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1.
Arch. Health Sci. (Online) ; 26(1): 47-50, 28/08/2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046067

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A depressão tem prevalência estimada de 7,6% em brasileiros com 18 anos ou mais, sendo mais comum em mulheres. Quanto aos estudantes universitários, esse número alcança a faixa de 15% a 25%, contudo, entre acadêmicos de medicina os índices variam entre 30 a 60%. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de depressão e correlacioná-la com características de saúde e demográficas de estudantes do curso de medicina de uma faculdade do interior do nordeste brasileiro. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa com 138 estudantes de medicina das Faculdades Integradas de Patos (76,7% do universo de pesquisa), utilizando-se do Inventário de Depressão de Beck, e realizando correlações estatísticas com o software IBM SPSS Statistics. A coleta de dados foi realizada após a aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa das Faculdades Integradas de Patos - CAAE: 56479516.8.0000.5181/Número do Parecer: 1.582.097/2016. Resultados: A prevalência de depressão nos estudantes foi de 52,8%, distribuídos em depressão leve (39,1%), moderada (12,3%) e grave (1,4%). Maiores pontuações de depressão em mulheres (r = 0,24; p < 0,01), naqueles sem bolsa de estudo (r = 0,27; p < 0,01), entre os alunos que já pensaram em desistir do curso (r = 0,48; p < 0,01) e os que já precisaram tomar medicamento devido ao curso (r = 0,24; p < 0,01). Conclusões: O estudo indicou quadro depressivo leve entre os estudantes, sinalizando a necessidade de intervenções urgentes.


Introduction: Depression has an estimated prevalence of 7.6% (11.2 million) in Brazilians aged, 18 years and over. It is more common in women. As for university students, this number reaches the range of 15% to 25%; however, among medical students, the rates range from 30 to 60%. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of depression and to correlate it with health and demographic characteristics of medical students of a university in the interior of the Northeastern Brazil. Patients and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach of 138 medical students from the Faculdades Integradas de Patos (76.7% of the research universe), using the Beck Depression Inventory, and performing correlations with IBM SPSS Statistics software. Data collection was carried out only after approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculdades Integradas de Patos - CAAE: 56479516.8.0000.5181/Process Number: 1.582.097/2016. Results: This study demonstrated that the prevalence of depression among medical students is 52.8%, with the following rates: mild (39.1%), moderate (12.3%) and severe (1.4%). Higher depression scores were found among women (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), those who did not have a scholarship (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), among students who considered quitting the course (r = 0.48, p < 0.01) and those who already had to take medication because the course (r = 0.24, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The study indicated a mild depressive clinical picture among students, signaling the need for urgent interventions.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Depression/ethnology
2.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 39(4): 239-246, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904597

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background This study examined drug use patterns and psychiatric symptoms of anxiety and depression among young Brazilian sexual minority ecstasy and LSD users and compared findings with those reported for their heterosexual peers. Method This cross-sectional study employed targeted sampling and ethnographic mapping approaches via face-to-face interviews conducted at bars and electronic music festivals using an adapted, semi-structured version of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs questionnaire. The sample comprised 240 male and female young adults who had used ecstasy and/or LSD in the 90 days prior to the interview and who were not on treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. Results Of the 240 subjects enrolled (mean age: 22.9±4.5 years), 28.7% were gay or bisexuals. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the prevalence of depression symptoms in the past 12 months in the sexual minority group was 37% higher than among heterosexuals (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.79; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-3.11; p=0.037). Conclusion Strategies should be developed to assess and address individual needs and treatment approaches should be tailored to address depressive symptoms in young, sexual minority club drug users.


Resumo Introdução Este estudo examinou os padrões de uso de drogas e os sintomas psiquiátricos de ansiedade e depressão entre brasileiros não heterossexuais usuários de ecstasy e/ou LSD e comparou os achados com aqueles relatados por seus pares heterossexuais. Método Este estudo transversal empregou amostragens direcionadas e abordagens de mapeamento etnográfico através de entrevistas presenciais realizadas em bares e festivais de música eletrônica usando uma versão adaptada e semiestruturada do questionário de Avaliação Global de Necessidades Individuais. A amostra incluiu 240 adultos jovens do sexo masculino e feminino que haviam usado ecstasy e/ou LSD nos 90 dias anteriores à entrevista e que não estavam em tratamento para abuso de álcool e drogas. Resultados Dos 240 sujeitos incluídos (idade média: 22,9±4,5 anos), 28,7% eram homossexuais ou bissexuais. A análise de regressão multivariada mostrou que a prevalência de sintomas de depressão nos últimos 12 meses no grupo não heterossexual foi 37% superior à dos heterossexuais [razão de prevalência (RP) = 1,79; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1.03-3.11; p=0,037]. Conclusão Estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas para avaliar e abordar as necessidades individuais, e as abordagens de tratamento devem ser adaptadas para sintomas depressivos em usuários de drogas jovens e não heterossexuais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Anxiety/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/ethnology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Depression/ethnology , Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires , N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage , Heterosexuality/psychology , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/administration & dosage
3.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 19(3): 243-250, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751380

ABSTRACT

Background: Central and peripheral mechanisms may be involved in migraine and tension-type headache pathogenesis, however the role of muscle disorders in their pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the association between the presence of migraine or tension-type headache and changes in longus colli muscle dimensions and sternocleidomastoid muscle activity. Method: An observational study with 48 women comparing the following groups: migraine (n=21), tension-type headache (n=16), and control (n=11). The cross-sectional area, lateral and anteroposterior dimensions, and shape ratio of the longus colli muscle were measured using ultrasound. The activation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was assessed by signal amplitude and the decline in median frequency using surface electromyographic analysis. Results: The dimensions of the longus colli muscle did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Post-test analysis showed lower sternocleidomastoid muscle activation on both sides, at the onset of contraction, in the group with tension-type headache when compared to the control group {right sternocleidomastoid [tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.30-0.49); control: 0.58 (0.42-0.76); p=0.026] and left sternocleidomastoid [tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.31-0.48); control: 0.60 (0.42-0.79); p=0.039], Tukey's post hoc test}. There was no difference between the three groups in sternocleidomastoid muscle activation, on both sides, at the end of contraction (p>0.05). Intergroup analysis showed no difference in the rate of decline in median frequency (p>0.05). Conclusion: The group with tension-type headache exhibited less activation at the onset of sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction. No association was observed between the presence of headache and alterations in longus colli muscle dimensions, median frequency, and sternocleidomastoid muscle activation at the end of contraction. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Black or African American/psychology , Depression/psychology , White People/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Mentors/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Social Support , Depression/ethnology , Longitudinal Studies
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 37(4/5): 308-315, abr.-may. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752659

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Mexican women and to explore the relationships between number and type of childhood traumatic events and depressive symptoms. METHODS: A community-based sample of 100 women was interviewed using a demographic questionnaire, the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Childhood trauma (trauma at or before 16 years of age) and depressive symptoms were described, and logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the relationship between childhood traumatic events and current depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Participants reported a mean of 9.46 (standard deviation (SD): 4.18) lifetime traumas and 2.76 (SD: 2.34) childhood traumas. The mean CES-D score was 18.9 (SD: 12.0) and 36.0% of participants had clinically significant depression (CES-D > 24). Depression scores were correlated with lifetime trauma, childhood trauma, education level, employment status, and number of self-reported current medical conditions. Depression scores were not significantly correlated with age, marital status, number of children, or socioeconomic status. For every additional childhood trauma experienced, the odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24) increased by 50.0% (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.96), after controlling for number of children, age, education level, employment status, and number of self-reported medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the number of childhood trauma exposures is associated with current depression among urban Mexican women, suggesting a need for trauma-informed care in this setting.


OBJETIVO: Describir los traumas durante la niñez y los síntomas depresivos en mujeres mexicanas, y explorar las relaciones entre el número y tipo de sucesos traumáticos durante la niñez y los síntomas depresivos. MÉTODOS: Se entrevistó a una muestra comunitaria de 100 mujeres mediante un cuestionario demográfico, la Lista de Verificación de Estresores Vitales Revisada (LSC-R, por sus siglas en inglés), y la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D, por sus siglas en inglés). Se describieron los traumas durante la niñez (por debajo de los 16 años) y los síntomas depresivos. Se utilizaron regresiones logísticas y lineales para analizar la relación entre los sucesos traumáticos durante la niñez y los síntomas depresivos actuales. RESULTADOS: Las participantes notificaron un promedio de 9,46 (desviación estándar [SD] = 4,18) traumas a lo largo de la vida y 2,76 traumas (SD = 2,34) durante la niñez. La puntuación media obtenida en el CES-D fue de 18,9 (SD = 12,0). Un 36,0% de las participantes mostró una depresión clínicamente significativa (CES-D > 24). Las puntuaciones de la escala de depresión se correlacionaron con los traumas a lo largo de la vida, los traumas durante la niñez, el nivel de formación, la situación laboral, y el número de trastornos médicos actuales autonotificados por las participantes. Las puntuaciones de la escala de depresión no se correlacionaron significativamente con la edad, el estado civil, el número de hijos o la situación socioeconómica. Por cada trauma adicional durante la niñez, las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos clínicamente significativos (CES-D > 24) se incrementaron en 50,0% (razón de posibilidades [OR] ajustada: 1,50; intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95%: 1,14-1,96), tras controlar el número de hijos, la edad, el nivel de formación, la situación laboral y el número de trastornos médicos autonotificados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indicaron que el número de exposiciones traumáticas durante la niñez se asociaba con la depresión actual en las mujeres mexicanas residentes en un entorno urbano; ello indica la necesidad de una atención que tenga en cuenta los antecedentes de sucesos traumáticos en este entorno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Depression/ethnology , Depression/psychology , Mexico/ethnology
5.
IJPM-International Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014; 5 (3): 269-279
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-141765

ABSTRACT

The current study examined race and ethnic differences in the separate and combined [additive] effects of anxiety, depression and problem drinking on the baseline and trajectory of subjective health among adult men in the United States. This longitudinal study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study. We included 4,655 men, composed of 2,407 Blacks, 1,354 Hispanic Whites and 894 non-Hispanic Whites. The dependent variable was subjective health, measured four times [i.e., baseline, year 1, year 3 and year 5]. Latent growth curve modeling was used for data analysis. When controlling for socio-economics, we tested separate effects of anxiety and depression. Then we tested combined effects of anxiety, depression and problem drinking. Among all race and ethnic groups, anxiety and problem drinking were associated with baseline and trajectory of subjective health. Combined [additive] effects of anxiety and depression, however, varied based on race and ethnicity. Among Blacks, depression and anxiety were associated with a worse trajectory of subjective health. Among non-Hispanic Whites, anxiety was associated with a better baseline and worse trajectory of subjective health, while depression was associated with worse baseline subjective health. Among Hispanic Whites, anxiety was associated with a worse trajectory of subjective health, while depression was not associated with subjective health. Although separate effects of anxiety and problem drinking were similar among race and ethnic groups, race and ethnicity seemed to modify the combined effects of different mental health problems. These results warrant further exploration of these complex links


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Depression/ethnology , Alcohol Drinking/ethnology , Health , Black People , Hispanic or Latino , White People , Men , Depressive Disorder , Anxiety Disorders
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159582

ABSTRACT

Background:.A number of well-conducted clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that religiosity can under some circumstances can help prevent depression and anxiety. Thus, given the prevalence and importance of religiosity, it is reasonable to consider the impact of religiosity on mental well-being such that to clarify its position in the existing literature. Aims of the study: The aims of the present study were (i) To examine the relationship between religiosity and anxiety (ii) To examine the relationship between religiosity and depression. Method: The sample of the study consisted of one hundred and fifty women aged 20-30 which were taken from B.H.U., Varanasi. The various measures used were Religiosity scale by Bhusan (1971), State, Trait and Free Floating Anxiety Scale (Hindi version) by Rastogi and Tripathi (1986), Epidemiological Studies Scale (CES-D) by Radloff (1972)along with personal data schedule respectively. This is a correlational study and it employed Mean, S.D, Range,‘t’ test and correlation for the interpretation of the results. Results: The results indicated that mean sores of depression and anxiety were comparatively higher in low level of religiosity as compared with high level of religiosity. Result of the correlation tests also indicated that religiosity is significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This study confirms the positive links between religiosity and mental health. This shows that high religious women would have good mental health as compared to less religious women.


Subject(s)
Anxiety/ethnology , Depression/ethnology , Female , Humans , Religion and Medicine , Religion and Psychology , Women's Health/ethnology
8.
J. bras. nefrol ; 33(2): 129-135, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593885

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A hemodiálise é responsável por alterações significativas na qualidade de vida dos pacientes renais crônicos. OBJETIVO: Comparar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes em hemodiálise sem depressão (A) com aqueles com algum grau de depressão (B). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e transversal, utilizando o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e a Escala WHOQOL-bref. RESULTADOS: A população foi de 130 pacientes, 65,15 por cento, na A, e 33,84 por cento, na B. Os maiores níveis de depressão se relacionam com maior tempo de tratamento. Houve melhores índices de qualidade de vida para A e à medida que um domínio aumentou, os demais também aumentaram. Destacam-se grandes diferenças no Domínio Psicológico (A: 69,40 e B: 49,22) e Físico (A: 62,81 e B: 42,19) e o Domínio Relações Sociais tem melhores médias entre as populações, assim como correlações com os demais domínios. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da baixa prevalência de quadros depressivos entre os hemodialíticos, deve-se investir no suporte social, psicológico e físico para melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes.


INTRODUCTION: Hemodialysis is respon>sible for significant alterations in the quality of life of chronic renal patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis without depression (A) and those with some level of depression (B). METHODS: This was a transversal and descriptive study in which the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the WHOQOL-bref scale were used. RESULTS: The studied sample consisted of 130 patients, 65.15 percent in A, and 33.84 percent in B. The highest levels of depression were related to longer periods of treatment. Quality of life indexes were better for A, and, as certain domain increased, also were the others. More differences were observed in the Psychological (A: 69.40 and B: 49.22) and Physical (A: 62.81 and B: 42.19) Domains; and the Social Relations Domain had a better average between the populations, as well as a better correlation with the other domains. CONCLUSION: Although there was a low prevalence of depression among hemodialysis patients, some investments should be made in the social, psychological and physical support aiming to improve their quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Depression/ethnology , Depression/psychology , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Renal Dialysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/ethnology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Sickness Impact Profile
9.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 27(3)jul.-set. 2009. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550800

ABSTRACT

Introdução - Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar o perfil epidemiológico de uma população idosa, com sinais e sintomas de depressão, na área de abrangência do Programa de Saúde da Família da Policlínica de Campinas, São José, SC. Material e Métodos - A pesquisa foi realizada em maio de 2003, através de visitas domiciliárias e na instituição "Lar dos Velhinhos de Zulma", abrangendo uma amostra de 36 idosos. Resultados - Entre os idosos asilados houve um predomínio da faixa etária acima de 80 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, enquanto na comunidade o número de idosos distribuiu-se de forma homogênea entre as diferentes faixas etárias. As principais doenças encontradas entre os idosos estudados foram: hipertensão, diabetes, doenças reumáticas e acidente vascular cerebral. Em relação aos fatores de risco à depressão, foram observados: abandono familiar, sedentarismo, doenças físicas e perdas de entes queridos. Conclusão - Concluí-se que a depressão está presente na população idosa, embora ainda não seja reconhecida como uma doença pela grande maioria das pessoas.


Introduction - The aim of this work was to identify the epidemiologic pattern of an elderly population, with signs and symptoms of depression in "Programa Saúde da Família" (PSF) from Policlínica de Campinas, São José, SC, Brazil. Material and Methods - Data were collected in May, 2003, in the form of home visits in the community as well as visits at the asylum "Lar dos Velhinhos de Zulma", including a sample size of 36 elderly individuals. Results - The results showed a prevalence of individuals above 80 years old among the elderly refugees, as well as a prevalence of the feminine sex, while in the community the elderly individuals were equally distributed among the age groups. The main diseases found among the studied group were: hypertension, diabetes, rheumatic diseases and cerebral vascular accident. The main causes of depression were: family abandonment, sedentarysm, physical diseases and losses of dear entities. Conclusion - Overall, depression is an important disease in elderly population, but such problem is not yet recognised as a disease by the majority of population in present days.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/ethnology , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Aged/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology
11.
Säo Paulo; s.n; 2003. 263 p. ilus, mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-355844

ABSTRACT

O aumento crescente da depressäo ao nível mundial e seu impacto sobre a família, associados a nossa trajetória profissional como docente, que sempre acompanhou alunos no estágio de campo, vivificaram o interesse na realizaçäo deste estudo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como as famílias do Brasil e do Peru convivem com os processos de enfermidade e patologia da depressäo. Como fundamentaçäo teórica utilizou-se o Modelo dos Componentes em Enfermagem Transcultural (Herberg, 1995) e a Etnografia como referencial metodológico. Os informantes desta pesquisa foram portadores de diagnóstico de depressäo e seus familiares, de duas instituiçöes de atençäo à saúde mental dos dois países. Da análise dos dados, realizada segundo Janesick (1998), emergiram as categorias culturais que resultou na elaboraçäo de um esquema conceitual. As categorias encontradas foram analisadas com base no Modelo dos componentes em Enfermagem Transcultural que inclui a perspectiva teórica, educativa, da pesquisa e da prática. As famílias brasileiras e peruanas seguem uma trajetória que compreende: O sofrimento anuncia sua chegada; Em busca de soluçäo para o sofrimento; A depressäo inserida na história familiar; Do sofrimento inicial à recuperaçäo do gosto pela vida. A última destas constituiu a semelhança mais evidente encontrada na vivência dos participantes do estudo, em ambos os países. Embora o Brasil e Peru sejam do mesmo continente, limitem-se geograficamente e possuam as características próprias de países em via de desenvolvimento, as diferenças dizem mais respeito ao modo como cada passo da trajetória é vivenciada pelas famílias informantes, em funçäo de suas crenças, hábitos ou costumes, sendo estes mais arraigados no Peru. Os resultados obtidos revelam que a busca da saúde, face à doença, é o ponto de convergência entre os informantes brasileiros e peruanos


Subject(s)
Family , Transcultural Nursing , Cost of Illness , Depression/ethnology
12.
Acta sci ; 24(3): 703-705, jun. 2002. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402653

ABSTRACT

Verificar a prevalência da sintomatologia depressiva na população de idosos com idade superior a 60 anos, numa área adstrita do PSF, no município de Maringá, Estado do Paraná. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando o Inventário para Depressão de Beck. A população estudada foi de 451 indivíduos, da qual foi utilizada uma amostra de 123 pessoas correspondendo a 27,3 por cento do total. Obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: 1) idade média 69 ± 8 anos; 2) disforia: 15,1 por cento dos homens e 17,2 por cento das mulheres (p=0,7590); depressão: 34 por cento dos homens e 37,7 por cento das mulheres (p=0,6942); 3) a prevalência de “depressão” foi 4,8 vezes maior que a população brasileira e 2,1 vezes a dos idosos americanos. Assim, a sintomatologia depressiva foi altamente prevalente na amostra de idosos estudada, de uma área de PSF


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/etiology , Depression/ethnology , Family Health
13.
An. salud ment ; 12(1/2): 147-191, 1996. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-666509

ABSTRACT

Se exploró el saber popular en torno a la experiencia depresiva en Tahuantisuyo Bajo, distrito de Independencia, Lima entre junio a diciembre de 1996. la investigación evidenció el rol fundamental de los aspectos sociales y culturales en la identificación, descripción e interpretación de la depresión y los procesos de búsqueda de ayuda que ésta genera. Las percepciones (signos y significados) y prácticas relacionadas a la salud ocupan, para la comunidad, determinados signos u síntomas y el recurso de los servicios profesionales en el seno de un universo más amplio de búsqueda de ayuda. Aunque el estudio es exploratorio y por consiguiente sus resultados deben ser tomados como hipótesis, esta aproximación invita a la reflexión y discusión de las posibles convergencias y divergencias entre los campos de percepción, expectativas y prácticas populares y profesionales, para lograr servicios de salud mental culturalmente sensibles que afrontan los procesos de salud y enfermedad mental de la población.


Popular knowledge about depressive experience in residents of Tahuantinsuyo Bajo, Independencia district (Lima City) was explored in a study carried out between June and December, 1996. The results show the role of social and cultural aspects in the identification, description and interpretation of depression and the help-seeking behavior that it generates. The perception (signs and meanings) and practices related to health are deeply engrained in the social and cultural context defining at community level the locus of signs and symptoms besides the professional service resources within a universe of help seeking behavior. Despite the exploratory nature of this study and although its conclusions must be taken as hypothesis, this approach invite us to a reflection and discussion about a possible convergent and divergent point of view between popular and professionalÆs perception, expectative and practices, oriented to develop mental health services accordingly to the cultural characteristics of the served population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Depression , Depression/ethnology , Urban Population , Mental Health , Peru
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