ABSTRACT
Background: As the Chilean population ages, anesthesiologists are regularly faced with elderly and even nonagenarian people undergoing surgical procedures. Aim: To determine the postoperative survival time in nonagenarians and its risk factors at a private clinic. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of the clinic, searching for patients aged 90 years or older, which were subjected to a surgical procedure between 2001 and 2012. Certification ofsurvival or death was obtainedfrom the clinical records or death certification at the National Identification Service. Survival analysis was made using Kaplan-Meier and Gompertz regression. Results: The medical records of167 patients, aged 90 to 101 years (64% women), were reviewed. Sixty four percent had an underlying cardiovascular disease; in 37%, cognitive impairment. Hip fracture surgery was the most common procedure. One intraoperative death occurred. Five percent ofpatients died one month after surgery. The median survival time was two years and the longest, seven years. According to Gompertz probability regression, the predictors of death were the presence of cardiac disease (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.91, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.16; 3.16), cognitive impairment (HR: 2.10,95% CI: 1.32; 3,22), cancer (HR:2.10,95% CI: 1.32; 3.22), requirement of transfusion (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.13; 2.83) and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class III classification (HR: 1.95, IC95%: 1.21; 3.15). Conclusions: In nonagenarian patients undergoing surgery; 50% mortality was observed 2 years after surgery. The presence of cardiac disease, cognitive impairment, cancer, transfusion and a Class IIIASA classification were predictors of death.
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Anesthesia/statistics & numerical data , Blood Transfusion/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cognition Disorders/mortality , Health Status Indicators , Hip Fractures/mortality , Anesthesia/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Hip Fractures/surgery , Postoperative Period , Prognosis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar a capacidade preditiva de índice cognitivo funcional para mortalidade entre idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 1.667 idosos acima de 65 anos residentes no município de São Paulo, SP, no período 1991-2001. O índice cognitivo funcional foi construído a partir da orientação temporal e funções executivas (fazer compras e tomar medicação), controlado por variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, morbidade, autopercepção de saúde, internação, edentulismo e suporte social. Os óbitos ocorridos no período foram investigados com familiares em entrevistas domiciliares, em cartórios e registros da Fundação Seade (até 2003). Foram calculados riscos relativos brutos e ajustados com respectivos intervalos com 95 por cento de confiança por meio de análise bivariada e múltipla com regressão de Poisson, adotando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS: No modelo multivariado final os fatores de risco independentes identificados pelo índice foram: perda parcial da orientação temporal ou funções executivas (RR=1,37; IC 95 por cento: 1,03;1,83); perda total da orientação e parcial das funções (RR=1,71; IC 95 por cento: 1,24;2,37); perda parcial da orientação e total das funções (RR=1,76; IC 95 por cento: 1,35;2,28); perda total da orientação e das funções (RR=1,64; IC 95 por cento: 1,30;2,06), Quanto às condições de saúde: internação (RR=1,45; IC 95 por cento: 1,22;1,73); diabetes (RR=1,20; IC 95 por cento: 1,00;1,44); edentulismo total (RR=1,34; IC 95 por cento: 1,09;1,66). Relacionamento mensal com parentes foi identificado como fator protetor (RR=0,83; IC 95 por cento: 0,69;1,00). CONCLUSÕES: O Índice Cognitivo Funcional pode auxiliar clínicos e planejadores em decisões sobre estratégias de seguimento e prevenção de causas tratáveis de déficit cognitivo e perda funcional para diminuir a mortalidade entre os idosos.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the predictive ability of a functional cognitive index of mortality in the elderly. METHODS: Cohort study performed with 1,667 elderly individuals aged more than 65 years and living in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between 1991 and 2001. Functional cognitive index was constructed from time orientation and executive functions (going shopping and taking medication), controlled by sociodemographic variables, life habits, morbidity, self-perception of health, hospitalization, edentulism and social support. Deaths occurred during this period were analyzed with family members in home interviews, notary public offices and records from the Fundação Seade (State System of Data Analysis Foundation), until 2003. Crude and adjusted relative risks were calculated with their respective 95 percent confidence intervals, using bivariate and multiple analysis with Poisson regression and p<0.05. RESULTS: In the final multivariate model, the following independent risk factors were identified by the index: partial loss of time orientation or executive functions (RR=1.37; 95 percent CI: 1.03;1.83); total loss of orientation and partial loss of functions (RR=1.71; 95 percent CI: 1.24;2.37); partial loss of orientation and total loss of functions (RR=1.76; 95 percent CI: 1.35;2.28); and total loss of orientation and functions (RR=1.64; 95 percent CI: 1.30;2.06). As regards health conditions, the following were observed: hospitalization (RR=1.45; 95 percent CI: 1.22;1.73); diabetes (RR=1.20; 95 percent CI: 1.00;1.44); and total edentulism (RR=1.34; 95 percent CI: 1.09;1.66). Monthly contact with relatives was identified as a protective factor (RR=0.83; 95 percent CI: 0.69;1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The Functional Cognitive Index can help clinicians and health planners to make decisions on strategies for follow-up and prevention of treatable causes of cognitive deficit and functional loss to reduce mortality in the elderly.