ABSTRACT
La exposición prenatal al alcohol es causa de alteraciones somáticas, cognitivas y conductuales que se agrupan bajo el término de trastorno del espectro alcohólico fetal (TEAF). La evolución a largo plazo de los sujetos afectados a menudo es desfavorable, especialmente a nivel académico y adaptativo social. En el perfil neuropsicológico es característica la disfunción ejecutiva a menudo asociada a trastornos de la conducta que evolucionan en muchos casos hacia la delincuencia a partir de la adolescencia y en la edad adulta. Se han descrito también déficits de las habilidades sociales y la empatía. La exposición prenatal al alcohol constituye la causa más frecuente de trastorno del neurodesarrollo adquirido y prevenible.
Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the cause of cognitive and behavioural disorders grouped under the term fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The long-term evolution of subjects with FASD is often unfavourable, especially in social and academic fields. Executive dysfunction is a hallmark deficit for children with FASD with increased rates of externalizing behaviours, such as aggressiveness and frequently delinquency in adolescence and adulthood. Deficits in social skills, empathy and communication ability are frequent observed among FASD. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the most frequent cause of acquired and preventable neurodevelopmental disorder.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis , Prognosis , Social Behavior Disorders/etiology , Chick Embryo , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Uncertainty , Diagnostic Errors , Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Como ação do Plano Nacional de Enfrentamento à Microcefalia, lançado pelo Governo Federal em dezembro de 2015, esta diretriz tem o objetivo de ajudar os profissionais da Atenção à Saúde no trabalho de estimulação precoce às crianças de zero a 3 anos de idade com microcefalia e, portanto, com alterações ou potenciais alterações no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, e em seus efeitos relacionais e sociais. A estimulação precoce pode ser definida como um programa de acompanhamento e intervenção clínico-terapêutica multiprofissional com bebês de alto risco e com crianças pequenas acometidas por patologias orgânicas entre as quais, a microcefalia , buscando o melhor desenvolvimento possível, por meio da mitigação de sequelas do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, bem como de efeitos na aquisição da linguagem, na socialização e na estruturação subjetiva, podendo contribuir, inclusive, na estruturação do vínculo mãe/bebê e na compreensão e no acolhimento familiar dessas crianças. Construir uma diretriz nacional para estimulação precoce em tempo exíguo, em razão do cenário de urgência dado pelo significativo aumento de casos de microcefalia em função de infecção pelo vírus zika, é tarefa difícil, mas necessária para subsidiar os serviços de saúde em todo o País. Tal dificuldade só foi superada pela disponibilidade e pelo empenho de profissionais, gestores, pesquisadores, entidades científicas e filantrópicas de vários estados brasileiros (envolvidas nos cuidados em reabilitação da Rede SUS), que se dispuseram ao trabalho coletivo de elaborar os...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Health Policy , Microcephaly/complications , /policies , Motor Skills Disorders/complications , /prevention & control , Motor Skills Disorders/virology , Zika Virus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate risk factors for dental caries in children with developmental disabilities who were treated at a clinical reference service for patients with special needs in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated 401 dental charts of individuals without dental caries or restorations in their first dental appointment. The dependent variable was the time of occurrence of new dental caries or restorations and was measured in months. Gender, age, International Code of Diseases (ICD), mother´s education, sugar consumption, use of fluoride toothpaste, oral hygiene, mouth breathing, reports of xerostomia, gingival status, use of psychotropic or asthma drugs, and history of asthma were covariates. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the raw and adjusted hazard ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. The average time that individuals remained free of dental caries/restoration was equal to 107.46 months (95%CI 95.41 to 119.51), with a median of caries-free children up to 94 months. For each point increase in the scale of sucrose consumption, the increase in caries risk was 1.07 (95%CI 1.01 to 1.15). Sucrose consumption was the only risk factor for dental caries found in this group of individuals with developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Dental Caries/etiology , Oral Hygiene , Time Factors , Toothpastes , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects , Dietary Sucrose/adverse effects , Dentifrices , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , FluoridesABSTRACT
The use of mini-implants have made a major contribution to orthodontic treatment. Demand has aroused scientific curiosity about implant placement procedures and techniques. However, the reasons for instability have not yet been made totally clear. The aim of this article is to establish a relationship between implant placement technique and mini-implant success rates by means of examining the following hypotheses: 1) Sites of poor alveolar bone and little space between roots lead to inadequate implant placement; 2) Different sites require mini-implants of different sizes! Implant size should respect alveolar bone diameter; 3) Properly determining mini-implant placement site provides ease for implant placement and contributes to stability; 4) The more precise the lancing procedures, the better the implant placement technique; 5) Self-drilling does not mean higher pressures; 6) Knowing where implant placement should end decreases the risk of complications and mini-implant loss.
O uso de mini-implantes trouxe grandes contribuições ao tratamento ortodôntico. Essa demanda gerou curiosidade científica sobre os procedimentos e técnicas de implantação. Entretanto, instabilidades desses dispositivos ocorrem por motivos ainda não totalmente esclarecidos. Objetiva-se, com esse trabalho, relacionar a técnica de implantação com a taxa de sucesso dos mini-implantes por meio das seguintes hipóteses: 1) áreas com osso alveolar pobre e com pouco espaço inter-radicular levam à inadequada implantação; 2) diferentes áreas requerem distintos tamanhos de mini-implantes! O tamanho do implante deve acompanhar o diâmetro do osso alveolar; 3) a correta determinação do local em que será colocado o mini-implante facilita a instalação e contribui para a estabilidade; 4) quanto mais precisa for a lancetagem, melhor será a técnica de implantação; 5) autoperfuração não significa alta pressão; 6) saber onde finalizar a implantação diminui a incidência de complicações e de perda dos mini-implantes.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Developmental Disabilities/genetics , Germ-Line Mutation , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/genetics , Cryptorchidism/complications , Cryptorchidism/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Germ-Line Mutation/physiology , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile/complications , Pedigree , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl/physiologyABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate factors associated with bruxism in children aged from 1 to 13 years with developmental disabilities. A total of 389 dental records were examined. The bruxism analyzed was determined based on parental reports. The following variables were also analyzed: gender, age, International Code of Diseases (ICD), mouth breathing, history of gastroesophageal reflux, use of psychotropic drugs, gingival status, reports of xerostomia, hyperkinesis, pacifier use, thumb sucking and involuntary movements. For the purposes of analysis, the individuals were categorized as being with and without bruxism. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were incorporated into the logistic regression models. Females had a 0.44-fold (95%CI: 0.25 to 0.78) greater chance of exhibiting bruxism than males. Individuals with gastroesophageal reflux had a 2.28-fold (95%CI: 1.03 to 5.02) greater chance of exhibiting bruxism. Individuals with reported involuntary movements had a 2.24-fold (95%CI: 1.19 to 4.24) greater chance of exhibiting bruxism than those without such movements. Exhibiting involuntary movements, the male gender and gastroesophageal reflux are factors associated with bruxism in children with developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bruxism/physiopathology , Developmental Disabilities/physiopathology , Bruxism/etiology , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Dyskinesias/physiopathology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications , Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology , Mouth Breathing/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: It is well known that expressive language impairment is commonly less severe than receptive language impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this result is based on experiments in Western countries with Western language scales. This study tries to find whether the result above is applicable for toddlers in a non-Western country; more specifically, in Korea with non-Western language scales. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were 166 toddlers aged between 20 months and 50 months who visited the clinic from December 2010 to January 2013. The number of toddlers diagnosed as ASD and developmental language delay (DLD) was 103 and 63, respectively. Language development level was assessed using Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), a Korean language scale. Using SELSI, each group was divided into 3 sub-groups. Moreover, the group difference by age was observed by dividing them into three age groups. Chi-square test and linear-by-linear association was used for analysis. RESULTS: Receptive language ability of the DLD group was superior to that of the ASD group in all age groups. However, expressive language ability in both groups showed no difference in all age groups. A greater proportion of expressive dominant type was found in ASD. The 20-29 months group in ASD showed the largest proportion of expressive language dominant type in the three age groups, suggesting that the younger the ASD toddler is, the more severe the receptive language impairment is. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that receptive-expressive language characteristics in ASD at earlier age could be useful in the early detection of ASD.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/complications , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Early Diagnosis , Language , Language Development , Language Development Disorders/complications , Language Tests , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
El síndrome de Sotos se caracteriza por macrosomía, retraso del desarrollo, rasgos faciales típicos y alteraciones cerebrales. En el año 2002 se identificó al gen responsable de ésta patología NSD1, localizado en el brazo largo del cromosoma 5 (5q35.2-q35.3). El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las curvas de crecimiento de 6 niños con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Sotos seguidos en los Servicios de Crecimiento y Desarrollo y Genética del Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo por revisión de historias clínicas, de los datos antropométricos (peso, estatura, perímetro cefálico, longitud tronco, estatura de ambos padres) edad ósea, desarrollo puberal y características clínicas. Se analizaron las curvas de distancia. Se calculó la diferencia de puntaje z de estatura y perímetro cefálico al nacer, 2, 6 años y al final del seguimiento. Resultados: la mediana de peso y longitud corporal al nacer fue estadísticamente mayor que la población argentina (p<0,05). Durante el primer y segundo año de vida se observó aceleración del crecimiento, siendo más evidente en estatura y perímetro cefálico que en peso. Luego de esa edad todos los niños mostraron macrocefalia y el 83% (5/6) alta estatura para la población con crecimiento normal. La mediana de puntaje z de IMC fue 0,61 (r: 0,12/1,80). Todos los niños mostraron tendencia a miembros largos. 67% presentó edad ósea avanzada. Uno de cinco niños mostró inicio puberal temprano: 9,21 años de edad. Conclusiones: La curva de crecimiento de estos seis niños con diagnostico de síndrome de Sotos muestran un patrón similar. La macrocefalia y alta estatura, presentes a partir de los dos años de edad, fue la principal característica de estos niños. El IMC fue normal en todos los niños.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Growth and Development , Musculoskeletal Development , Fetal Macrosomia/diagnosis , Fetal Macrosomia/genetics , Argentina , /geneticsABSTRACT
Klinefelter’s syndrome is a sex chromosomal aneuploidy caused by an addition of X chromosome in males (47,XXY).Variants of this syndrome with X and Y polygamy are of rare occurrence. Here we describe a rare case of 48, XXXY Klinefelter’s variant from South India with a reported incidence of 1 per 17,000 to 1 per 50,000 male births. The presence of an extra X chromosome/s in these individuals has a great impact on the physical and cognitive functions, which could be attributed to gene dosage effects and genes involved in neurogenic development.
Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Child , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Klinefelter Syndrome/complications , Klinefelter Syndrome/diagnosis , Klinefelter Syndrome/genetics , MaleSubject(s)
Cerebellum/abnormalities , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Head/abnormalities , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Pons/abnormalities , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Autoantibodies/blood , Humans , Peptides, Cyclic/immunology , Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis , Rheumatoid Factor/blood , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Joubert syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder with only 200 cases reported worldwide.Here we report 4 cases of this rare disorder with MRI findings.
Subject(s)
Ataxia/complications , Ataxia/genetics , Cerebellum/abnormalities , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Developmental Disabilities/genetics , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/complications , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Muscle Hypotonia/complications , Muscle Hypotonia/genetics , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/complications , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/genetics , Respiration Disorders/complications , Respiration Disorders/genetics , SyndromeABSTRACT
Scurvy is very rare disease in industrialized societies. Nevertheless, it still exists in higher risk groups including economically disadvantaged populations with poor nutrition, such as the elderly and chronic alcoholics. The incidence of scurvy in the pediatric population is very low. This study reports a case of scurvy in a 5-year-old girl with cerebral palsy and developmental delay based on MRI findings.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Ascorbic Acid/blood , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Cholecalciferol/blood , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Drainage , Femur/pathology , Fever/etiology , Follow-Up Studies , Hematoma/diagnosis , Knee/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Muscle Weakness/etiology , Rare Diseases , Scurvy/complications , Thigh/pathology , Vitamins/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Soto's syndrome, also known, as cerebral gigantism is a rare syndrome characterized by large size, large head and early psychomotor delay. Major diagnostic criteria include facial dysmorphisms, advanced bone age and developmental delay. Herein, a case of Soto's syndrome with rare finding of bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureters is being reported.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/complications , Dilatation, Pathologic , Gigantism/complications , Humans , Hydronephrosis/complications , Infant , Male , Syndrome , Ureter/pathologySubject(s)
Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Epilepsy/complications , Female , Humans , India , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Intellectual Disability/complications , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Sampling Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Adult , Anemia, Macrocytic/complications , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Breast Feeding , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Diet, Vegetarian/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mother-Child Relations , Pneumonia/complications , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Tremor/etiology , Vitamin B 12/therapeutic useABSTRACT
La hipótesis del neurodesarrollo en la esquizofrenia establece que la enfermedad está asociada con un desarrollo cerebral anormal. Este defecto predispone a un tipo de disfunción cerebral característico en el comienzo de la vida adulta y a la sintomatología clínica reconocible de la enfermedad. Las evidencias de un neurodesarrollo patológico en la esquizofrenia proviene de los estudios por neuroimágenes, de estudios histológicos de necropsias, de anormalidades neurofuncionales premórbidas y de noxas durante la vida intrauterina en pacientes esquizofrénicos
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrum/abnormalities , Developmental Disabilities/complications , Schizophrenia/etiology , Fetal Development , Hypothesis-Testing , Neurodegenerative Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
Se revisan algunos conceptos básicos de la musicoterapia con el paciente psicótico, sus fundamentos teóricos y sus técnicas de aplicación en el campo clínico. Se describen conceptos teóricos específicos del desarrollo temprano del niño, para así explicarel setting característico de la intervención musicoterapéutica: la función de la música, de los instrumentos musicales y de las grabaciones, así como el rol del musicoterapeuta durante la improvisación con el paciente. El trabajo incluye algunos ejemplos clínicos demostrativos, provenientes del tratamiento musicoterapéutico de un paciente de 24 años, diagnosticado como esquizofrenia paranoide
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Schizophrenia/therapy , Music Therapy , Psychotherapy , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities/complicationsABSTRACT
Se presenta el caso clínico de adolescente de 14 años con síndrome de Asperger quien desarrollo en su período puberal, un trastorno obsesivo compulsivo. Se discute la relación de estos trastornos y se plantean interrogantes en esta asociación