ABSTRACT
Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) destaca-se como principal praga da família Cucurbitaceae. Este lepidóptero é oligófago de hábito polífago, que desperta largo interesse de estudos da sua ecologia comportamental por motivos de manejo em culturas de grande importância econômica como o meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.). Dada esta situação, trabalhos básicos de entendimento de aspectos da ecologia são necessários para a melhoria das formas de manejo, principalmente no aspecto do monitoramento populacional. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar se a escolha do hospedeiro exercida por fêmeas de D. hyalinata corresponde ao melhor desempenho da prole e como os hospedeiros influenciam sua dinâmica populacional. Testes de oviposição com chance de escolha foram realizados em melão, melancia, maxixe, bucha, melãode-são-caetano e pepino, para estabelecimento de um ranking de preferência. Para o desempenho das lagartas e reprodução foi escolhido o melão (dentre o mais preferido) e a bucha e o pepino (dentre os hospedeiros menos preferidos). Os resultados suportam a hipótese de que a escolha de hospedeiro é relacionada com o desempenho da prole e que D. hyalinata demonstrou possuir plasticidade ao lidar com diferentes hospedeiros o que pode ser um indicativo de capacidade de adaptação a recursos alimentares que flutuam em termos de qualidade e disponibilidade. No entanto, de modo geral, esta plasticidade tem custos elevados, principalmente em termos reprodutivos.
Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) stands out as a major pest of the Cucurbitaceae family. This insect is oligophagous with a polyphagous habit, which arouses wide interest in studies of their behavioral ecology for reasons of pest management in crops of high economic importance such as muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). Given this situation, basic studies aimed at an understanding of ecological aspects of this pest are needed to improve pest management systems, especially in the aspect of population monitoring. Given this, the present study was aimed to determine whether the choice of the host exerted by females of D. hyalinata corresponds to the best performance of the offspring and how the hosts influence their population dynamics. Oviposition-choice tests were performed on melon, watermelon, cucumber, loofah, balsam apple and cucumber, to establish a ranking of preference. For the performance of larvae and reproduction the melon was chosen (among the most preferred hosts) along with loofah and cucumber (among the least preferred hosts). The results support the hypothesis that the choice of host is related to the performance of the offspring and D. hyalinata has demonstrated plasticity in dealing with different hosts which may be indicative of ability to adapt to fluctuating food resources in terms of quality and availability. However, generally this plasticity is expensive, especially in reproductive terms.
Subject(s)
Cucurbitaceae/parasitology , Cucumis/parasitology , Lepidoptera/parasitologyABSTRACT
A survey of the green lacewings associated with the melon agroecosystem was carried out with the aim of including lacewings into the integrated management program of melon pests. Three species of this predator were found: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Chrysoperla genanigra Freitas. A key to these species is presented.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cucurbitaceae/parasitology , Insecta/physiology , Insecta/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Estudio experimental realizado en los laboratorios de Parasitología y Química de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohman - Tacna. El proceso involucró dos fases: 1. determinación de la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) de Cucúrbita máxima como antiparasitario, se usó tenias caninas con tiempo 5 a 6 horas de aislamiento intestinal y 2. Determinación de la Reacción adversa de Cucúrbita máxima en ratas albinas expuestas. Se halló que la CMI de semilla de zapallo a razón de 23g. en 100 ml de agua destilada es capaz de producir un efecto antihelmíntico, concentración equivalente a más menos 73 semillas de zapallo (x2 = 5.6, P menor 0.01). Macroscópicamente a dosis de 23 g. a más se hallan alteraciones en la motilidad del helminto, hay un efecto proteolítico con un tiempo promedio de supervivencia de 38.4 minutos. Macroscópicamente los proglótidos maduros presentan destrucción del tegumento con compromiso de la membrana basal. En los proglótidos grávidos hay destrucción de huevos, hallazgos mucho más acentuados a concentraciones de 30 y 32 g. de cucúrbita experimentados. Se halló gastritis no erosiva superficial en ratas weys a dosis de 9 g/kg posterior a las 4 horas de administración.
Experimental research was carried out at the Parasitology and Chemistry laboratories of the Jorge Basadre Grohmann National University, in Tacna.The process involved two phases: (1) determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cucurbita Maxima as an antiparasitic agent using canine tapeworms with an intestinalisolation of 5 to 6 hours, and (2) determination of the side-effects of Curbita Maxima on exposed albino rats.It was found that the MIC of 23 gr. of pumpkin seed in 100 ml. of distilled water can produce an antihelminthic effect. This concentration is equivalent to ± 73 pumpkin seeds (x2 = 5.6, p<0.01). Macroscopically, alterations in helminthic motility are present at a dose of > 23 gr. There is a protheolithic effect with an average survival time of 38.4 minutes. Microscopically the mature proglottids present a destruction of the tegument involving the basal membrane. In the gravid proglottids there is egg destruction. These findings are accentuated when experimenting with Cucurbita Maxima in a concentration of 30 and 32 gr. Superficial non-erosive gastritis was found in weys rats after 4 hours of administering 9 gr/kg.