ABSTRACT
Mercury is used in various industrial. Part of Mercury's industrial waste is discharged into the environment, rivers and their tributaries, thus contaminating aquatic animals. Aim:to evaluate Mercury-induced behavioral changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by the analysis of locomotor activity and parameters related to neurotoxicity and to verify whether ultra-diluted substances can decrease neurobehavioral effects and toxic. Methodology:The fishes were separated into 4 monitoring aquariums with 8 fishes each, with temperature, pH controlled, until the time of the toxicological experiments. 0.5 mL of Mercury 6cH, 30cH and distilled water (positive control) were added per liter of water in each aquarium containing 6 liters of water, then 3 mL of medication per aquarium, the white control received no medication and the toxic agent. After 1 hour the drugs were added, toxic mercury (200 µg/L), 4 mL per aquarium was added and remained so for 24 hours. All the experiment was run in blind, and the drugs identified by codes. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests (Open Field-locomotion; Vertical Open Field for neurotoxicity evaluation and Light and Dark Test), and each stage was recorded for later evaluation of movements and neurobehavioral changes. ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test, with p <0.05. Results: Mercury produced an anxiogenic effect in animals that were submitted to it without medication. In the vertical open field, there was an increase in erratic movements (1.25 ± 1.0) and tremors (0.87 ± 0.35) compared to the control (0.12 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46 respectively), proving the toxic effect. Fishes which received the medication at 6 cH and 30 ch showed tremors and erratic movements similar to control. Conclusion:200 µg/L mercury in water can cause neurobehavioral disturbances in fishes, and animals receiving Mercurius6 cH and 30 cH ultra-diluted drug did not show neurotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Derived Preparations , Open Field Test , Zebrafish , MercuryABSTRACT
The method of preserving substances of natural origin should not only maintain the microbiological safety of the product but also the integrity of its therapeutic potential. Essential oils obtained from plants are complex mixtures of substances and it issuggested to keep them under refrigeration for better conservation. On the other hand, homeopathic mother tincture prepared from plant is kept at room temperature. Aim: This work aimed to evaluate if the freezing process changes the in vitro antifungal activity potential of the homeopathic preparation Aloysia polystachya1CH against Candida albicans. Methodology:The inoculum of C. albicansATCC 10231 was cultivated in culture médium Sabouroud (Himedia®), standardized on a spectrometer and distributed in a 96-well plate. Then, A. polystachya1CH was added to the wells, prepared accordingtothe Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (FHB, 3rd edition) from A. polystachya essencial oil. An aliquot of this homeopathic preparation was frozen and after 40 days it was submitted to the same methodology for evaluation of the antifungal activity. After incubation, the plates were read with triphenyltetrazolic (TTC) (Vetec®). Results and discussion: The results of the in vitroevaluation showed that the freezing process retained the antifungal activity of the dynamized essential oil of A. polystachya1CH against C. albicans. Conclusion: Under the conditions evaluated in this study, the freezing method presented as a viable method of conservation of dynamized plant material.
Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Candida albicans , Derived Preparations , Antifungal AgentsABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar variaveis tecnicas para o armazenamento de Plasmodium falciparum e de seus componentes antigenicos. Sedimentos de parasitas foram obtidos do cultivo in vitro de P. falciparum e estocados em diferentes temperaturas por diferentes periodos de tempo. De cada variavel, foram extraidos os componentes antigenicos com detergente anfotero Zwittergent na presenca e na ausencia de inibidores de protease e submetidos ou nao a posterior dialise. Os produtos foram estocados por 15, 30 e 60 dias em diferentes temperaturas e caracterizados por SDS-PAGE. A atividade antigenica de cada extrato foi determinada por ELISA e Western blotting usando soros positivos e negativos para anticorpos IgG anti-formas eritrocitarias de P. falciparum. Os extratos antigenicos de parasitas estocados ate 10 dias a -20 graus Celsius ou por 2 meses a -70 graus Celsius e tratados com inibidores de protease, sob as diferentes condicoes de armazenamento, apresentaram melhor definicao das bandas proteicas no SDS-PAGE e Western blot e melhores resultados no ELISA, permitindo diferenciacao segura dos soros positivos e negativos
Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Reference Standards , Serologic Tests/methods , Antigen Presentation , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Blotting, Western , Derived Preparations , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Tradicionalmente los productos biológicos han sido considerados como medicamentos, es por esta razón que el principal objetivo de este artículo es exponer las diferencias más resaltantes y los principios fundamentales para la adecuada evaluación y control de calidad de estos productos, dentro de los cuales se encuentran las vacunas, los derivados sanguíneos o hemoderivados y los inmunorreguladores, los obtenidos mediante tecnología convencional como empleando la Ingeniería Genética
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood , Derived Preparations , Biological Products/analysis , Quality Control , Vaccines/classification , Vaccines/immunology , Vaccination/adverse effects , VaccinationABSTRACT
Elaborado a partir do Manual de Normas Tecnicas para Farmacia Homeopatica, da ABFH, esta Sumula aborda, de forma resumida, informacoes sobre legislacao, local e instalacao de farmacias homeopaticas, formas farmaceuticas basicas e derivadas, acondicionamento, nomenclatura e rotulagem; e dispensacao dos medicamentos, alem de outros itens. Direcionada para o clinico, ela e o resultado de varios encontros e reunioes de profissionais farmaceuticos. Nao se trata de discutir os aspectos mencionados e, sim, familiarizar o clinico com as normas e tecnicas relacionadas ao medicamento homeopatico, peca fundamental no processo de cura