintomatología ótica y tener un curso larvado en el tiempo. Este diagnóstico debe ser correctamente sospechado, ya que eventualmente puede generar consecuencias otológicas graves y presentar complicaciones mayores a nivel intra o extratemporal. En este trabajo se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente pediátrica sana, a la cual se diagnostica mastoiditis enmascarada de tres meses de evolución complicada con absceso de Bezold. Se inicia desde el ingreso hospitalario esquema antibiótico bi-asociado y se realiza mastoidectomía simple, evolucionando de forma satisfactoria.
Masked mastoiditis is a rare complication of acute or chronic otitis media. Its main characteristic is to present little or minimal otic symptoms and has a slowly progressive course over time. This diagnosis must be suspected correctly because it can eventually generate serious otological consequences and present major complications at intra or extratemporal levels. We report the clinical case of a healthy pediatric patient, who was diagnosed with masked mastoiditis complicated with a Bezold's abscess. A bi-associated antibiotic scheme was started from admission and a timpanomastoidectomy was performed, with a satisfactory outcome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Otitis Media/complications , Mastoiditis/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Cefotaxime/therapeutic use , Mastoiditis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To report the case of an infant with infrequent cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of furuncular myiasis. Case description: The patient was a 4-month-old male who presented to the emergency department with a nodular skull lesion with edema, tenderness, pain, and purulent drainage, as well as progress of the ulcerated lesion and evidence of larvae inside. Antibiotic treatment was initiated, and the patient was taken to the operating room to remove the larvae, but he had no symptomatic improvement. A skull radiograph was taken to visualize the osteolytic lesion, and a 3D computed tomography scan showed osteomyelitis of the external parietal surface. Antibiotic management readjustment continued for a total of six weeks, and a skin flap was used with clinical improvement. Comments: Myiasis is defined as the infestation of vertebrates with fly larvae. In mammals, larvae can feed on host tissue and cause a wide range of infestations depending on their location in the body. The cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of myiasis described in this report seems to be an exceptional case.
RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de criança com osteomielite craniana infrequente como complicação da miíase furuncular. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, com quatro meses de idade, que se apresentou no pronto-socorro com lesão nodular no crânio com edema, sensibilidade, dor e drenagem purulenta, com evolução da lesão ulcerada e evidência de larva no interior. O tratamento com antibióticos foi iniciado e o paciente foi levado à sala de cirurgia para remover as larvas, mas não houve melhora. Uma radiografia do crânio foi realizada para visualizar a lesão osteolítica e uma tomografia computadorizada em 3D mostrou osteomielite da superfície parietal externa. O reajuste do tratamento com antibióticos foi mantido por um total de seis semanas e um retalho cutâneo foi realizado com melhora clínica. Comentários: Miíase é definida como a infestação de vertebrados com larvas de moscas. Nos mamíferos, as larvas podem se alimentar do tecido hospedeiro e causar uma ampla variedade de infestações, dependendo da sua localização no corpo. A osteomielite como complicação da miíase, apresentada nesse caso, parece ser uma forma não usual de complicação dessa doença.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Infant , Osteomyelitis/etiology , Skull Neoplasms/parasitology , Myiasis/complications , Myiasis/parasitology , Osteomyelitis/drug therapy , Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging , Patient Discharge/standards , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Rifampin/therapeutic use , Skull Neoplasms/pathology , Surgical Flaps/transplantation , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Radiography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Combined Modality Therapy , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation , Larva/parasitology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/administration & dosage , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use , Myiasis/diagnosisABSTRACT
La meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico, en particular del grupo A, o Streptococcus pyogenes, es una rara localización del grupo de infecciones invasivas por este microorganismo. Se presenta con frecuencia en niños sanos, sin factores predisponentes. Representa el 0,2-1 % de todas las meningitis. Generalmente, se instala por diseminación de la infección de un foco cercano. El agregado de clindamicina mejora la eficacia del tratamiento por su acción de inhibición de la síntesis proteica, que incluye la producción de toxina. La clindamicina incrementa la acción bactericida al actuar sobre el ribosoma bacteriano. La patogenia de la enfermedad no es clara; se propuso la asociación con exotoxinas. La coinfección con el virus influenza favorecería infecciones invasivas. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años de edad previamente sano con diagnóstico de meningitis por estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo A, localización poco frecuente en niños.
Beta hemolytic particularly of group A Streptococcus meningitis, is a rare site of the group of invasive infections caused by this microorganism. It occurs frequently in healthy children, without predisposing factors. It represents 0.2-1 % of all meningitis. It is usually installed by dissemination from a nearby focus. The addition of clindamycin improves the treatment efficacy by inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, including toxin production. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear, the association with exotoxins was proposed. Co-infection with the influenza virus would favor invasive infections. We present this case of a previously healthy 6-year-old boy with a diagnosis of beta hemolytic Streptococcus meningitis group A, a rare location in children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Meningitis/diagnosis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Peritoneal antibiotic or normal saline lavage is seen to be beneficial in order to reduce the pain or infection risk through laparoscopic surgeries. It can also be applied for laparoscopic colectomy surgeries. In this study, we have compared the effects of antibiotic solution lavage (gentamycin-clindamycin) with normal saline lavage in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery. Method In this double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), 40 patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery were divided into antibiotic and normal saline lavage groups (20 patients in each group). Post-operational pain, need for painkiller, white blood cells count, C-reactive protein level, duration of hospitalization and wound infection were compared in 30 days between the groups. Results Antibiotic lavage group had significantly less pain than the normal saline group (p < 0.05) through 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. C-reactive protein level, white blood cells count, painkiller use, and hospitalization duration were significantly lower in antibiotic group. However, there was no difference regarding wound or intra-abdominal infection between the both groups. Conclusion Using gentamicin-clindamycin peritonea lavage helps patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy surgery in pain reduction, need for painkillers and hospitalization duration.
Resumo Introdução A lavagem peritoneal com antibiótico ou com soro fisiológico normal é benéfica para reduzir o risco de dor ou de infecção durante cirurgias laparoscópicas, além de poder ser aplicada também em colectomias laparoscópicas. Neste estudo, comparamos os efeitos da lavagem com solução antibiótica (gentamicina-clindamicina) e da lavagem com solução salina normal em pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica. Método Neste Ensaio Clínico Randomizado (ECR), controlado e duplo-cego, 40 pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica foram divididos em dois grupos (20 pacientes em cada grupo) para receberem antibiótico ou solução salina normal. Dor pós-operatória, necessidade de analgésico, contagem de leucócitos, nível de proteína C-reativa, tempo de internação e infecção da ferida foram comparados entre os grupos em 30 dias. Resultados De forma significativa, o Grupo Antibiótico apresentou menos dor que o Grupo Salina Normal (p < 0,05) em 3, 6, 12 e 24 horas após a cirurgia. O nível de proteína C-reativa, a contagem de leucócitos, o uso de analgésicos e o tempo de internação foram significativamente menores no Grupo Antibiótico. Porém, não houve diferença em relação à infecção da ferida ou intra-abdominal entre os dois grupos. Conclusão O uso da lavagem peritoneal com gentamicina-clindamicina ajuda a reduzir a dor, a necessidade de analgésicos e o tempo de internação de pacientes submetidos à colectomia laparoscópica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy , Peritoneal Lavage , Laparoscopy , Colectomy/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Saline Solution/therapeutic use , Length of StayABSTRACT
Introducción: El término ''síndrome antifosfolipídico'' (SAF) describe la asociación de los anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (AAF) con un cuadro clínico de hipercoagulabilidad caracterizado por trombosis a repetición y abortos recurrentes. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de celulitis severa de periné en paciente con SAF y tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina. Caso clínico: Paciente de 39 años con embarazo de término con SAF tratado con hidroxicloroquina y anticoagulación que desarrolló una infección severa de partes blandas del periné que fue tratado con interrupción del embarazo, drenaje agresivo del periné y tratamiento antibiótico extenso con buena evolución. Conclusión: La asociación del tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina, embarazo y una complicación séptica es incierta. El tratamiento con inmunosupresión no es estándar y podría haber favorecido el mal pronóstico del cuadro clínico. (AU)
Objetive: To present a case of severe perineal cellulitis in a pregnant patient with Antiphospholipid syndrome treated wiht hidroxicloroquine. Case report: A 39 years old female pregnant patient with AFS treated with hidroxicloroquine and heparin developed severe perineal infection with systemic impairment. Final treatment included aggressive perineal drainage in multiple sessions, pregnancy delivered and systemic treatment with wide spectrum antibiotics and general measures. Discusion and Conclusion: Treatment with hidroxicloroquine, pregnancy and septic complication is infrequent. This approach is not standard and it could favored worst prognostic of the general syndrome. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Cellulitis/surgery , Cellulitis/drug therapy , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/drug therapy , Fournier Gangrene/surgery , Fournier Gangrene/drug therapy , Perineum/surgery , Perineum/injuries , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Meropenem/therapeutic use , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La piomiositis es la infección del músculo esquelético, entidad poco frecuente en pediatría. Objetivo: Describir las características de 21 niños con piomiositis. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo-analítico de niños ingresados con diagnóstico de piomiositis entre mayo de 2016 y abril de 2017 en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Resultados: Tasa de hospitalización de 21,5/10.000 admisiones (IC 95% 4,65- 71,43). La mediana de edad fue de 5,4 años (rango 1,25-11,6). El 90,4% presentaba algún factor predisponente. La localización más frecuente fue en miembros inferiores. La proteína C reactiva (PCR) estuvo elevada en todos los pacientes, con una media de 124 mg/L (DS 96), siendo significativamente más elevada en los pacientes que tuvieron hemocultivos positivos 206 (DS 101) vs 98 (DS 81), (p = 0,02). Se obtuvo rescate microbiológico en 17 pacientes (80,9%): Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) (n: 15) y Streptococcus pyogenes (n: 2). Se presentó con bacteriemia 23,8% de los pacientes. El 81% requirió drenaje quirúrgico. Conclusión: Staphylococcus aureus RM adquirido en la comunidad (SARMAC) es el patógeno predominante. En la selección del tratamiento empírico adecuado debería tenerse en cuenta: el patrón de resistencia local y el valor de PCR.
Background: Pyomyositis is the infection of skeletal muscle, a rare pathology in children. Aim To describe the characteristics of pyomyositis in pediatric patients. Methods: Prospective analytical study of hospitalized children diagnosed with pyomyositis from May 2016 to April 2017 at the Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Results: Twenty-one patients with pyomyositis were identified. Annual rate: 21.5/10,000 admissions (95% CI 4.65-71.43). The median age was 5.4 years (range 1.25-11.6). The lower limbs were the most affected site. C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated in all patients, with a mean of 124 mg/L (SD 96), being significantly higher in patients with bacteremia: 206 (DS 101) vs 98 (DS 81), p = 0.02. Bacterial cultures were positive in 17/21 (80.9%): 15 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and 2 Streptococcus pyogenes. Blood cultures were positive in 5 (23.8%). Conclusion: MRSA-community acquired is the predominant pathogen in our setting. In the selection of the appropriate empirical treatment, the local resistance pattern and the CRP value should be taken into account.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Pyomyositis/diagnosis , Argentina , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Drainage , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Lower Extremity , Pyomyositis/microbiology , Pyomyositis/drug therapy , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Hospitals, Pediatric , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a soft tissue infection with a low incidence, characterized by rapid progression and high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this report is to communicate the case of a patient diagnosed with cervical NF and its successful management. A 54-year-old male consulted after suffering from the condition for seven days. It was characterized by bilateral submandibular swelling, accompanied by fever, dysphagia, odynophagia, which were severely affecting the patient's general health. Physical examination revealed a painful, erythematous cervical swelling. A cervical computed tomography scan was performed, revealing a gaseous collection in the left mucosal pharyngeal space, extending to the glottis, associated with significant deep plane soft tissue emphysema onon the left side of the neck and with possible involvement of the danger space; pertinent lab findings include 19,190/uL leukocytes and 219mg/L CRP. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was initiated with ceftriaxone and clindamycin. Exploratory surgery, lavage and drainage of the collected material were performed. Streptococcus anginosus was isolated by culture. The patient recovered appropriately showing improvement in clinical as well as in inflammatory parameters, being discharged on the ninth day. He is currently receiving periodical checkups in the surgery polyclinic
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/microbiology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Drainage , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis , Streptococcus anginosus , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , NeckABSTRACT
Acne é a dermatose mais comum, acometendo cerca de 80% dos adolescentes e adultos jovens. É caracterizada por lesões não-inflamatórias (comedões abertos e/ou fechados) e por lesões inflamatórias (pápulas, pústulas, cistos ou nódulos) tipicamente localizados na face, pescoço, dorso, tórax e braços. A etiologia da acne vulgar resulta da associação dos seguintes fatores: hiperqueratinização e obstrução do infundíulo folicular, devido à descamação anormal do epitélio folicular; aumento da produção de sebo estimulada pelos andrógenos; colonização do folículo pelo Propionibacterium acnes, gerando inflamação. Esta guia apresenta informação que orienta a conduta para casos de acne no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, incluindo: classificação da acne vulgar, Características da acne vulgar, Erupção acneiforme, Diagnóstico da acne vulgar, Tratamento - Orientações gerais, Tratamento - Medicamentos, Terapia tópica, Antibióticos sistêmicos, Terapia antiandrogênica, Acne na Gestante, Acompanhamento, Encaminhamento para serviço especializado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acneiform Eruptions , Acne Vulgaris/diagnosis , Acne Vulgaris/therapy , Primary Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Tretinoin/therapeutic use , Benzoyl Peroxide/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Isotretinoin/therapeutic use , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Adapalene/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introducción: determinar el efecto del cemento endodóntico Apexit plus combinado con 5 antibióticos por separado contra el enterococcus faecalis, bacteria resistente y asociada directamente al fracaso endodóntico. Materiales y Método: Se utilizarón cepas de Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, las cuales fuerón cultivadas en infusión cerebro-corazón (BHI) a una temperatura de 37ºC y atmosfera facultativa, pasadas las 24 horas esta concentración bacteriana fue vertida en agar y seguidamente fueron dispensadas en las placas petri. Una vez que el agar estuvo gelidificado, se procedió hacer 3 agujeros o pozos por placa; los antibióticos fueron agregados por separado al cemento endodóntico Apexit plus en proporciones establecidas, y se colo caron en los pozos de las placas petri. Como grupo control se utilizaron los cinco antibióticos puros y el Apexit plus. En total fueron examinados 63 halos de inhibición, los que se midieron a las 24 y 48 horas encontrando que no existen diferencias significativas entre amobs tiempos. Resultados: Demostrarón que de todas las combinaciones antibiótico-apexit, la combinación Amoxicilina y Amoxicilina-Ácido clavulánico poseen el mejor efecto antibacteriano. Se encontró que el grupo metronidazol no tiene ningún efecto antibacteriano. Conclusión: El uso de antibióticos combinados ofrece resultados antimicrobianos más efectivos a nivel in vitro frente a cepas de Enterococcus faecalis. (AU)
Introduccións: This research work aims to determine the effect of endodontic Apexit cement plus combined with 5 antibiotics separately against enterococcus faecalis, bacteria resistant and directly associated with endodontic failure. Materials and methods: For this research was used strains of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, which were cultivated in infusion brain heart infusion (BHI) to a temperature of 37 ° C and atmosphere facultative, past the 24 hours this concentration bacterial was poured in agar and then were dispensed in the plates petri. Once the agar was gelidificado, we proceeded to make 3 holes or wells per plate; antibiotics were added separately to t he cement endodontic Apexit plus in set proportions, and were placed in the wells of the Petri dishes. As a group control are used them five antibiotics pure and the Apexit plus. In total were examined 63 halos of inhibition, which is measured to the 24 and 48 hours finding that not exist differences significant among both times. Results: The results showed that all combinations of antibiotic-apexit, the combination of amoxicillin and amoxicillin-acid clavulanic acid have better antibacterial effect. The Group found themselves metronidazole has no antibacterial effect. Conclusions: the use of antibiotics combined offers results antimicrobial more effective to level invitro facing strains of Enterococcus faecalis. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
FARMACOCINÉTICA: para la administración parenteral se emplea el fosfato de clindamicina, que por vía IM alcanza una concentración máxima de 4-5 microgramos/mL a las 2 h, con una dosis de 300 mg. La distribución es buena, alcanza concentraciones elevadas en hueso y líquidos sinovial, pleural y peritoneal. Llega muy mal al SNC, pero atraviesa la barrera placentaria. La unión a proteínas es de 60-95 por ciento y se elimina fundamentalmente por vía biliar, alcanza niveles muy altos en la bilis, si no existe obstrucción. La eliminación urinaria es muy escasa (6-10 por ciento); en la bilis y la orina se han detectado 2 metabolitos activos. La vida media de la clindamicina es 2-2,5 h en adultos sanos, en caso de anuria puede prolongarse hasta 6 h, aunque si la función hepática es normal, no es necesario modificar la dosificación. No se elimina por hemodiálisis o diálisis peritoneal. INDICACIONES: de elección en infecciones severas por anaerobios, especialmente debidas a Bacteroides fragilis. Sin embargo, debido a su riesgo potencial de colitis pseudomembranosa, su uso se reserva para cuando no se dispone de otros fármacos. Entre sus indicaciones se encuentran: abscesos hepáticos, actinomicosis, infecciones del tracto biliar, infecciones osteoarticulares por estafilococos, gangrena gaseosa, infecciones ginecológicas como vaginosis bacteriana, endometritis y enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica aguda (estas 2 últimas en combinación con un aminoglucósido), fascitis necrotizante, faringitis estreptocócica (usualmente para tratar el estado de portador), abscesos pulmonares y septicemia. Se ha empleado en la profilaxis de infecciones estreptocócicas perinatales y combinado con otros antibióticos en la profilaxis de cirugías que lo requieran. La clindamicina también presenta acciones contra protozoos y se ha utilizado, en combinación con otros antiprotozoarios para el tratamiento de malaria, babesiosis, toxoplasmosis y en la neumonía por P. carinii. CONTRAINDICACIONES: hipersensibilidad a la clindamicina o lincomicina. USO EN POBLACIONES ESPECIALES: niños: no se recomienda su uso en recién nacidos y niños prematuros. LM: compatible. E: categoría de riesgo B. DR: ajustar dosis. DH: ajustar dosis. PRECAUCIONES: LM: evaluar relación beneficio-riesgo para su uso durante la lactancia materna. Neonatos: la forma inyectable contiene alcohol bencílico, queha sido relacionado con aparición de acidosis metabólica, compromiso neurológico, respiratorio, renal e hipotensión arterial que puede ser fatal. En tratamientos a largo plazo se recomienda realizar pruebas de función renal y hepática. Pacientes con antecedentes de colitis ulcerativa o relacionada con el antibiótico: retirar inmediatamente en presencia de diarrea severa o colitis (los ancianos y las mujeres son más propensos a estas complicaciones del tratamiento). Posible reacción cruzada con doxorrubicina. Los pacientes con sida parecen ser más susceptibles a la aparición de reacciones adversas. Evitar en porfiria. Evitar la administración IV rápida. REACCIONES ADVERSAS: frecuentes: colitis por Clostridium difficile, diarrea, anorexia, náuseas, vómitos, flatulencia, distensión abdominal, trastorno del gusto con sabor metálico (altas dosis), elevación transitoria de las enzimas hepáticas. Ocasionales: reacciones de hipersensibilidad, erupciones cutáneas, fiebre, eosinofilia, superinfecciones bacterianas y micóticas. Raras: reacciones anafilácticas, neutropenia, trombocitopenia, flebitis, poliartritis, dermatitis exfoliativa, ictericia, daño hepático, efecto depresor sobre la contractilidad muscular. La administración IM puede ocasionar abscesos estériles en el sitio de la inyección y la vía IV puede provocar tromboflebitis. INTERACCIONES: la clindamicina presenta actividad bloqueante neuromuscular en altas dosis y puede potenciar los efectos de otros agentes bloqueadores neuromusculares con riesgo para desarrollar depresión respiratoria. Antagoniza el efecto de eritromicina, cloramfenicol, neostigmina y piridostigmina. Antidiarreicos absorbentes: disminuye la absorción oral por caolín. Incompatibilidad física con ampicilina, fenitoína, barbitúricos, aminofilina, gluconato de calcio, sulfato de magnesio, ceftriaxona y ranitidina. POSOLOGÍA: la fórmula inyectable no debe ser administrada por vía IV sin diluir, no más de 1 200 mg en infusión única en 1 h, ni más de 600 mg por vía IM en una aplicación. La dosis por vía IM profunda o en infusión IV es de 0,6 a 2,7 g/día en 2-4 dosis divididas; hasta 4,8 g/día se han administrado en sepsis severas. En niños mayores de 1 mes de edad, la dosis es de 15 a 40 mg/kg/día en dosis divididas; en infecciones severas deben recibir no menos de 300 mg/día. En neonatos la dosis es de 15 a 20 mg/kg/día. En babesiosis ( B. microti) la clindamicina se puede administrar por vía IV 1,2 g 2 veces/día. En la neumonía por P. carinii, en pacientes con sida se puede utilizar la clindamicina (600 mg por vía IV) durante 21 días, como una opción si no se puede usar cotrimoxazol. Se recomienda una dilución para infusión IV en no más de 18 mg/mL y a una velocidad no mayor que 30 mg/min; 300 mg/50 mL durante 10 min; 600 mg/100 mL durante 20 min; 900 mg/100 mL durante 30 min. TRATAMIENTO DE LA SOBREDOSIS AGUDA Y EFECTOS ADVERSOS GRAVES: medidas generales. Suspender la clindamicina si existen diarreas severas o colitis e iniciar hidratación. En casos severos se utiliza metronidazol o vancomicina. No usar antidiarreicos tipo difenoxilato o loperamida. NIVEL DE DISTRIBUCIÓN: uso exclusivo de hospitales LABORATORIO PRODUCTOR: Empresa Laboratorios AICA(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Injections, IntramuscularABSTRACT
La displasia fibrosa es una lesión congénita, lentamente progresiva que puede provocar graves alteraciones morfológicas y funcionales, y estar sujeta a complicaciones de tipo infeccioso. En este reporte de caso se presenta a un paciente masculino de 8 años de edad diagnosticado con una displasia fibrosa madura luego de un hallazgo incidental durante un examen de rutina, el paciente durante el curso de los últimos cinco años ha presentado osteomielitis a repetición en el sitio de biopsia y de exfoliación dentaría, el cuadro clínico se ha tratado mediante curetajes y aseos quirúrgicos y con la indicación antibiótica de clindamicina sin resultados positivos. Se concluye que el manejo de las displasias fibrosas maduras puede ser difícil una vez que se ha instalado un proceso infeccioso crónico sin poder dar de alta al paciente, manteniéndolo permanentemente en control. (AU)
Fibrous dysplasia is a slowly progressive congenital lesion that can cause serious morphological and functional alterations , and complications of infectious type . This case report presents a 8 years old male patient diagnosed with a mature fibrous dysplasia after an incidental finding during a routine examination, the patient during the course of the last five years has been presented recurrent osteomyelitis episodes in the biopsy site and temporal tooth during exfoliation, it has been treated by surgical curettage and clindamycin with no positive results. We conclude that the management of mature fibrous dysplasia can be difficult once a chronic infectious process has been installed without being able to discharge the patient, constantly keeping it in control.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Osteomyelitis/complications , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/diagnosis , Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone/therapyABSTRACT
A tromboflebite supurativa da veia jugular interna ou síndrome de Lemierre foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1900. O evento inicial mais frequente é a infecção de orofaringe associada à trombose da veia jugular interna. Embora uma entidade rara, a síndrome de Lemierre continua a ser uma doença de morbidade e mortalidade consideráveis devido à sua progressão e atrasos de diagnóstico.
Suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, or Lemierre syndrome, was described for the first time in 1900. The most common initial event is an infection of the oropharynx associated with thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. While it is a rare entity, Lemierre syndrome remains a disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality, due to its progression and to delays in diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Penicillins , Lemierre Syndrome/diagnosis , Lemierre Syndrome/drug therapy , Lemierre Syndrome/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objetivo: determinar la eficacia del uso secuencial de clindamicina - triamcinolona intravítreas en el tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis retinal severa (definida como aquella que afecta la macula y/o el nervio óptico) y de las toxoplasmosis atípicas difusas. Métodos: se evaluaron prospectivamente 22 ojos de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis retinal severa, manejados con clindamicina intravítrea (4,5mg/0,03 cc) seguida, una semana después, de la aplicación de triamcinolona intravítrea (4mgs/0,1 cc). La agudeza visual se midió y se convirtió a LogMAR y se realizó una comparación con la prueba de Wilcoxon para establecer diferencias. Resultados: el 82% (18 pacientes) de los ojos tratados con este esquema presentaron mejoria de la agudeza visual, el 9 % (2 pacientes), se estabilizaron, el 9% (2 pacientes), empeoraron después del tratamiento. Sin tratamiento, el 74% de los pacientes (16 pacientes) tenían visión menor a 20/200. Con el tratamiento, este porcentaje disminuyó al 26% (6 pacientes). La agudeza visual expresada en LogMAR cambió después del tratamiento, pasando de 1.05 antes del tratamiento a 0,51, con una significancia estadística valor de p=0.002. Luego del tratamiento, 12 de los 22 pacientes (54%), estaban por encima de 20/50, logrando 20/20 en tres casos y 20/25 en cinco casos. No se observaron casos de hipertensión ocular, y se reportaron cinco complicaciones durante el tratamiento. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de toxoplasmosis retinal severa con el esquema de clindamicina intravítrea seguida de triamcinolona intravítrea muestra resultados positivos. Este tratamiento se puede recomendar para casos de toxoplasmosis retinales severas, definidas como aquellas que comprometen mácula, nervio óptico o toxoplasmosis difusas atípicas.
Objective: to determine the efficacy of sequential use of intravitreal clindamycin - intravitreal triamcinolone in the treatment of retinal toxoplasmosis severe (defi ned as one that affects the macula and / or the optic nerve) and diffuse atypical toxoplasmosis. Methods: we prospectively evaluated 22 eyes of 22 patients diagnosed with severe retinal toxoplasmosis, managed with intravitreal clindamycin (4,5mg/0,03 cc) followed a week later, the application of intravitreal triamcinolone(4mgs/0,1 cc). Visual acuity was measured and converted to LogMAR. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon test. Results: 82% (18 patients) of eyes treated with this system showed improved visual acuity, 9% (2 patients), stabilized, 9% (2 patients), worsened after treatment. Without treatment, 74% of patients (16 patients) had less than 20/200 vision. With treatment, this percentage decreased to 26% (6 patients). Visual acuity in LogMAR changed after treatment from 1,05 to 0,51 with statistical significance p=0,002. After treatment, 12 of 22 patients (54%) were above 20/50, 20/20 achieved in three cases and 20/25 in five cases. No cases of ocular hypertension and five complications were reported during treatment. Conclusions: The treatment of severe retinal toxoplasmosis with clindamycin scheme followed by intravitreal triamcinolone shows positive results. This treatment could be recommended for severe cases of retinal toxoplasmosis, defined as those that involve the macula, optic nerve, or diffuse atypical toxoplasmosis.
Subject(s)
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/therapy , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Eye Infections/therapy , Triamcinolone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo beta-hemolítico del grupo A) (SGA) y Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, (estreptococos beta-hemolíticos grupos C y G) (SDSE) son capaces de provocar enfermedades graves como la fascitis necrotizante y el síndrome de shock tóxico estreptocócico (SSTE) y de causar complicaciones posinfecciosas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar resultados de un estudio multicéntrico y compararlo con diferentes estudios descriptivos previos sobre infecciones invasivas por estreptococos beta-hemolíticos de los grupos A, C y G, también realizados en la Argentina. Se incluyeron 54 pacientes de 0 a 15 años con infecciones invasivas por SGA (N=50) o SDSE (N=4) en forma prospectiva entre julio de 2011 y junio de 2012 en 28 centros de 17 ciudades argentinas. Se aisló S. pyogenes en 28 pacientes que presentaron bacteriemia, 6 de ellas sin foco. Cuatro pacientes (7,4%) presentaron SSTE, en todos los casos por S. pyogenes. La mortalidad fue del 2,0% para SGA. La evolución de los pacientes fue peor en los tres estudios anteriores respecto del actual: mayor porcentaje de casos de SSTE (diferencias no significativas) y mayor mortalidad (diferencia significativa respecto de dos estudios previos). Es probable que la morbimortalidad haya decrecido en esta última década en la Argentina posiblemente debido al uso temprano de clindamicina en las infecciones invasivas por S. pyogenes y SDSE, aunque no se puede descartar la diferente circulación de cepas virulentas. Esta apreciación además está sesgada por la inclusión de pacientes de distintos centros con diferentes formas de presentación inicial (AU)
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS)) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (group C and G ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GCGS)) may cause severe diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) as well as postinfectious complications. The aim of this report was to present the results of a multicenter study and compare them with the results of different previous descriptive studies on invasive infections due to beta-hemolytic streptococcus groups A, C, and G that were also conducted in Argentina. Forty-five patients between 0 and 15 years of age with invasive infections due to GAS (N=50) or GCGS (N=4) were prospectively included in the study between July 2011 and June 2012 from 28 centers in 17 Argentine cities. S. pyogenes was isolated in 28 patients who presented with bacteremia, without a focus in six. Four patients (7.4%) had STSS, due to S. pyogenes in all of them. In patients with GAS, mortality rate was 2.0%. Outcome of the patients was worse in previous studies than in the present one: Percentages of cases with STSS (no significant difference) and mortality (significant difference) were higher. It is probable that over the last decade morbidity and mortality have decreased in Argentina, possibly due to the early use of clindamycin in invasive infections due to S. pyogenes and GCGS, although a different circulation of virulent strains cannot be ruled out. Additionally, this observation is biased by the inclusion of patients from different centers with different presentations at onset (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus/isolation & purification , Streptococcus/classification , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification , Bacteremia , Argentina/epidemiology , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Incidence , MortalityABSTRACT
La toxoplasmosis es una infección oportunista causada por el parásito Toxoplasma gondii; su infección es grave y de difícil diagnóstico en pacientes que reciben un trasplante alogénico de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH). En el Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. "Profesor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan" se realizó la vigilancia postrasplante de 12 pacientes receptores de TCPH mediante la técnica de PCR cualitativa. La necesidad de seguimiento de estos pacientes fue definida por el antecedente de serología positiva para toxoplasmosis en el donante o receptor y ante la imposibilidad de iniciar el uso profiláctico de trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol a causa de la condición hematológica. Dos pacientes presentaron signos de enfermedad por T. gondii con resultado de PCR positivo y recibieron tratamiento con pirimetamina-clindamicina. En otros dos, la toxoplasmosis fue causa de muerte y hallazgo de autopsia, con resultado de PCR negativo. Cuatro pacientes recibieron tratamiento contra toxoplasmosis por la detección de una PCR positiva, sin manifestaciones clínicas. En los cuatro pacientes restantes no se detectaron signos de enfermedad por toxoplasmosis, con resultados de PCR negativos durante el seguimiento. La técnica de PCR cualitativa demostró ser útil para detectar la reactivación de la toxoplasmosis en receptores de TCPH, pero tiene limitaciones para el seguimiento y la toma de decisiones clínicas en pacientes con PCR positiva que persiste en el tiempo y manifestaciones de toxicidad por el tratamiento.
Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The infection is severe and difficult to diagnose in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Twelve patients receiving HSCT were monitored post-transplant, by qualitative PCR at the Children's Hospital S.A.M.I.C. "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan". The monitoring of these patients was defined by a history of positive serology for toxoplasmosis in the donor or recipient and because their hematologic condition did not allow the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis. During the patients' monitoring, two of them with positive PCR results showed signs of illness by T. gondii and were treated with pyrimethamine-clindamycin. In two other patients, toxoplasmosis was the cause of death and an autopsy finding, showing negative PCR results. Four patients without clinical manifestations received treatment for toxoplasmosis because of positive PCR detection. In four patients there were no signs of toxoplasmosis disease and negative PCR results during follow-up. The qualitative PCR technique proved useful for the detection of toxoplasmosis reactivation in HSCT recipients, but has limitations in monitoring and making clinical decisions due to the persistence of positive PCR over time and manifestations of toxicity caused by the treatment.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , DNA, Protozoan/blood , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Allografts , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Opportunistic Infections/parasitology , Opportunistic Infections/transmission , Predictive Value of Tests , Premedication , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/parasitology , Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Tissue Donors , Toxoplasmosis/etiology , Toxoplasmosis/parasitology , Toxoplasmosis/transmission , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationABSTRACT
Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad de los bacteriófagos frente a infecciones localizadas y sistémicas producidas por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo experimental en 45 ratones de la cepa Balb/c divididos en nueve grupos de cinco individuos. Se aislaron diez bacteriófagos nativos a partir de muestras clínicas y efluentes hospitalarios, se evaluó su capacidad lítica y su espectro de actividad, en base a lo cual se seleccionaron seis fagos para los ensayos de fagoterapia. Adicionalmente, se empleó un bacteriófago de origen comercial. La fagoterapia fue evaluada mediante profilaxis y terapia de infecciones localizadas y sistémicas causadas por la inoculación de MRSA por vía subcutánea y endovenosa respectivamente. Se probó la efectividad de tres esquemas terapéuticos: monoterapia, cóctel de fagos en múltiples dosis y de cóctel de fagos en una sola dosis. También se comparó la actividad terapéutica de los fagos frente a vancomicina y clindamicina. Resultados. El cóctel de fagos y la terapia a diversas dosis fueron efectivos para prevenir y controlar infecciones localizadas por MRSA, su actividad fue similar a la de vancomicina y clindamicina. La dosis única del cóctel de fagos no logró controlar la infección localizada; asimismo, la fagoterapia no resultó efectiva en infecciones sistémicas. Conclusiones. La fagoterapia se proyecta como una alternativa viable frente a infecciones causadas por MRSA. Se requieren estudios que evalúen aspectos relacionados con la inocuidad de los fagos frente al paciente.
Objectives: To assess the bacteriophage activity in localized and systemic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicilin (MRSA). Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed in 45 mice of the Balb/c strain divided in nine groups of five individuals. Ten naive bacteriophages were isolated through clinical samples and hospital effluents. Lytic capacity and spectrum activity was evaluated on the basis of which six phages were selected for phagotherapy trials. Additionally, a commercial bacteriophage was used. The phagotherapy was evaluated through prophylaxis, and therapy of localized and systemic infections caused by MRSA by subcutaneous and intravenous inoculation, respectively. The effectiveness of three therapeutic schemes was tested: monotherapy, phage cocktail in multiple doses and phage cocktail in a single dose. The therapeutic activity of the phages was also compared with vancomycin and clindamycin. Results. The phage cocktail and the diverse dose therapy were effective in preventing and controlling MRSA localized infections; its activity was similar to the vancomycin and clindamycin activity. The single dose phage cocktail failed to control localized infection and phagotherapy was not effective in systemic infections. Conclusions. Phagotherapy could be a viable alternative for infections caused by MRSA. Further studies that assess related aspects to phages and patient safety are required.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Bacteriophages , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Vancomycin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
No abstract available.