Comportamiento de las enfermedades oftalmológicas en pacientes con VIH-SIDA / Behavior of eye diseases in HIV-Aids patients

Objetivo: caracterizar las enfermedades oftalmológicas en pacientes con VIH-SIDA diagnosticadas en el Servicio de Uveítis e Inflamaciones Oculares del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en 39 ojos (24 pacientes) quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de la investigación. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, enfermedades oftalmológicas asociadas, lateralidad, agudeza visual y conteo de linfocitos TCD4+ al inicio y al final de la enfermedad oftalmológica, las complicaciones asociadas y la pérdida de la agudeza visual. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (83,3 por ciento) y el grupo etario entre 31 y 45 años, que representó el 45,8 por ciento de la muestra. Existió un gran deterioro visual desde el inicio de la enfermedad, sin mejorias significativas una vez estabilizada esta (p= 0,503). Las enfermedades oftalmológicas más frecuentes en orden de frecuencia fueron la sífilis ocular (32,1 por ciento), la retinitis por citomegalovirus (28,6 por ciento) y la toxoplasmosis (17,8 por ciento). El desprendimiento de retina (27,2 por ciento), las membranas epirretinales (22,7 por ciento) y las cataratas (18,2 por ciento) fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Conclusiones: la sífilis ocular es la enfermedad más frecuente en pacientes con VIH-SIDA y no guarda relación con el conteo CD4+. La retinitis por citomegalovirus se asocia a conteos de CD4+ bajos y provoca mayor cantidad de complicaciones. Más de la mitad de los ojos con enfermedades oftalmológicas en los pacientes con VIH- SIDA evolucionan a la ceguera(AU)

Objective: to characterize the eye diseases observed in HIV-AIDS patients diagnosed at the Uveitis and Eye Inflammation Service at "Ramon Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Methods: retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 39 eyes (24 patients, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research. The study variables were age, sex, associated eye diseases, laterality, visual acuity and TCD4+ lymphocyte count at the beginning and the end of the eye disease, the related complications and the loss of visual acuity. Results: males (83.3 percent) and the 31-45 y age group (45.8 percent) of the sample predominated. There was great visual deterioration since the onset of disease, without any significant improvement once the patient is stabilized (p= 0.503). The most common eye diseases were ocular syphilis (32.1 percent), cytomegalovirus retinitis (28.6 percent) and toxoplasmoxis (17.8 percent). Retinal detachment (27.2 percent), epiretinal membranes (22.7 percent) and cataract (18.2 percent) were the most frequent complications. Conclusions: Ocular syphilis is the most common disease in HIV-AIDS patients and is unrelated to CD4+ count. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is associated to low CD4+ counts and unleash higher number of complications. Over half of the eyes with diseases in HIV-AIDS patients evolved into blindness(AU)

Clinical profile and immunological status of cytomegalovirus retinitis in organ transplant recipients.

PURPOSE: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in transplant recipients. This retrospective study attempts to report the differences in occurrence of cytomegalovirus retinetis in transplant recipients from those reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: 25 eyes of 15 transplant recipients (14 renal and one cardiac) with cytomegalovirus retinitis were retrospectively reviewed. Immunological profile included CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio (5 cases) and serology for the viral antibodies (8 cases). RESULTS: A predominantly bilateral presentation (60%) was noted. Active cytomegalovirus retinitis (72%) in zone 2 (92%) of the inferotemporal quadrant (68%) was noted. The average cell counts were within normal limits (mean CD4 cell count-711/microliter), unlike in late stages of AIDS with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CD4 count < 50/microliter). Serology revealed an IgM positivity of 53%. Retinal detachment (52%) was the most common complication occurring after an average of 5.4 months. CONCLUSION: CMV retinitis in organ transplant recipients appears to differ from that in AIDS patients. CMV retinitis presents early and has different immunological profile, probably owing to differences in pathogenesis.

Bilateral frosted branch angiitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

This report describes a case of frosted branch angiitis associated with AIDS.

Periflebite retiniana aguda congelada: relato de um caso atípico / Acute frosted retinal periphebitis. Report of an atypical case

Os autores relatam um caso de vasculite retiniana aguda bilateral em uma paciente de 31 anos de idade, que apresentou, em um dos olhos acometidos, um aspecto fundoscópico semelhante ao quadro descrito na literatura como "periflebite retiniana aguda congelada" ou "angelite de ramos congelados".

Ocular lesions in AIDS: a report of first two cases in India.

Although 444 cases of AIDS have been officially registered till July 1993 from various parts of India, ocular lesions in these cases have not been reported. Till May 1994, ELISA test for HIV 1 and HIV 2 had been done in 12 cases of suspicious ocular lesions which include viral retinitis, endogenous endopthalmitis and active chorioretinitis. Two patients had seropositivity for HIV 1. Ocular lesions include subretinal yellow mass in the first case and cytomegalovirus retinitis and cotton-wool spots in the second case. These two patients also had several systemic infections which include tuberculosis in both and nocardia in one. To the best of our knowledge, these two cases are the first report of ocular lesions in AIDS from India.