¿Está indicada la profilaxis antibiótica con ciprofloxacino en la realización de cistoscopia flexible? / Usefulness of antimicrobial prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin prior to flexible cystoscopy

Background: Flexible cystoscopy is a common test in clinical practice done with or without antibiotic prophylaxis. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin to reduce the incidence of urinary infection. Material and Methods: Prospective, non-randomized observational study that included 60 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 received prophylactic ciprofloxacin 500 mg, one hour prior to the procedure and group 2 did not receive prophylaxis. The presence of bacteriuria, symptoms or signs of urinary infection or attending Emergency rooms or primary care for these symptoms were recorded during the seven days after the cystoscopy. Results: In groups 1 and 2, four and one patients had a positive urine culture, respectively. Only one patient in group 1 consulted in primary care for symptoms. No significant differences in symptoms or signs of urinary infection between groups were observed. Conclusions: In this group of patients, antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin 500 mg prior to cystoscopy had no benefit.

Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Cystoscopy to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To estimate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent urinary tract infection in patients (both gender) who undergo a cystoscopy with sterile urine.

Postoperative ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux

PURPOSE: We undertook this study to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of postoperative ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety patients undergoing endoscopic treatment for VUR were retrospectively reviewed and classified into two groups according to ureteral obstruction: the nonobstruction group (83 cases, 122 ureters; mean age, 7.0+/-2.8 years) and the obstruction group (7 cases, 10 ureters; mean age, 6.2+/-8.1 years). We analyzed the following factors: age, sex, injection material, laterality, voiding dysfunction, constipation, renal scarring, preoperative and postoperative ultrasound findings, endoscopic findings, injection number, and injection volume. Additionally, we reviewed the clinical manifestations, natural course, management, and outcome of ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: The incidence of ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment was 7.6% (10/132 ureters). The type of bulking agent used and injection volume tended to be associated with ureteral obstruction. However, no significant risk factors for obstruction were identified between the two groups. Three patients showed no symptoms or signs after the onset of ureteral obstruction. Most of the patients with ureteral obstruction experienced spontaneous resolution within 1 month with conservative therapy. Two patients required temporary ureteral stents to release the ureteral obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the incidence of ureteral obstruction was slightly higher than in previous reports. Our study identified no predictive risk factors for developing ureteral obstruction after endoscopic treatment. Although most of the ureteral obstructions resolved spontaneously within 1 month, some cases required drainage to relieve symptoms or to prevent renal function deterioration.

Is Diagnostic Cystoscopy Painful? Analysis of 1,320 Consecutive Procedures

Objective To prospectively evaluate self-reported pain levels associated with diagnostic cystoscopy. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent diagnostic cystoscopy and subsequently graded their pain level during the procedure were enrolled. Pain was graded on a Likert visual analog scale (VAS) of 1-10 where 0 = no pain and 10 = excruciating unbearable pain. Local lidocaine gel 2% was used as intraurethral lubricant. Results Data from 1320 consecutive cystoscopies (929 males, 391 females, age range 15-93 years) between 6/2009-1/2010 were analyzed. This was the first cystoscopy for 814 patients. The overall mean VAS was 2.74 ± 1.51 (range 0-9) for rigid cystoscopy and 2.48 ± 1.53 (range 0-10) for flexible cystoscopy (P = 0.004). The reported mean pain level for first-time cystoscopy was significantly higher than that for repeat cystoscopy (2.8 ± 1.6 vs. 2.2 ± 1.4, P < 0.001), regardless of gender or type of cystoscope. Men reported significantly higher pain levels than women 2.6 ± 1.5 vs. 2.4 ± 1.4 (P < 0.04). The highest mean pain level was reported by men (3.4 ± 1.6) and women (2.5 ± 1.6) for rigid cystoscopy compared to flexible cystoscopy (2.5 ± 1.4 and 1.1 ± 1.9, respectively, P < 0.001). Pain levels > 5 were reported in 75 (5.7%) cystoscopies. Conclusions Cystoscopy was not associated with distressing levels of pain. Pain levels during first cystoscopies were higher than those for repeated ones. Using a flexible cystoscope is associated with a lower pain level in both men and women and it should be used for both genders. .

[Intra vesical explosion during an endoscopic resection of a vesical tumor]

The intra vesical combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, form one mixture of explosive gas. Intra vesicale explosion during trans urethral resection is one rare incident. Its most dangerous manifestation during is vesical rupture. We demonstrate one case of intra vesical explosion during one endoscopic resection of one in the anterior face tumor of bladder. Damages on bladder are small. By going back to literature, we try to discuss the origin of intra vesical hydrogen and oxygen as well as the different preventive measures

Ureteroscopic versus cystoscopic introduction of ureteric guide wire

To evaluate the feasibility of the ureteroscope versus the use of cystoscope to introduce the ureteric guide wire. This study was conducted on 50 patients [100 units]. They were divided into two groups, group A [50 units] with normal ureters in one side as seen in IVU and group B [50 units] with pathology either stricture or stone ureter in the other side. After initial cystoscopic evaluation and identification of both ureteric orifices, the cystoscope and/or ureteroscope were used to introduce the guide wire in group A ureteroscopy was successful in 100% of the cases [25 units] as initial tool, while with the use of the cystoscope it is only 76% [18 out of 25] which increased to 96% after the use of ureteroscope to introduce the guide wire. In group B with the use of ureteroscope in 25 pathological ureters, it is successful in 92% of the cases [23/ 25] while with the use of cystoscope it is only 60% [15/ 25]. With the aid of the ureterpscope in the remaining failed cases the success rate was increased to 80% [20/25] and complete failure in 5 cases due to massive trauma to the ureter from multiple trials of blind introduction of the guide wire through the cystoscope. Introduction of the ureteric guide wire is essential step in ureteroscopy as with its failure all the procedure will fail. So, simple and easy introduction of the guide wire through the cystoscope was tried first, if failed, multiple trials is not recommended and it is better to use the ureteroscope to introduce it under vision better than blind trials avoiding trauma to the ureter