ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of neurotoxity associated to Colistin. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 29-year-old black male under treatment for urinary tract infection with identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in urine culture resistant to all carbapenem antibiotics, presented visual turbidity, paresthesia on the face and upper left limb, slowed and discordant speech in the fourth day of Colistin use. Symptoms improved after reduction of the dose of colistin with adjustment for renal function, with complete reversion after discontinuation of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Colistin-mediated neurotoxicity must be suspected in patients with altered mental status of unknown etiology and therapy promptly interrupted.
OBJETIVO: Descrever um caso de neurotoxidade associada à Colistina. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO (desnecessário repetição): Um homem negro de 29 anos sob tratamento para infecção do trato urinário com identificação de Klebsiella pneumoniae (escrever corretamente) em cultura de urina resistente a carbapenêmicos, apresentou turvação visual, parestesia em face e membro superior esquerdo, discurso lento e discordante na quarto dia de uso da Colistina. Os sintomas melhoraram após a redução da dose de colistina com ajuste para a função renal, com reversão completa após a descontinuação do fármaco. CONCLUSÕES: A neurotoxicidade mediada por colistina deve ser suspeitada em pacientes com estado mental alterado de etiologia desconhecida e a terapia prontamente interrompida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Colistin/adverse effects , Colistin/therapeutic use , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnosis , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology , Paresthesia , Review Literature as Topic , Confusion , Black PeopleABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Two experiments (E) were carried out to evaluate the effects of fumaric acid and an acidifier blend [composed by calcium formate, calcium lactate and medium-chain fatty acids (capric and caprylic)] in piglet diets containing colistin (40 ppm) or halquinol (120 ppm) on performance, diarrhea incidence (E1), organs relative weight, pH values, intestinal morphometry and microbiota (E2). In E1, 192 and E2, 24 piglets weaned at 21-day-old were randomly assigned to blocks with 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments [absence or presence of fumaric acid x absence or presence of acidifier blend], six replicates of eight (E1) and one piglet per pen (E2). For E1, the treatments were control (CD): no acidifier product + 40 ppm of colistin, FA: fumaric acid in absence of acidifier blend, AB: acidifier blend in absence of fumaric acid and, AF+AB: presence of fumaric acid and acidifier blend. For E2, the pre-starter I diet were used and the same treatments as E1 evaluated. No treatment effects (P>0.05) were observed on performance, diarrhea incidence (E1), gut pH values and duodenum morphometry of piglets (E2). However, the addition of AB increased (P<0.05) large intestine relative weight and, FA addition decreased (P<0.05) pancreas relative weight, jejunum villi height and, total coliform and E. coli counts in cecum. The inclusion of FA and AB in diets containing colistin or halquinol did not improve performance, although FA exerted an inhibitory effect on cecum microbiota.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Swine/growth & development , Chloroquinolinols/administration & dosage , Colistin/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology , Diarrhea/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Swine/physiology , Chloroquinolinols/adverse effects , Colistin/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Fumarates/administration & dosage , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Animal Feed/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de um único centro com o uso de colistina para tratar infecções hospitalares causadas por bactérias Gram-negativas resistentes a múltiplos fármacos e identificar fatores associados com lesão renal aguda e mortalidade. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo que avaliou pacientes gravemente enfermos, com infecções causadas por bactérias Gram-negativas resistentes a múltiplos fármacos. Foram considerados elegíveis para este estudo, durante o período compreendido entre janeiro e dezembro de 2008, todos os pacientes adultos com necessidade de tratamento com colistina endovenosa (colistimetato de sódio). As informações coletadas incluem dados demográficos, diagnóstico, duração do tratamento, presença de lesão renal aguda e mortalidade em 30 dias. Resultados: A colistina foi utilizada para tratar uma infecção em 109 de 789 pacientes (13,8%) admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva. A mortalidade em 30 dias observada nestes pacientes foi de 71,6%. Vinte e nove pacientes (26,6%) tinham lesão renal prévia ao tratamento com colistina, sendo que seis deles conseguiram recuperar a função renal, mesmo durante o tratamento com colistina. Vinte e um pacientes (19,2%) desenvolveram lesão renal aguda durante o tratamento com colistina, sendo que 11 destes pacientes necessitaram ser submetidos à diálise. A variável independentemente associada com a presença de lesão renal aguda foi a pontuação segundo o sistema Sequential Organ Failure Assessment no início do tratamento com colistina (OR=1,46; IC95%=1,20-1,79; p<0,001). Idade (OR=1,03; IC95%=1,00-1,05; p=0,02) e uso de vasopressores (OR=12,48; IC95%=4,49-34,70; p<0,001) foram fatores associados a óbito, segundo um modelo de regressão logística. ...
Objective: To describe a single center experience involving the administration of colistin to treat nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and identify factors associated with acute kidney injury and mortality. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study evaluates critically ill patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. All adult patients who required treatment with intravenous colistin (colistimethate sodium) from January to December 2008 were considered eligible for the study. Data include demographics, diagnosis, duration of treatment, presence of acute kidney injury and 30-day mortality. Results: Colistin was used to treat an infection in 109 (13.8%) of the 789 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The 30-day mortality observed in these patients was 71.6%. Twenty-nine patients (26.6%) presented kidney injury prior to colistin treatment, and six of these patients were able to recover kidney function even during colistin treatment. Twenty-one patients (19.2%) developed acute kidney injury while taking colistin, and 11 of these patients required dialysis. The variable independently associated with the presence of acute kidney injury was the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment at the beginning of colistin treatment (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.20-1.79; p<0.001). The factors age (OR 1.03; 95%CI 1.00-1.05; p=0.02) and vasopressor use (OR 12.48; 95%CI 4.49-34.70; p<0.001) were associated with death in the logistic-regression model. Conclusions: Organ dysfunction at the beginning of colistin treatment was associated with acute kidney injury. In a small group of patients, we were able to observe an improvement of kidney function during colistin treatment. Age and vasopressor use were associated with death. .
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Colistin/analogs & derivatives , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Administration, Intravenous , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Critical Illness , Colistin/administration & dosage , Colistin/adverse effects , Colistin/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/mortality , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/mortality , Intensive Care Units , Logistic Models , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Inhalatory therapy is the preferred way for drugs targeting the lung, which permits to avoid adverse events associated to systemic use. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the disease with the highest use of inhaled antibiotics, which has provided information extrapoled to other pathologies such as non-CF bronchiectasis and pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation. The most studied antibiotics currently available in the market are tobramycin and colystin, both inhaled. This article analyzes the updated evidence and recommendations published regarding the use of inhaled antibiotics.
La terapia inhalatoria es la vía de elección para la administración de fármacos cuyo órgano diana es el pulmón, pues evita los efectos adversos asociados a su uso sistémico. La fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad en que se ha centrado la mayor utilización de antibióticos inhalados, aportando información que se ha extrapolado a otras patologías como las bronquiectasias no FQ y la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica. Los antibióticos más estudiados y actualmente disponibles en el mercado son la tobramicina y colistín inhalados. Este artículo revisa la evidencia actualizada y las recomendaciones publicadas en torno al uso de antibióticos por vía inhalatoria.