ABSTRACT
Summary Introduction: Cryptorchidism is a common and prevalent condition in patients with Down syndrome. Environmental factors, such as smoking, can be associated with malformations during fetal development. The study of the prevalence of cryptorchidism and its association with parental tobacco use in Down syndrome can contribute to alert health care professionals, patients and family members regarding the prevention of the harms caused by cryptorchidism and its possible predisposing factors. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cryptorchidism in Down syndrome and its association with maternal and paternal smoking. Method: Forty (40) patients of a public clinic specialized in Down syndrome were evaluated, using a semi-structured questionnaire for evaluation of antecedents and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as physical and complementary examinations. Results: Cryptorchidism was observed in 27.5% of the patients (95CI 15.98-42.96). Of these, 55% (5/9) were the children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and 19.35% (6/31) were the children of mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy (OR = 5.26 [95CI 1.06-25.41]; p=0.032). Similarly, paternal smoking was also observed in greater frequency among the parents of cryptorchid patients compared with subjects with descended testis, 63.36% (7/11) and 31.03% (9/29), respectively (OR = 3.89 [95CI 0.91-16.73]; p=0.060). Conclusion: The prevalence of cryptorchidism is high in patients with Down syndrome. We can show a strong association between smoking parents and the occurrence of cryptorchidism, especially when it comes to maternal smoking.
Resumo Introdução: A criptorquidia é uma condição comum e prevalente em pacientes com síndrome de Down. Fatores ambientais, como o tabagismo, estão associados a malformações fetais. A avaliação da prevalência do criptorquidismo e a associação com tabagismo dos pais na síndrome de Down podem contribuir para alertar os profissionais de saúde e familiares sobre a prevenção dos danos causados pelo criptorquidismo e os possíveis fatores predisponentes. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de criptorquidismo na síndrome de Down e a associação com tabagismo materno e paterno. Método: Quarenta (40) pacientes acompanhados em um centro de referência para atendimento da síndrome de Down foram avaliados por meio de questionário semiestruturado para avaliação de antecedentes parentais e características sociodemográficas, bem como de exames físico e laboratoriais complementares. Resultados: Criptorquidia foi observada em 27,5% dos pacientes (IC95% 15,98-42,96). Nesses pacientes, o criptorquidismo foi encontrado em 55% (5/9) das crianças cujas mães fumavam e em 19,35% (6/31) daquelas cujas mães não fumavam (OR = 5,26 [IC95% 1,06-25,41]; p=0,032). Do mesmo modo, o tabagismo paterno foi observado com maior frequência entre crianças com criptorquidia, 63,36% (7/11) e 31,03% (9/29), respectivamente (OR = 3,89 [IC95% 0,91-16,73]; p=0,060). Conclusão: A prevalência de criptorquidismo é alta em pacientes com síndrome de Down. Podemos mostrar uma forte associação entre hábito tabágico dos pais e ocorrência de criptorquidismo, especialmente no caso de tabagismo materno.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Parents , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Smoking/adverse effects , Down Syndrome , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Cryptorchidism/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A 36 year-old man after tests for assessing male infertility was diagnosed with primary infertility, bilateral cryptorchidism, nonobstructive azoospermia and discontinuous splenogonadal fusion. Carcinoma in situ was found in his left testicle, which was intraabdominal and associated with splenogonadal fusion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of splenogonadal fusion associated with testicular cancer reported. One should always bear in mind the possibility of this association for the left cryptorchid testicle.
Um homem de 36 anos, depois de ser submetido a exames para avaliação de infertilidade masculina, foi diagnosticado com infertilidade masculina primária, criptorquidia bilateral, azoospermia não obstrutiva e fusão esplenogonadal descontínua. Carcinoma in situ estava presente no testículo esquerdo, que tinha localização intra-abdominal e estava associado à fusão esplenogonadal. Esse é o quarto caso de fusão esplenogonadal associada a câncer testicular, segundo nossa avaliação. Deve-se sempre ter em mente a possibilidade dessa associação em testículos criptorquídicos à esquerda.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Spleen/abnormalities , Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosis , Testis/abnormalities , Atrophy , Azoospermia/etiology , Calcinosis/etiology , Carcinoma in Situ/etiology , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Cryptorchidism/embryology , Cryptorchidism/surgery , Disease Susceptibility , Incidental Findings , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Orchiectomy , Orchiopexy , Spleen/embryology , Testicular Diseases/etiology , Testicular Neoplasms/etiology , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Testis/embryologyABSTRACT
La relación entre factores ambientales y salud es un hecho reconocido. La influencia de ambientes rurales sobre la salud reproductiva ha sido fehacientemente probada en diferentes regiones del mundo, tanto en la fauna como en humanos. En América Latina pocas investigaciones han sido realizadas en este campo. El presente proyecto se establece sobre la base de la describir las relaciones entre salud reproductiva y factores ambientales en poblaciones rurales, caracterizada por aspectos ambientales particulares. Tres variables han sido evaluadas: relación de nacimientos masculinos/femeninos; incidencia de malformaciones uro-genitales masculinas (hipospadias y criptorquidias); e incidencia de cánceres hormono-dependientes. Se seleccionaron cinco comunidades rurales de la Pampa Húmeda de Argentina, comparándose los datos obtenidos con medias nacionales. Los datos bio-médicos y las fuentes ambientales de riesgo fueron relacionados entre sí a través de un sistema de geo-referenciación. La relación de nacimientos no mostró significación. Las malformaciones presentaron una muy significativa incidencia. Los cánceres hormono-dependientes presentaron incidencia mayores a las medias nacionales, particularmente en algunas de las comunidades estudiadas. Se concluye que existe una relación entre condiciones de salud reproductiva y factores ambientales en esta región.
The relationship between environmental factors and health is well known. Rural environmental influences on reproductive health have been properly proved, both in animals and humans. In Latin America, few studies have been conducted in this area. The current project is based on the description of relationships between reproductive health and environmental factors in rural populations, characterized by specific environmental characteristics. Three variables were evaluated: male-to-female birth ratio, male urogenital malformations (cryptorchidism and hypospadias), and endocrine-related cancer incidence. Five rural communities in the Pampa Humeda in Argentina were selected, and the data were compared to the national mean. Biomedical data and environmental risk factors were correlated through a geographic information system. The ratio of male to female births did not show any differences. Malformations showed very significant differences. Endocrine-related cancers showed higher incidence rates compared to the national mean, particularly in some communities. In conclusion, there is a relationship between environmental factors and reproductive health conditions in this region.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cryptorchidism/epidemiology , Endocrine Gland Neoplasms/epidemiology , Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects , Hypospadias/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Endocrine Gland Neoplasms/etiology , Hypospadias/etiology , Incidence , Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology , Reproduction , Risk Factors , Rural Health , Rural Population , Sex RatioABSTRACT
Testículo no descendido es la falta de descenso testicular en el saco escrotal. Si esto ocurre en cualquier punto del trayecto normal de descenso recibe el nombre de criptorquidia y si ésta se ubica por fuera se denomina testículo ectópico. El testículo retráctil o en ascensor es aquel testículo no descendido que desciende fácil a nivel escrotal y permanece en éste durante el examen, constituyendo una condición normal frecuente durante la infancia, especialmente entre los 2 y 7 años, por un acentuado reflejo cremasteriano
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Chorionic Gonadotropin/therapeutic use , Cryptorchidism/complications , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Cryptorchidism/therapy , Gonadotropins/deficiency , Infertility, Male/etiology , Orchiectomy , Signs and Symptoms , Testicular Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
Perineal testis is a rare condition. We report on a Caucasian male, 34 years old, with chronical perineal pain associated with ectopic testis. He underwent an orchidopexy with complete relief of symptoms. The histological analisys of the testis showed normal spermatogenesis and the patient fertility was not impaired. The literature is briefly reviewed
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Testis/abnormalities , Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Cryptorchidism/surgeryABSTRACT
O criptorquidismo é uma das patologias testiculares mais frequentes em todas as raças, apresentando distribuiçäo global e podendo ter consequências desastrosas quando näo diagnosticado e tratado adequadamente. Os autores revisam as principais características epidemiológicas, etiológicas e diagnósticas desta patologia, dando especial atençäo às tendências terapêuticas atuais
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Cryptorchidism/complications , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Cryptorchidism/therapyABSTRACT
L'auteur; qui donne d'abord le sens de testicule non descendu; expose ensuite les raisons de cette malformation. A 5 ans d'age; avec une cryptorichidie unilaterale droite non palpable; l'auteur pense qu'il n'y a pas de la place pour un traitement hormonal; seul un traitement chirurgical se justifie et devra etre realise sans delai
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/etiology , Cryptorchidism/surgerySubject(s)
Male , Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Cryptorchidism/surgery , Cryptorchidism/epidemiology , Cryptorchidism/etiology , Cryptorchidism/genetics , Cryptorchidism/therapy , Infertility, Male , Sertoli Cells , Chorionic Gonadotropin/therapeutic use , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Se presenta una revisión de los conocimientos actuales sobre el descenso testicular. La gónada inicia su diferenciación hacia la sexta semana, orientada por el mesonefros. En la siguiente semana e l antígeno H-Y y la gonadotropina coriónica definen la organogénesis testicular. Entre las semanas octava y duodécima ocurren importantes cambios en la gónada, las estructuras mesonéfricas y el primordio o anclaje perineal, que influyen decisivamente en la estructura y la función testiculares. Durante el segundo trimestre se realiza la proliferación gubernacular y, finalmente, en las últimas doce semanas desempeñan su propia función la pared abdominal y la contracción gubernacular, influída esta última por la gonadotropinahipofisiaria fetal. El maldescenso testicular puede deberse a defectos en la organogénesis gonadal durante las primeras doce semanas, o bien originarse en imperfecciones del mecanismo de descenso a nivel de la pared abdominal o del propio gubernáculo.(au)
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/etiology , Gonads/embryology , Gonads/physiopathology , Testis/abnormalities , Testis/embryologyABSTRACT
This paper describes a reported complication of truss used for management of inguinal hernia in an infant. The truss caused aquired cryptorchidism and testicular atrophy