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1.
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(3): 315-322, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040245

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: It is hypothesized that increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression may contribute to diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the renal effects of MIF inhibition in a diabetic experimental model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g) were divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) diabetic (STZ, 50 mg/kg, dissolved in saline, ip), 3) diabetic + MIF antagonist (p425, 1 mg/kg per day, ip, on the 21th day, for 21 consecutive days). The treatment started since we founwd a significant increase in urine albumin excretion (UAE) rate in the diabetic rats in comparison with the control rats. The rats were kept individually in metabolic cages (8 AM-2 PM) and urine samples were collected in the 21 and 42th day. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical (BS, UPE, urine GAG, BUN, Cr, Na, and K) and histological analyses. Results: The results of this study showed that MIF antagonist (p425) significantly decreased urine protein and GAG excretion, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and serum BUN and Cr in the streptozotocin-induced DN in the rats. Pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the MIF antagonist (p425)-administered DN rats. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggested that MIF antagonist (p425) was able to protect against functional and histopathological injury in the DN.


Resumo Introdução: Supõe-se que elevações da expressão do fator de inibição da migração de macrófagos (MIF) possam contribuir para a patogênese da nefropatia diabética (ND). O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos renais da inibição do MIF em um modelo experimental diabético. Métodos: Dezoito ratos Wistar machos (230 ± 20g) foram divididos em três grupos: 1) controle, 2) diabético (STZ 50 mg/kg dissolvida em soro fisiológico, IP), 3) diabético + antagonista do MIF (p425 1 mg/kg por dia IP no 21o dia por 21 dias consecutivos). O tratamento começou após a identificação de aumento significativo na albuminúria nos ratos diabéticos em relação aos controles. Os ratos foram mantidos individualmente em gaiolas metabólicas (8h-14h) e amostras de urina foram colhidas no 21o e no 42o dia. Ao final do estudo, amostras de sangue e tecido foram colhidas para análises bioquímicas (BS, excreção urinária de proteína, excreção urinária de GAGs, BUN, Cr, Na e K) e histológicas. Resultados: O presente estudo demonstrou que o antagonista do MIF (p425) diminuiu significativamente proteinúria, excreção urinária de GAGs , relação proteína/creatinina na urina, BUN e Cr no grupo com ND induzida por estreptozotocina. As alterações patológicas foram significativamente abrandadas nos ratos com ND que receberam antagonista do MIF (p425). Conclusão: Coletivamente, os dados sugerem que o antagonista do MIF (p425) teve efeito protetor contra lesões funcionais e histopatológicas da ND.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Blood Glucose , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin/pharmacology , Creatinine/urine , Creatinine/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Albuminuria/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Kidney/pathology , Macrophage Activation
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 41(2): 208-214, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012536

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Having national data on chronic dialysis is essential in treatment planning. Objective: To present data of the survey from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology on patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis in July 2017. Methods: Data was collected from dialysis units in Brazil. The data collection was done using a questionnaire completed online by the dialysis units. Results: Two hundred and ninety-one centers (38.4%) answered the questionnaire. In July 2017, the estimated total number of dialysis patients was 126,583. National estimates of prevalence and incidence rates of dialysis patients per million population (pmp) were 610 (range: 473 in the North region and 710 in the Midwest) and 194, respectively. The incidence rate of new dialysis patients with diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy was 77 pmp. The annual gross mortality rate was 19.9%. Of the prevalent patients, 93.1% were on hemodialysis and 6.9% on peritoneal dialysis, with 31,226 (24%) on the waiting list for renal transplantation. Venous catheter was used as access in 22.6% of patients on hemodialysis. The prevalence rate of positive serology for hepatitis C continued with a tendency to decrease (3.3%). Conclusion: The absolute number of patients and rates of incidence and prevalence on dialysis continued to increase; the mortality rate tended to rise. There were obvious regional and state discrepancies in these rates.


Resumo Introdução: Dados nacionais sobre diálise crônica são fundamentais no planejamento do tratamento. Objetivo: Apresentar dados do inquérito da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia sobre os pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico em julho de 2017. Métodos: Levantamento de dados de unidades de diálise do país. A coleta de dados foi feita utilizando questionário preenchido on-line pelas unidades de diálise. Resultados: 291 (38,4%) centros responderam ao questionário. Em julho de 2017, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise foi de 126.583. As estimativas nacionais das taxas de prevalência e de incidência de pacientes em tratamento dialítico por milhão da população (pmp) foram 610 (variação: 473 na região Norte e 710 no Centro-Oeste) e 194, respectivamente. A taxa de incidência de novos pacientes em diálise com diagnóstico de nefropatia diabética foi de 77 pmp. A taxa anual de mortalidade bruta foi de 19,9%. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 93,1% estavam em hemodiálise e 6,9% em diálise peritoneal, com 31.226 (24%) em fila de espera para transplante. Cateter venoso era usado como acesso em 22,6% dos pacientes em hemodiálise. A taxa de prevalência de sorologia positiva para hepatite C continua a mostrar tendência para redução (3,3%). Conclusão: O número absoluto de pacientes e as taxas de incidência e prevalência em diálise continuam a aumentar; a taxa de mortalidade tendeu a elevar-se. Há discrepâncias regionais e estaduais evidentes nessas taxas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Peritoneal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Mortality/trends , Kidney Transplantation , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(supl.1): 718-728, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902251

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la nefropatía diabética, es un trastorno metabólico en el que la hiperglucemia induce disfunción en diversos tipos de células del riñón, que deriva en insuficiencia renal progresiva. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de variables de funcionamiento renal en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 en tres consultorio médicos de la familia del Policlínico Comunitario "José J. Milanés", Municipio de Matanzas, entre mayo del 2013 y mayo del 2014. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en un universo conformado por 129 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La muestra fueron 85 pacientes seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. Variables objeto de estudio: tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, glucemia, creatinina, microalbuminuria y filtrado glomerular. Resultados: 39 pacientes se encontraban con un período de diagnóstico entre 6 y 10 años, correspondiendo a esta etapa el mayor por ciento (45.9 %). 74 pacientes (87 %) presentó hiperglicemia y el 76,9 % (30 pacientes) presentaron cifras elevadas de creatinina. Para el filtrado glomerular predominaron los pacientes que se encuentran en el estadio II con un 43.6 % y tiempo de evolución entre los 6 y los 10 años, en la microalbuminuria, se destaca que el 42,1 % de los pacientes con menos de 5 años de evolución de la enfermedad presentaban cifras de microalbuminuria por encima de 30 mg/l). Conclusiones: predominaron los pacientes con tiempo de evolución entre los 6 a 10 años, grupo con los mayores porcentaje de pacientes con glucemia, creatinina, filtrado glomerular y microalbuminuria elevados. EL total de pacientes con más de 16 años de evolución de la enfermedad tenían cifras elevadas de filtrado glomerular y microalbuminuria (AU).


Introduction: diabetic nephropathy is a metabolic disturbance in which hyperglycemia induces dysfunction in different kinds of kidneys cells. It derives in progressive renal insufficiency. Objective: to describe the behaviour of renal function variables in type 2 diabetic patients in three family physician consultation (CMF, abbreviation in Spanish) of the Community Polyclinic "José J. Milanés", municipality of Matanzas in the period May 2013-May 2014. Materials and methods: descriptive, transversal study in a universe of 129 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Simply randomized sample composed by 85 patients. The studied variables were time of disease evolution, glycemia, creatinine, microalbuminuria and glomerular filtration. Results: 39 patients were found in a diagnostic period between 6 and 10 years, the biggest percent (45.9 %) corresponding to this stage. 74 patients (87 %) presented hyperglycemia and 30 patients (76.9 %) showed high quantitites of creatinine. Patients that were in the II stage for 43.6 % and evolution time between 6 and 10 years predominated in the glomerular filtration; 42.1 % of the patients with less than 5 years of the disease evolution showed amounts of microalbuminuria of over 30 mg/l. Conclusions: it was found the predomination of patients with 6-10 years of evolution time, the group with the highest percent of patients with increased glycemia, creatinine, glomerular filtration and microalbuminuria. The total of the patients with more than 16 years of disease evolution had high amounts of glomerular filtrate and microalbuminuria (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biomarkers/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/rehabilitation , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Observational Studies as Topic
4.
Cad. saúde pública ; 29(6): 1241-1250, Jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-677060

ABSTRACT

O objetivo foi de analisar os fatores associados ao início planejado da diálise dos pacientes diabéticos que iniciaram o tratamento no Município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estudo transversal com 250 pacientes diabéticos que iniciaram diálise entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2007. Iniciar a diálise com fístula arteriovenosa ou em diálise peritoneal foi classificado como início planejado. Foram investigadas as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e de utilização de serviços de saúde por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise multivariada utilizou-se regressão de Poisson. Setenta por cento dos pacientes começaram a diálise de forma não planejada e 67% dos que consultaram com o nefrologista foram encaminhados com mais de quatro meses. Frequentar o centro de saúde, não ter a primeira consulta com nefrologista paga pelo SUS e ter tido opção de escolha para o tratamento da doença renal foram fatores relacionados ao início planejado da diálise. O início não planejado da diálise é comum no Município de Belo Horizonte e ocorre independentemente do tempo de encaminhamento ao nefrologista.


The objective was to analyze factors associated with planned initiation of dialysis in diabetic patients in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study of 250 diabetic patients who began dialysis between January 2006 and December 2007. Initiating dialysis with an arteriovenous fistula or in peritoneal dialysis was classified as planned initiation. The study targeted socio-demographic, clinical, and health services use variables using a semi-structured interview. Multivariate analysis used Poisson regression. Seventy per cent of the patients began dialysis on an unplanned basis, and 67% of those consulted had been referred to a nephrologist more than four months previously. Attending a health center, not having the first nephrology appointment paid for by the Brazilian Unified National Health System, and having a choice of treatment for the kidney disease were associated with planned initiation of dialysis. Unplanned initiation of dialysis is common in the city of Belo Horizonte and occurs regardless of the time since referral to the nephrologist.


El objetivo fue analizar los factores asociados al inicio planificado de la diálisis en los pacientes diabéticos que comenzaron el tratamiento en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal con 250 pacientes diabéticos que comenzaron tratamiento de diálisis entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2007. Iniciar la diálisis con fístula arteriovenosa o diálisis peritoneal se clasificó como inicio planificado. Se investigaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de utilización de los servicios de salud por medio de una encuesta semi-estructurada. Para la regresión multivariante se utilizó Poisson. El 70% de los pacientes iniciaron diálisis de forma no planificada y un 67% de los que consultaron con el nefrólogo fueron remitidos al mismo tras más de 4 meses de dolencia. Asistir al centro de salud, no tener una primera consulta con un nefrólogo pagado por el SUS y contar con la opción de elección para el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal son factores relacionados con la iniciación prevista de la diálisis. La diálisis no planificada es común en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte y se produce independientemente del momento en el que se deriva al paciente al nefrólogo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Primary Health Care , Renal Dialysis/methods , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 35(1): 13-19, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670911

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) quando submetidos ao exercício resistido (ER) apresentam substancial melhorias de muitas funções, em especial os relacionados ao sistema cardiovascular, respiratório, muscular e na qualidade de vida (QV). Não existem avaliações do impacto de exercício simples e factíveis em pacientes com DRC associada ao Diabetes Mellitus (DM) durante o período intradialítico. OBJETIVO: Estudar o papel do exercício resistido no tratamento e na qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise crônica (HD). Assim, submetemos pacientes com DRC e DM ao ER durante a hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes em cada grupo: 1: DM com DRC submetidos ao ER; 2: DM com DRC sedentários; 3: DRC e ER e, 4: DRC sedentários. Avaliações durante oito semanas, com ER três vezes na semana. Avaliação laboratorial, teste de força muscular (FM) e QV (SF-36). RESULTADOS: O ER induziu melhoria na glicemia e na FM com discretas, mas significantes alterações na uréia e, K (p < 0,0001). Foi de impacto a melhoria na avaliação dos parâmetros de QV (p < 0,001) com o ER, como a Capacidade Funcional, o Aspecto Físico, redução das Dores (de uma maneira geral), Saúde Geral, Vitalidade, a Função Social, Estado Emocional e na Saúde Mental. Conclusão: O programa de ER (simples e factível) no período intradialítico alterou parâmetros clínicos, na FM e uma significante melhoria na avaliação da QV. O impacto na QV foi importante para o paciente, inclusive envolvendo melhoria em nível familiar e de relacionamento social quando submetidos ao ER.


INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when subjected to resistance exercise (RE) show substantial improvements in many functions, especially those related to the cardiovascular system, respiratory, muscular and quality of life (QOL). There are no evaluations of the impact of exercise simple and feasible in patients with CKD associated with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) during the intradialytic period. Thus, patients with CKD and submit to the DM + RE during hemodialysis. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of resistance exercise in the treatment and quality of life in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: 15 patients in each group: 1: DM with CKD and RE; 2: DM + CKD sedentary; 3: CKD + RE and 4: DRC sedentary. They were evaluated during eight weeks, with RE three times a week. Parameters: Laboratory assessments, muscle strength testing (FM) and QV (SF-36). RESULTS: RE induced improvement in glucose and FM with subtle but significant changes in urea, or even in the K (p < 0.0001). It was an improvement in the impact assessment of QOL parameters (p < 0.001) with the RE, such as Functional Capacity, Physical Aspect, Reduction of Pain (in general), General Health, Vitality, Social Function, Emotional State and Mental Health. CONCLUSION: The RE program (simple and feasible) during intradialytic clinical parameters changed FM and a significant improvement in QOL assessment were observed. The impact on QOL was important for the patient, including those involving improvement in level of family and social relationships when subjected to RE.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Exercise Therapy , Quality of Life , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , /complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
6.
J. bras. nefrol ; 34(2): 117-121, abr.-jun. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-643711

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A causa mais frequente de insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) nos pacientes iniciando tratamento dialítico nos países desenvolvidos é o diabetes mellitus (DM), com índices crescentes e que hoje se aproximam de 50%. No Brasil, os dados disponíveis indicam que essa prevalência é inferior, em torno de 27%, embora venha aumentando. OBJETIVOS: Estimar a prevalência de DM na população adulta de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico por IRC em Porto Alegre, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, quantitativo e analítico, com inquérito sobre a prevalência de DM entre os 1.288 pacientes em tratamento por hemodiálise (HD) crônica nas 15 clínicas do município nos meses de junho e julho de 2009. Resultados: 488 pacientes diabéticos foram identificados, uma prevalência de 37,9%, variando de 21 - 75% nas diferentes clínicas da cidade. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de DM entre pacientes em HD crônica em Porto Alegre é muito superior ao que tem sido atribuído como causa de IRC no país, o que indica a possibilidade de que essa etiologia de IRC possa estar sendo subestimada.


INTRODUCTION: The most common cause of chronic renal failure (CRF) among patients who are starting on dialysis in developed countries is diabetes mellitus (DM), with growing rates approaching 50%. In Brazil, the available data indicate a lower prevalence, around 27%, even though it is also increasing. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of DM in the adult population of patients on hemodialysis for CRF in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and analytical survey study on the prevalence of DM among the 1,288 patients on hemodialysis (HD) in all the 15 clinics in the city from June to July, 2009. RESULTS: 488 diabetic patients were identified, a prevalence of 37.9%, ranging from 21 - 75% in the different clinics of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DM among chronic HD patients in Porto Alegre is higher than what was previously published as a cause of CRF in the country, which indicates the possibility that this etiology of CRF may have been underestimated.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Renal Dialysis
7.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 19(2): 142-147, jun. 2012. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-675017

ABSTRACT

La diabetes afecta aproximadamente al 10% de la población adulta, por lo que constituye la etiología más frecuente de enfermedad renal entre los pacientes que requieren hemodiálisis. La hipertensión está frecuentemente asociada con la diabetes tipo 2, en la que se presenta como diagnóstico previo, concomitante o posterior, y a la diabetes tipo 1, como consecuencia de la nefropatía. La hipertensión incrementa el riesgo cardiovascular y acelera la progresión de la nefropatía, en tanto que su tratamiento retrasa los eventos cardiovasculares y renales. Los mecanismos principalmente involucrados en la hipertensión y progresión de la nefropatía son la expansión secundaria a la reabsorción incrementada de sodio y la sobreestimulación del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, y la vasoconstricción por desregulación de los moduladores de la resistencia vascular. Los objetivos generales del tratamiento antihipertensivo en el paciente con diabetes son lograr una presión arterial sistólica < 130 mm Hg y diastólica < 80 mm Hg, y menores en el paciente proteinúrico (< 125/75 mm Hg). Para alcanzar estos objetivos debe restringirse la ingesta de sodio a < 2 000 mg/día, considerándose los inhibidores del sistema renina-angiotensina como las drogas de elección inicial para retrasar la disminución del filtrado glomerular. El algoritmo del tratamiento antihipertensivo sugiere la modificación de los hábitos de vida y asociaciones farmacológicas orientadas fisiopatológicamente para alcanzar los objetivos


Subject(s)
Hypertension/classification , Hypertension/therapy , Impacts of Polution on Health , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/rehabilitation , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy
8.
Invest. clín ; 53(1): 52-59, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664565

ABSTRACT

Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos han demostrado que la enfermedad cardiovascular está relacionada con un aumento en la tasa de mortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Las complicaciones vasculares son principalmente secundarias a calcificaciones y ateroesclerosis. En los últimos años se ha renovado el interés por la asociación entre niveles de ácido úrico y riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo de esta investigación fue relacionar la presencia de calcificaciones vasculares (CV) y aterosclerosis, evaluadas mediante ecografía carotídea, con niveles de ácido úrico en pacientes con ERC estadio 5 en diálisis. Se observaron CV en 56% de los pacientes; 46% tuvo criterios ecográficos para aterosclerosis con un promedio general de 0,89 mm (DE: ± 0,28), siendo mayor en los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus; este grupo también mostró mayor predisposición para CV (p= 0,01). Los niveles de urea (141,3 mg/dL) (p= 0,01) y ácido úrico (6,9 mg/dL) (p= 0,04) mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de CV. Los eventos cardiovasculares adversos predominaron en los pacientes con aterosclerosis y CV (p= 0,01). Esta investigación demostró que un incremento en los niveles de ácido úrico por encima de 6 mg/L está relacionado con mayor riesgo de presentar calcificaciones y eventos cardiovasculares adversos en pacientes con ERC.


Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that cardiovascular disease is associated with an increase in mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular complications are mainly secondary to calcification and atherosclerosis. Interest in the association between uric acid levels and cardiovascular risk has been renewed in recent years. The objective of this research was to determine the relation between vascular calcification (VC) and atherosclerosis, through carotid ultrasound, with uric acid levels in patients with CKD in dialysis. VCs were observed in 56% of patients, 46% had ultrasound criteria for atherosclerosis with an overall average of 0.89 mm (SD ± 0.28), being higher in patients with hypertension and diabetes; this group also showed increased susceptibility to VC (p= 0.01). The levels of urea (141.3 mg/dL) (p= 0.01) and uric acid (6.9 mg/dL) (p= 0.04) showed significant association with the presence of VC. Adverse cardiovascular events were observed mainly in patients with atherosclerosis and VC (p= 0.01). This investigation showed that an increase in uric acid levels above 6 mg/dL is associated with an increased risk of calcification and cardiovascular adverse events in CKD patients in dialysis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Atherosclerosis/epidemiology , Calcinosis/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Uric Acid/blood , Chronic Disease , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Calcinosis/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Creatinine/blood , Disease Susceptibility , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hyperuricemia/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/blood , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Lipids/blood , Prospective Studies , Renal Dialysis , Risk , Venezuela/epidemiology
9.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 43(2): 81-83, jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634675

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae no-O1, no-O139 es un agente poco frecuente como causal de bacteriemias y no hay informes que documenten su presencia en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica. Se describe el caso de una paciente en hemodiálisis crónica que presentó un cuadro de sepsis, por lo cual inició un tratamiento con vancomicina y ceftacidima. Al cabo de seis horas y media de incubación en el sistema BACT/ALERT de hemocultivo, se evidenció la presencia de bacilos curvos gram negativos, posteriormente identificados como Vibrio cholerae mediante pruebas bioquímicas convencionales y el uso de los kits API 20 NE y VITEK 2. La evaluación del serogrupo y de la presencia de factores de patogenicidad, realizada en el laboratorio de referencia, determinó que el microorganismo hallado pertenecía al serogrupo no-O1, no-O139. No se detectó la toxina de cólera, tampoco el factor de colonización ni la toxina termoestable. El aislamiento presentó sensibilidad frente a ampicilina, trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol, ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, ceftacidima y cefotaxima por el método de difusión con discos y por VITEK 2. La paciente cumplió 14 días de tratamiento con ceftacidima endovenosa, con evolución favorable.


Non-O1, and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is an infrequent cause of bacteremia. There are no reports of such bacteremia in chronic hemodialysis patients. This work describes the case of a chronic hemodialysis patient that had an episode of septicemia associated with dialysis. Blood cultures were obtained and treatment was begun with vancomycin and ceftazidime. After 6.5 hours of incubation in the Bact/Alert system there is evidence of gram-negative curved bacilli that were identified as Vibrio cholerae by conventional biochemical tests, API 20 NE and the VITEK 2 system. This microorganism was sent to the reference laboratory for evaluation of serogroup and virulence factors and was identified as belonging to the non-O1 and non-O139 serogroup. The cholera toxin, colonization factor and heat-stable toxin were not detected. The isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftazidime and cefotaxime by the disk diffusion method and the VITEK 2 system. The patient received intravenous ceftazidime for a 14 day- period and had a favorable outcome.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Bacteremia/microbiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Renal Dialysis , Vibrio Infections/microbiology , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/complications , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods , Ceftazidime/administration & dosage , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Immunocompromised Host , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Risk Factors , Virulence , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Vibrio Infections/complications , Vibrio Infections/drug therapy , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/drug effects , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/pathogenicity
10.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 63(6): 946-949, nov.-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-573895

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se descrever o autocuidado do nefropata diabético. Estudo descritivo, realizado de julho-agosto/2004 na unidade de referência secundária em diabetes mellitus em Fortaleza-CE com 30 pacientes, por meio dos prontuários, entrevista semiestruturada e observação não-participante. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino; 51 a 60 anos; baixa escolaridade; renda mensal de um salário mínimo, nefropatas diabéticos do tipo 2 associado a hipertensão arterial. As orientações do autocuidado foram realizadas por enfermeiros e médicos. A dieta e o fator psicológico constituíram os maiores obstáculos ao tratamento e o fator financeiro foi a causa principal e limitante à consecução deste. Conclui-se que uma educação mais intensa, contextualizada à realidade vivida pode contribuir para a auto suficiência e melhoria da qualidade de vida dos nefropatas diabéticos.


One aimed to describe the selfcare of diabetic nephropathy. Descriptive study assisted in july-august/2004 a Reference Unit for diabetes mellitus in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. It is a, performed at the referral Secundary diabetes mellitus in Fortaleza-CE with 30 patients, across the medical files, semistructured interview and observation no participant. Predominance the female gender; 51 to 60 age; low education, monthly income of a minimum wage, nephropathy diabetes bearers type 2 associate the arterial hypertension. As to the orientations about selfcare, they are carried out by nurses and doctors. The diet and the psychological factor represented bearers the biggest obstacles to the treatment and the financial factor the main and limiting cause to its execution. We concluded that it is necessary a more intense education, contextualized with the reality in order to contribute to the diabetic nephropathy bearer's self sufficiency and quality of life enhancement.


El objetivo fue describir el autocuidado del nefropata diabético. Estudio descriptivo, realizado de julho-agosto/2004 em unidad de referencia em diabetes melitus, em Fortaleza,CE, Brasil, con 30 pacientes a través de los registros, entrevista semiestructurada y la observación no participante. Hubo mas pacientes del sexo feminino con 51-60 años; baja escolaridad; sueldo mensual de un salário; el diabetes tipo 2 asociados a la hipertensión. Las orientaciones de autocuidado fueron realizadas por enfermeras y médicos. La dieta y el factor psicológico fueron los principales obstáculos al tratamiento y el factor financiero la causa principal al insuceso del tratamiento. A la conclusión indica que en una educación más intensa, contextualizada a la realidad del paciente puede contribuir a la autosuficiencia y una mejor calidad de vida de los nefropatas diabéticos.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Self Care
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(9): 793-800, dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-578359

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical care pattern and to compare the lipid and glycemic profile in a group of diabetic patients undergoing both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to correlate these data using biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The first phase consisted in performing a survey on demographic data, questions about the medical team and glycemic control. In the second phase, patients were assessed through laboratorial data on their glycemic and lipid profile at a single center for HD and PD. RESULTS: 91 patients was the total population; 70 patients (77 percent) answered the survey; 66 patients (94 percent) considered the nephrologist the physician responsible for caring for their glycemic control. Second phase: 59 patients were assessed, 29 undergoing HD and 30 undergoing PD. Fifty-seven percent of the patients had HbA1c above 7 percent; the level of glycemic markers in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis was significantly higher than in patients undergoing hemodialysis: HbA1c (9.37 ± 0.5) vs. (7.37 ± 0.49) p < 0.01; fasting glycemia (170 ± 15) vs. (126 ± 15) mg/dL p < 0.05. We found a positive correlation between HbA1c and hyperfibrinogenemia (r = 0.4437, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The data reveal that glycemic control in diabetic patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) is neglected. Peritoneal dialysis is related to the worst level of glycemic markers, possibly due to the glucose content in the dialysis solution, and higher levels from HbA1c have a positive correlation with hyperfibrinogenesis in this population.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as características dos cuidados clínicos dos pacientes em diálise, comparar o controle glicêmico e lipídico entre os pacientes diabéticos em hemodiálise (HD) e em diálise peritoneal (DP) e correlacionar os dados laboratoriais com biomarcadores de risco cardiovascular. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A primeira etapa consistiu de um questionário abordando variáveis demográficas, questões sobre a equipe multidisciplinar, incluindo a equipe médica e sobre o controle glicêmico. Na segunda, os pacientes foram avaliados com exames laboratoriais para controle glicêmico e perfil lipídico numa unidade de HD e DP. RESULTADOS: Dos 91 pacientes avaliados, setenta (77 por cento) responderam ao questionário. Destes, 66 (94 por cento) consideraram o nefrologista o médico responsável pelo cuidado do seu controle glicêmico. Na segunda etapa, foram avaliados 59 pacientes: 29 em HD e 30 em DP. Cinquenta e sete por cento dos pacientes diabéticos em diálise apresentaram HbA1c acima de 7 por cento, sendo que aqueles em diálise peritoneal apresentam níveis de marcadores glicêmicos significativamente piores do que os pacientes diabéticos em HD, HbA1c: (9,37 ± 0,5) vs. (7,37 ± 0,49) p < 0.01; glicemia de jejum: (170 ± 15) vs. (126 ± 15) mg/dL, p < 0.05. Encontramos uma correlação positiva entre HbA1c e hiperfibrinogenemia (r = 0.4437, p < 0.0005). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados permitem inferir que o controle glicêmico da população diabética em terapia renal de substituição (TRS) é negligenciado. A diálise peritoneal está relacionada com piora nos níveis de marcadores glicêmicos, possivelmente em decorrência do conteúdo de glicose das soluções de diálise, e os níveis elevados de HbA1c estão associados com hiperfibrinogenemia nesta população.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Fibrinogen/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Lipids/blood , Renal Dialysis/methods , Biomarkers/blood , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Peritoneal Dialysis , Patient Care Team/standards
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552749

ABSTRACT

O papel específico das modificações da dieta no tratamento da nefropatia diabética (ND) ainda não está elucidado. A substituição de proteína de origem animal por soja em pacientes com Diabete Melito (DM) poderia ser benéfica para a função renal. O objetivo do presente manuscrito foi revisar criticamente as evidências acerca do papel da soja na ND. Foram selecionados seis ensaios clínicos randomizados conduzidos em pacientes com DM, dentre os quais cinco demonstraram melhora de pelo menos um marcador de função renal com a dieta com soja. Os mecanismos através dos quais essas dietas promoveriam melhora da ND não foram elucidados, assim como não está estabelecido ainda se há distinção no efeito benéfico aos rins dos diferentes produtos à base de soja disponíveis no mercado. Novos estudos são necessários para que tais questões possam ser elucidadas e para que os benefícios da soja na ND possam ser confirmados.


The specific role of dietary changes in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not yet been elucidated. The animal source protein replacement for soy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) may provide potential benefits for renal function. The aim of the present manuscript was to perform a critical review of evidence about the role of soy in DN. Six randomized clinical trials conducted in patients with DM were selected, and five of them showed improvement of at least one marker of renal function with the soy diet. However, the mechanisms by which these diets promote improvement in DN have not been elucidated. It is not yet known whether there are distinguishable renal benefits ensured by different soy-based products available on the market. Further studies are needed to clarify theses aspects and to confirm the benefits of soy in DN.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diet/methods , Diet/trends , Diet , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Soy Foods , Diabetes Mellitus , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/trends , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Soybean Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Soybean Proteins , Soybean Proteins/therapeutic use , Plant Proteins, Dietary
14.
IJKD-Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2009; 3 (2): 93-98
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-91252

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [HS-CRP] level changes at the beginning and after withdrawal of lovastatin therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Thirty male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in the study. Lovastatin, 20 mg/d, was administered for 90 days. Afterwards, Lovastatin was withdrawn for the next 30 days. Blood samples were obtained before the intervention, on the 90th day, and days 1, 7, and 30 after withdrawal of Lovastatin. Serum level of HS-CRP was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alterations in lipid profile was assessed, as well, and compared with that of HS-CRP. Serum level of HS-CRP was significantly reduced after 90 days of lovastatin therapy [P < .001]. Then, the HS-CRP reached the pretreatment baseline level on the 7th day after lovastatin withdrawal and maintained until the 30th day [P < .001]. Serum HS-CRP changes showed no significant association with lipid profile except for serum total cholesterol level [r = 0.9, P = .006] after 3 months of lovastatin therapy. Their association was re-evaluated after 7 days and 1 month of treatment withdrawal and no significant correlations were found. Our findings suggest that lovastatin decreases serum CRP level in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and 7 days after lovastatin cessation, CRP level increases again


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Lovastatin , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cholesterol , Inflammation , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(3): 279-286, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484896

ABSTRACT

Background: Despite a better management of the variables that influence the development of diabetic nephropathy there is a progressive increase in the prevalence of terminal renal failure among diabetics, whose cause is not clear. Aim: To study in a group of patients in hemodialysis, the quality of diabetes control previous to the entry to dialysis, their physical condition and their evolution. Material and methods: Diabetic patients with at least three months of hemodialysis answered a questionnaire about diabetes control quality previous to dialysis and had physical and laboratory assessment. They were followed for at least four years thereafter. Results: Fifty seven patients aged 62±11 years were studied. Eighty four percent had some degree of disability. Eighty seven percent had high blood pressure and 73 percent had to enter dialysis as an emergency. Mean glycosilated hemoglobin was 7.7 percent and 58 percent had a dialysis dose with a Kt/Vofless than 1.2. Fifty eight percent died during follow up. No relationship between mortality and age, blood pressure, glycosilated hemoglobin of Kt/V, was observed. Conclusions: There is an inadequate management of blood glucose and blood pressure of diabetic patients before entry to dialysis. They are referred ¡ate to the nephrologist, the dialysis dose is insufficient and they have a high mortality.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis , Chile/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , /complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/blood , Diabetic Nephropathies/mortality , Disease Progression , Follow-Up Studies , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Renal Dialysis/mortality , Treatment Outcome
16.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 34(1): 91-96, Jan.-Feb. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482947

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of repeated extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) on the apoptosis of renal parenchyma in normal and diabetic rats by the caspase-3 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 80 rats were assigned for ESW (Direx Tripter X1® - 14 KVA) to one of three groups with 50 percent rats with diabetes (A) and 50 percent normal (B) in each: G1 (n = 40): no ESW; G2 (n = 20): one ESW; G3 (n = 20): two ESWin an interval of 14 days. The animals were sacrificed 3 days after the ESW and samples of the renal parenchyma were histologically prepared, stained by the caspase-3 cleavage immunohistochemical method, and the apoptotic index (ApIn) was calculated by computer program Image Pro-Plus V 4,5,1 Media Cybernetics® ( ApIn = number of apoptotic cells in the microscopic section / total cells in the microscopic section). RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in ApIn of normal rats with one ESW (8.4 + 0.2) or two ESW (9.1 + 0.3) and both were similar to the control group with no ESW (7.9 + 0.2). The ApIn of diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 + 0.3) was similar to the normal rats with one or two ESW. On the other hand, the ApIn was statistically higher in diabetic rats with two ESW (11.9 + 0.4) than in diabetic rats with one ESW (7.4 + 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The ApIn of normal rats with a single (2,000 SW) or repeated ESW (4,000 SW) was similar to the control animals without any ESW. In diabetic rats, the repeated ESW (4,000 SW) may result in an additional risk of tissue damage expressed by the higher ApIn.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Apoptosis/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , High-Energy Shock Waves/adverse effects , Kidney Calculi/therapy , Kidney/injuries , Lithotripsy/adverse effects , /metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Enzyme Activation , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
17.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(2): 244-256, mar. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-449578

ABSTRACT

Pacientes em diferentes estágios de nefropatia diabética (ND) apresentam freqüentemente comprometimento cardíaco expresso por isquemia miocárdica e/ou cardiomiopatia diabética. Estas alterações já estão presentes em estágios iniciais da ND e provavelmente mesmo antes de a excreção urinária de albumina (EUA) atingir níveis tradicionalmente diagnósticos de microalbuminúria. As alterações cardíacas são responsáveis por uma proporção significativa de mortes nos pacientes com ND e podem ser reduzidas através de intervenção nos múltiplos fatores de risco cardiovascular encontrados nesses pacientes. A avaliação de doença cardíaca deve idealmente ser realizada em todos os pacientes com qualquer grau de ND através de métodos específicos para detectar isquemia e disfunção miocárdica, além do emprego rotineiro da monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial em 24 h. Em pacientes com aterosclerose avançada também devem ser avaliadas outras artérias (carótidas, aorta, renais). O tratamento rigoroso da hipertensão arterial, o uso de fármacos cardioprotetores, o tratamento da dislipidemia e da anemia, assim como o emprego de medicamentos anti-plaquetários, poderão reduzir a elevada mortalidade cardiovascular na ND.


Patients in different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) frequently present cardiac disease expressed by myocardial ischemia and/or diabetic cardiomyopathy. These changes are already present at early stages of DN, probably even before urinary albumin excretion (UAE) reaches the traditionally diagnostic levels of microalbuminuria. The cardiac changes are responsible for a significant proportion of the increased death rates in patients with DN and can be reduced through multiple intervention on the several risk factors present in these patients. Cardiac disease assessment should ideally be performed in every patient, irrespective of renal status, through specific methods to detect ischemia and myocardial dysfunction, besides routinely performing 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. In patients with advanced atherosclerosis, other arteries (aorta, carotid, renal) should be evaluated as well. Intensive treatment of arterial hypertension, and use of cardioprotective drugs, correction of the associated dyslipidemia and anemia, and use of antiplatelet agents can reduce the elevated cardiovascular mortality in patients with DN.


Subject(s)
Humans , Albuminuria/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Albuminuria/diagnosis , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , /urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Risk Factors
19.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 32(5): 560-562, Sept.-Oct. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-439388

ABSTRACT

The incidence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in patients submitted to hemodialysis is low. The presence of TCC with sarcomatoid features in this cohort is even scarcer. Herein, we describe a very rare case of synchronous multicentric muscle invasive bladder carcinoma with prostate invasion in a hemodialysis patient, submitted to complete en bloc urinary exenteration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Lymph Node Excision , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Pelvic Exenteration , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Renal Dialysis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
20.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 15(4): 234-241, out.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574365

ABSTRACT

A nefropatia diabética é uma complicação comum em pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Sua evolução para insuficiência renal crônica implica aumento na mortalidade, aumento dos gastos com o tratamento e queda na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Esses aspectos justificam a busca de um melhor entendimento dos fatores associados ao aparecimento e à evolução desta complicação. Faz-se, através deste artigo, uma revisão sobre a abordagem da nefropatia diabética em pediatria. Além disso, serão abordadas questões como fatores de risco e diagnóstico laboratorial dessa patologia.


Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication found in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. The progression of diabetic nephropathy to chronic renal failure results in an increased mortality and a worse quality of life, demanding more expensive and sophisticated treatment approaches. Those features indicate that a better understanding of the causing factors and a thorough elucidation of the evolutional mechanisms of this disease are needed. A survey on the management of pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy is made. Other issues discussed are: risk factors, diagnostic tools and prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Risk Factors , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Albuminuria , Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Proteinuria
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