ABSTRACT
The cri du chat syndrome (CdCS) is a chromosomal deletion syndrome associated with a partial deletion of the short (p) arm of chromosome 5. We describe five children who were diagnosed to have CdCS by conventional cytogenetic analysis. The deletion was at 5p15 in four patients, whereas the fifth had a larger, more proximal deletion at 5p14. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the deletion of the CdCS critical region at 5p15.2. All five children had global developmental delay and dysmorphism with microcephaly. The other clinical features were variable. Since the clinical diagnosis of CdCS may not always be evident because of the phenotypic heterogeneity, cytogenetic analysis is necessary to establish the diagnosis and confirm that the deletion involves the CdCS critical region. This will enable early intervention which plays an important role in improving the outcome.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Deletion , Cri-du-Chat Syndrome/diagnosis , Cri-du-Chat Syndrome/genetics , Cytogenetic Analysis/methods , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methodsABSTRACT
El presente trabajo se refiere a la deleción del brazo corto del cromosoma 5 responsable del Síndrome de Maullido de Gato o Cri Du Chat. Las deleciones son aberraciones cromosómicas no balanceadas y consisten en la perdida de un fragmento de un cromosoma, las mismas pueden ser terminales, intersticiales o en anillo. El efecto fenotípico de la deleción depende del cromosoma implicado y la longitud del segmento delecionado. La apreciación de esta aberración estructural generalmente se dificulta si se trata de deleciones terminales pequeñas o intersticiales. Se tomó una muestra de sangre periférica de un paciente para cultivo linfocitario a petición de médicos de asistencia debido a las características fenotípicas del paciente así como características del llanto y el estridor laríngeo posiblemente asociado acromosomopatías. La muestra se cultivó y procesó según las técnicas estandarizadas en nuestro laboratorio, como resultado del diagnóstico post-natal citogenético se evidenció una deleción terminal del brazo corto del cromosoma 5 en todas las metafases estudiadas (Línea pura) 46XY, del (5), (p15.1).
The following research deals with the missing of the chromosome five's short arm that causes the cry of the cat syndrome or "Cri Du Chat". The missings are unbalanced chromosomic aberrations that consist on the loss of a chromosome's fragment and they could be final, intersticial or in ring. The phenotype effect of the missing depends on the involved chromosome and the length of the missing segment. The assessment of this structural aberration is generally affected when dealing with short final or intersticial missings. A patient's peripheric blood sample was drawn for a lymphocytory culture as the request of assistant doctors due to the patient's phenotypical features, as well as the cry's characteristics and the laringeal whoop associated to chromosomopathies. The sample was processed and cultured according to the standard techniques in our lab. A final missing of the chromosome five's short arm in all the studied meta stages was proved as a result of the cytogenetic post-natal diagnosis.