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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 23(2): 111-120, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011573

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious and debilitating infection with high fatality rate in tropical and subtropical countries. As clinical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis are not so specific, confirmatory diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity are needed. Noninvasive methods have been developed using urine as a clinical sample for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. In fact, there is a clear correlation between kidney impairment and Leishmania DNA in urine. However, it has been proved that Leishmania nucleic acid may also be isolated from patients without any sign of renal involvement. Even though urine has become a promissing biological sample, it is still not widely used due to several issues, such as (i) incomprehension of the whole renal pathophysiology process in visceral leishmaniasis, (ii) presence of many amplification inhibitors in urine, and (iii) lack of an efficient urinary DNA extraction method. In this article, we performed a literature review to bring a new perspective for Leishmania DNA isolation in urine.


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Protozoan/urine , Leishmania/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/urine , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reproducibility of Results , DNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification , Sensitivity and Specificity , Leishmania/isolation & purification
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(2): 193-197, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710363

ABSTRACT

Introduction Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may offer an alternative diagnostic option when clinical signs and symptoms suggest visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but microscopic scanning and serological tests provide negative results. PCR using urine is sensitive enough to diagnose human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, DNA quality is a crucial factor for successful amplification. Methods A comparative performance evaluation of DNA extraction methods from the urine of patients with VL using two commercially available extraction kits and two phenol-chloroform protocols was conducted to determine which method produces the highest quality DNA suitable for PCR amplification, as well as the most sensitive, fast and inexpensive method. All commercially available kits were able to shorten the duration of DNA extraction. Results With regard to detection limits, both phenol: chloroform extraction and the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit provided good results (0.1 pg of DNA) for the extraction of DNA from a parasite smaller than Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (< 100fg of DNA). However, among 11 urine samples from subjects with VL, better performance was achieved with the phenol:chloroform method (8/11) relative to the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (4/11), with a greater number of positive samples detected at a lower cost using PCR. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that phenol:chloroform with an ethanol precipitation prior to extraction is the most efficient method in terms of yield and cost, using urine as a non-invasive source of DNA and providing an alternative diagnostic method at a low cost. .


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Protozoan/urine , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Specimen Handling/methods , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/urine , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Recife; s.n; 2012. 99 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-691866

ABSTRACT

A leishmaniose visceral ocorre em países dos cinco continentes e quando não tratada pode levar a óbito. Para se evitar esse desfecho, são essenciais o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado. Com o objetivo de contribuir na pesquisa de novos diagnósticos para leishmaniose visceral, esse trabalho propôs desenvolver sistemas baseados em Nested-PCR convencional e em único tubo para o diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral. A partir de uma revisão na literatura em busca de alvos moleculares utilizados no diagnóstico dessa parasitose, foram selecionados os alvos subunidade menor do RNA ribossômico (ssu rRNA) e espaçador transcrito interno 1 (ITS-1), que compõem o DNA do agente etiológico Leishmania infantum, para o desenvolvimento das nested-PCR. Foi também escolhido o alvo kDNA, o mais aplicado nas abordagens de PCR, para comparações com os sistemas desenvolvidos. Após otimizar todas as PCR com DNA genômico de L. infantum, esses sistemas foram avaliados em amostras de sangue, soro e urina de indivíduos com suspeita de leishmaniose visceral dos hospitais de referência da cidade do Recife - PE. Para utilização da urina, foram avaliados quatro protocolos de extração de DNA e identificou-se que a extração por fenol-clorofórmio, com modificações, foi a de melhor desempenho. Na avaliação com amostras biológicas, as PCR simples e nested-PCR com os alvos ssu rRNA e ITS-1 não tiveram boa sensibilidade ao se usar sangue, e não foram capaz de amplificar DNA do parasito em soro e urina. Esses sistemas desenvolvidos não podem ser usados para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral. No entanto, a kDNAPCR apresentou bons resultados quando avaliada com urina. Mais estudos devem ser feitos para avalia-la como um diagnóstico seguro para esse tipo de amostra biológica. Esse trabalho representa um ponto de início para posteriores estudos que objetivem o aprimoramento e validação da nested-PCR único tubo para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , DNA Primers , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , DNA, Kinetoplast/analysis , DNA, Kinetoplast/isolation & purification , DNA, Protozoan/immunology , DNA, Protozoan/blood , DNA, Protozoan/urine , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Sensitivity and Specificity , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification
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