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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(2): 153-160, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893913

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB and XDR-TB, respectively) continue to represent a challenge for clinicians and public health authorities. Unfortunately, although there have been encouraging reports of higher success rates, the overall rate of favorable outcomes of M/XDR-TB treatment is only 54%, or much lower when the spectrum of drug resistance is beyond that of XDR-TB. Treating M/XDR-TB continues to be a difficult task, because of the high incidence of adverse events, the long duration of treatment, the high cost of the regimens used, and the drain on health care resources. Various trials and studies have recently been undertaken (some already published and others ongoing), all aimed at improving outcomes of M/XDR-TB treatment by changing the overall approach, shortening treatment duration, and developing a universal regimen. The objective of this review was to summarize what has been achieved to date, as far as new and repurposed drugs are concerned, with a special focus on delamanid, bedaquiline, pretomanid, clofazimine, carbapenems, and linezolid. After more than 40 years of neglect, greater attention has recently been paid to the need for new drugs to fight the "white plague", and promising results are being reported.


RESUMO A tuberculose multirresistente (TB-MDR, do inglês multidrug-resistant) e a extensivamente resistente (TB-XDR, do inglês extensively drug-resistant) continuam representando um desafio para os clínicos e as autoridades de saúde pública. Infelizmente, embora haja relatos encorajadores de taxas de sucesso maiores, a taxa global de desfechos favoráveis do tratamento da TB-MDR/XDR é de apenas 54%, ou muito menor quando o espectro de resistência aos fármacos vai além do da TB-XDR. O tratamento da TB-MDR/XDR continua sendo uma tarefa difícil, em razão da alta incidência de eventos adversos, do longo tempo de tratamento, do alto culto dos esquemas utilizados e da drenagem dos recursos de saúde. Diversos ensaios e estudos foram realizados recentemente (alguns já publicados e outros em andamento), todos visando a melhorar os desfechos do tratamento da TB-MDR/XDR por meio da alteração da abordagem geral, redução do tempo de tratamento e desenvolvimento de um esquema universal. O objetivo desta revisão foi resumir o que se conseguiu até o momento, no que se refere a novos fármacos e fármacos repropostos, dando foco especial para delamanid, bedaquilina, pretomanida, clofazimina, carbapenêmicos e linezolida. Após mais de 40 anos de negligência, recentemente foi dada mais atenção á necessidade de novos fármacos para se combater a "praga branca", e resultados promissores estão sendo relatados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Drug Repositioning , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Oxazoles/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Diarylquinolines/therapeutic use , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use , Antitubercular Agents/classification
2.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(2): 137-141, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899668

ABSTRACT

Resumen El tratamiento de las tuberculosis multidrogorresistentes (TBC-MDR) se basa en esquemas de fármacos con diseños muy variables, en pacientes con patrones de resistencia heterogéneos y seguimientos no estandarizados, lo que hace dificil plantear recomendaciones con fuerte nivel de evidencia. Además, sólo una minoría de estos enfermos recibe tratamiento a nivel mundial y con los actuales esquemas menos del 50% de los que logran ser tratados curan. Afortunadamente, durante los últimos años han aparecido nuevos medicamentos, (bedaquilina, delamanid y pretomanid), que están demostrando ser de real utilidad para estos pacientes en ensayos con mejor diseño y seguimiento, donde se puede establecer con mayor precisión la eficacia, toxicidad y grado de recaídas. Además, algunos fármacos ya conocidos, (fluoroquinolonas, linezolid, clofazimina) están siendo introducidos dentro de los nuevos esquemas de tratamiento.


Abstract Therapy of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is based on trials with drugs with highly variable patterns of resistance and non-standardized follow-ups that make it difficult to provide recommendations with strong levels of evidence. Also, the vast majority of MDR-TB patients fail to receive therapy and those who receive it, only achieve around 50% of good results. Fortunately new drugs have emerged (bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid) that are being useful for these patients with better designed trials and monitoring, in which the efficacy, toxicity and degree of relapses can be evaluated more accurately. Some drugs already known (fluorquinolones, linezolid and clofazimine) are also being introduced in new schemes of therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Oxazoles/therapeutic use , Clofazimine/therapeutic use , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use , Diarylquinolines/therapeutic use , Linezolid/therapeutic use , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use
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