ABSTRACT
Magnesium sulphate (MS) and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate (DSS) are laxative drugs frequently used for the treatment of impactions. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of MS and DSS in fecal hydration, output and systemic hydration in healthy horses. Five healthy horses received 3 treatments with a 21-day interval. Treatment 1 was performed with administration of 4 liters of warm water; treatment 2: administration of 4 liters of warm water associated with 1g/kg of MS; and treatment 3: administration of 4 liters of warm water associated with 20mg/kg DSS. General and specific physical examination of the digestive system were performed, alongside with packed cell volume and total plasma protein measurement, abdominal ultrasonography and quantification of the amount and hydration of feces, before and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the treatments. No adverse effects were observed. The administration of laxatives promoted greater fecal output and hydration without resulting in systemic dehydration, yet no differences were observed between treatments. The absence of adverse effects of DSS demonstrates the safety of its use as a laxative drug at a dose of 20mg/kg. Studies comparing the effects of the laxative drugs in horses with large colon impaction are needed.(AU)
O sulfato de magnésio (SM) e o dioctil-sulfossuccinato de sódio (DSS) são drogas laxativas frequentemente utilizadas no tratamento da compactação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do SM e do DSS na hidratação e eliminação fecal, e na hidratação sistêmica de cavalos saudáveis. Cinco cavalos receberam três tratamentos, com intervalo de 21 dias. O tratamento 1 consistiu na administração de quatro litros de água morna; o tratamento 2: administração de quatro litros de água morna associada a 1g/kg de SM; e o tratamento 3: administração de quatro litros de água morna associada a 20mg/kg de DSS. Foram realizados exames físicos gerais e específicos do trato digestivo, hematócrito e proteína plasmática total, ultrassonografia abdominal e mensuração da quantidade e hidratação das fezes antes e após seis, 12, 24, 36 e 48 horas dos tratamentos. Não foram observados efeitos adversos. A administração de ambos os laxantes promoveu maior produção fecal e hidratação, sem resultar em desidratação sistêmica, entretanto não houve diferença entre os tratamentos. A ausência de efeitos adversos do DSS demonstra a segurança de seu uso como medicamento laxante na dose de 20mg/kg. São necessários estudos que comparem o efeito dos laxantes em equinos portadores de compactação de cólon.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Colon/pathology , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid/therapeutic use , Laxatives/administration & dosage , Fecal Impaction/therapy , Horses , Magnesium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Fecal Impaction/veterinary , Fluid Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To develop a new tool for aspiration risk prediction based on pharyngeal width at rest in older adults with symptoms of aspiration. METHODS: Lateral cervical spine roentgenograms were obtained from 33 older adult patients who complained of dysphagia and from 33 healthy, age-matched controls. Pharyngeal width at rest was measured at two points. We named the average of these two pharyngeal widths ‘JOSCYL Width’, calculated ‘JOSCYL Scale’, and compared these parameters between dysphagia and control groups. Correlations of individual JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale, with Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) scores were analyzed for the dysphagia group. To determine optimal cutoff points for predicting aspiration, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale. RESULTS: Both JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale of the dysphagia group were larger than those of the control group (p<0.001). The correlation between JOSCYL Width and severity of dysphagia was significant for the dysphagia group (PAS p=0.007; DOSS p=0.012). The correlation between JOSCYL Scale and the severity of dysphagia was also significant for the dysphagia group (PAS p=0.009; DOSS p=0.011). Optimal cutoffs for JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale for predicting aspiration were 20.0 mm and 5.9, respectively. CONCLUSION: JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale can be new indicators for predicting aspiration in older adults. They are both precise and easy to use.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Deglutition Disorders , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Pharynx , ROC Curve , SpineABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) according to the stimulation site in subacute stroke patients with dysphagia. METHODS: This study was designed as a matched comparative study. Twenty-four patients who had dysphagia after ischemic stroke were recruited, and they were divided into two groups after matching for age and stroke lesion. The patients in group A received rTMS over the brain cortex where motor evoked potential (MEP) was obtained from the suprahyoid muscle. Group B received rTMS over the brain cortex where MEP was obtained from the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. rTMS was performed at 110% of MEP threshold, 10 Hz frequency for 10 seconds, and then repeated every minute for 10 minutes. Dysphagia status was measured by the Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS), the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) using the results of a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. These evaluations were measured before, immediately, and 4 weeks after rTMS. RESULTS: Group A showed significant improvement compared to group B in the DOSS score immediately and 4 weeks after rTMS. There were no significant differences in the changes of FDS and PAS scores between groups A and B immediately and 4 weeks after rTMS. CONCLUSION: rTMS over a hot spot for the suprahyoid muscle caused more improvement in swallowing function when compared to that over the interconnected site.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Evoked Potentials, Motor , Stroke , Transcranial Magnetic StimulationABSTRACT
This study is to prepare the W/O microemulsion containing NaCl and fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug to investigate the transdermal characteristics and skin irritation of the microemulsion in vitro. Isopropylmyristate (IPM) acting as oil phase, Aerosol-OT (AOT) as surfactant, Tween 85 as cosurfactant, NaCl solution was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare W/O microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring, and then 5-Fu powder was added. According to the area of microemulsion based on the pseudo-tertiary phase diagrams, the optimum formulation was screened initially. And the permeation flux of fluorouracil across excised mice skin was determined in vitro using Franz diffusion cells to study the influence of the amount of water and the drug loading capacity and optimize the formulation further. Refer to 5-Fu cream, the irritation of microemulsion on the rat skin was studied. The optimum formulation was composed of 0.7% (w/v) 5-Fu, 50% NaCl solution (0.05 mol x L(-1)), 20% mix-surfactant (AOT/Tween 85, K(m) = 2) and 29.3% oil (IPM). The cumulative amount of fluorouracil permeated in 12 h was (2 013.4 +/- 41.6) microg x cm(-2), 20.23 folds and 10.38 folds more than 0.7% fluorouracil aqueous solution and 2.5% (w/w) fluorouracil cream, respectively. Microemulsion exhibited some irritation, but could be reversed after drug withdrawal. The addition of NaCl significantly increased the content of water and the drug loading in microemulsion systems. The NaCl/AOT-Tween 85/IPM microemulsion system promoted the permeation of fluorouracil greatly, which may be a promising vehicle for the transdermal delivery of fluorouracil and other hydrophilic drug.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Administration, Cutaneous , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacokinetics , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Chemistry , Drug Carriers , Drug Delivery Systems , Emulsions , Exanthema , Fluorouracil , Pharmacokinetics , In Vitro Techniques , Myristates , Chemistry , Oils , Chemistry , Polysorbates , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Skin Absorption , Sodium Chloride , Chemistry , Surface-Active Agents , Chemistry , WaterABSTRACT
This study is to prepare the microemulsion-based gel based on the W/O microemulsion and fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug to study the transdermal characterization and observe its skin irritation of the microemulsion-based gel in vitro. IPM acted as oil phase, AOT as surfactant, Tween 85 as cosurfactant, water was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare W/O microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring, then 5-Fu powder was added. The gelatin was used as substrate to prepare 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel. The permeation flux of 5-Fu from 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel across excised mice skin was determined in vitro using Franz diffusion cell to study the influence of the amount of gelatin and the drug loading capacity. Refer to 5-Fu cream, the irritation of microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel on the rat skin was studied. Based on the water/AOT/Tween 85/IPM microemulsion, only the gelatin can form the microemulsion-based gel. At 25 degrees C, 32 degrees C and 40 degrees C, the amount of gelatin required for the formation of microemulsion-based gel were 7%, 14% and more than 17%, respectively. The 12 h transdermal cumulated permeation amount of 5-Fu from microemulsion-based gel containing 14% gelatin and 0.5% drug loading were (876.5 +/- 29.1) microg x cm(-2), 12.3 folds and 4.5 folds more than 0.5% 5-Fu aqueous solution and 2.5% (w/w) 5-Fu cream, respectively. Microemulsion-based gel exhibited some irritation, but could be subsided after drug withdrawal. Microemulsion-based gel may be a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of 5-Fu and other hydrophilic drug.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Administration, Cutaneous , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic , Pharmacokinetics , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Drug Carriers , Drug Delivery Systems , Emulsions , Exanthema , Fluorouracil , Pharmacokinetics , Gelatin , Chemistry , Myristates , Chemistry , Polysorbates , Chemistry , Skin , Pathology , Skin Absorption , Succinates , Chemistry , Surface-Active Agents , ViscosityABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: A Cross-sectional study OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the degree of osteoporosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) and compared bone mineral density. LITERATURE REVIEW: In osteoporosis, bone mineral density was not as dense even in the outer layer, and the cortex was thinner than normal. A larger screw doss not enhance the screw stability and can break the thin cortex in osteoporotic vertebrae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study reviewed the cases of consecutive patients with scoliosis, who underwent an osteoporosis examination before surgery between August 2004 and June 2006. The osteoporosis examination included DEXA in lumbar vertebrae and proximal femur. The mean osteoporotic degree of both femurs was recorded. The data was analyzed using the BMD(bone mineral density, g/cm(2)) and Z value of the BMD according to age, gender, and ethnicity. RESULTS: The mean degree of the coronal deformity was 48.4 in AIS and 62.9 in NMS. A comparison of both groups revealed a significantly lower BMD and Z value of Femur, and BMD of the vertebra in the NMS patients (p<0.05). A comparison between AIS and non-ambulant NMS showed that all parameters were significantly lower in the non-ambulant NMS (p<0.05). Neither the BMD and Z value of the AIS nor the NMS were associated with the severity of the spinal deformity. CONCLUSION: A lower BMD was measured in patients with non ambulant NMS than AIS. The degree of the osteoporosis, particularly of the non ambulant NMS patients need to be considered before undergoing surgery.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Bone Density , Congenital Abnormalities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Femur , Lumbar Vertebrae , Osteoporosis , Scoliosis , SpineABSTRACT
O presente estudo comparou dois medicamentos, consagrados no mercado, utilizados no tratamento da constipação intestinal. São eles: docusato sódico + bisacodil (Humectol D) e bisacodil (Dulcolax). O número de pacientes avaliados foi de 91. A demografia da população do estudo foi dominantemente homogênea para os dois grupos de medicamentos, apesar de alguns dados, como idade e sexo, apresentarem uma distribuição distinta. Os resultados referentes à tolerabilidade foram de bons a excelentes em ambos os grupos de tratamento. Com relação à eficácia dos medicamentos, o docusato sódico + bisacodil (Humectol D) e o bisacodil (Dulcolax) demonstraram-se equivalentes no tratamento de constipações intestinais. Diante dos resultados obtidos nesse estudo clínico ficaram demonstradas a excelente eficácia e tolerabilidade do docusato sódico + bisacodil (Humectol D).
Subject(s)
Humans , Bisacodyl , Constipation , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic AcidABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three forms of cleansing enema for rigid proctosigmoidoscopy. One hundred fifty five patients referred for proctosigmoidoscopy to the Department of Surgery at the FEU-NRMF Medical Center were randomly assigned by simple random sampling into three groups to receive three forms of cleansing enema: monobasic sodium phosphate dibasic sodium phosphate (Fleet Enema ) for Group 1 (n=42), sorbitol and dioctyl sulfosuccinate ( Clyss Go) for Group 2 (n=38) and soap sud enema (SS Enema) for Group 3 (n=45). Quality of bowel preparation was graded as good, fair or poor. The cleansing enema was administered one hour prior to the procedure. It was readministered in case the patient did not have bowel movements. Another dose of the designated enema was given if the bowel preparation was poor. The reinfusion rate for the SS enema group was only 17 percent, significantly lower than the 45 percent of the Fleet Enema group (p=0.01), but not statistically different from the 39 percent of the Clyss Go group (p=0.05). The cost-effective analysis using direct costs showed SS enema was more cost- effective than Fleet Enema or Clyss Go enema. The SS enema was a good alternative for cleansing the bowel prior to rigid proctosigmoidoscopy. It had a low reinfusion rate and was more cost-effective than Fleet enema or Clyss Go. (Author)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sigmoidoscopy , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Soaps , Sorbitol , Enema , Phosphates , Defecation , IntestinesSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Constipation/drug therapy , Anthraquinones/administration & dosage , Cisapride/administration & dosage , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid/administration & dosage , Magnesium Hydroxide/administration & dosage , Lactulose/administration & dosage , Petrolatum/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Antecedentes. Aunque la ingestión de solución de polietilenglicol se convirtió en la preparación convencional del colon desde 1980, actualmente se siguen buscando nuevos métodos rápidos, cómodos, seguros y de bajo costo de preparación del colon. Objetivo. Comparar la eficacia y tolerancia en la preparación del colon para estudio colonoscópico, de un enema abstergente (SD) contra la preparació convencional usada en una unidad de endoscopía. Método. El grupo problema (A) se preparó con dieta líquida un día, laxante oral y aplicación de un SD, seguido de otro SD previo al estudio endoscópico; el grupo control (B) preparó con dieta líquida tres días, laxante oral y un enema de agua (eA), seguido de otro eA el día del estudio. Se comparó la tolerancia del paciente a cada tipo de preparación en una escala de buena, regular o mala. Se evaluó la eficacia en la limpieza obtenida en el colon en una escala de buena, regular mala considerando tres segmentos del colon. Resultados. Se estudiaron 44 pacientes, 19 hombres y 25 mujeres; cada grupo de preparación se conformó de 22 pacientes. En el grupo A: la tolerancia a la preparación fue buena en 14 casos (63.6 por ciento), regular en siete (31.8 por ciento) y mala en uno (4.5 por ciento); asimismo, la limpieza obtenida hasta la región cecal fue buena en nueve casos (40.9 por ciento) y regular en 13 (59 por ciento). En el grupo B: la tolerancia fue buena en cinco casos (22.7 por ciento), regular en 12 (54.5 por ciento) y mala en cinco (22.7 por ciento); la limpieza obtenida en este grupo hasta la región cecal fue buena en dos casos (9 por ciento), regular en 19 (86.3 por ciento) y mala en uno (4.5 por ciento). Conclusiones. La preparación de enema SD resultó mejor tolerada y más eficaz para lograr una limpieza más satisfactoria del colon que la preparación convencional empleada
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cathartics/administration & dosage , Colonoscopy , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid/administration & dosage , Enema , Prospective Studies , Sorbitol/administration & dosageABSTRACT
The kinetics of enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of penicillin G and stability of the enzyme alpha-penicillinase, entrapped in aerosol OT reverse micellar droplets have been investigated spectrophotometrically. Various physical parameters, such as, water pool size (related to Wo), pH and temperature, were optimized for maximum activity of penicillinase in water/aerosol OT/isooctane reverse micelles. The enzyme showed maximum activity of Wo - 14 and pH, 7.0. At any temperature the enzyme was to be more active in reverse micelles than in aqueous solution. At optimum conditions of Wo, pH and temperature the enzyme was 100% more active in reverse micelles than its maximum activity in aqueous solution. In both the systems, the activity starts falling at and above 25 degrees C. CD Spectral studies showed that the enzyme in reverse micelles possesses more helical structure than it has in aqueous solution and at the optimum conditions in which it showed maximum activity, the alpha-helicity was also maximum. The enzyme was very stable in reverse micelles at and above room temperature compared to the same in aqueous solution.
Subject(s)
Bacillus cereus/enzymology , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Enzyme Stability , Kinetics , Micelles , Penicillinase/metabolismABSTRACT
Microemulsification of vegetable oils (ricebran, saffola, soyabean, sesame, palm and linseed) with water using aerosol-OT and cinnamic alcohol as mixed amphiphiles was studied. The biological microemulsions formed covered on the average approximately 27% of single phase area in the triangular phase diagram. The multiphasic zone for saffola was studied in detail, two- and three-phase zones were identified with patches of thick gel. The effect of temperature on the multiphase formation in the range 29-55 degrees C was also studied. The formation of multiphase and their proportions found to depend on the type of oil. The biological microemulsions at reasonable water/AOT mole ratio showed moderate increase in conductance with temperature. The viscosity of the microemulsions was high. Of the studied systems (sesame, saffola and ricebran) the viscosity of the first two decreased with the rate of shear whereas that of ricebran increased. When cinnamic alcohol was used as the oil, the trend of viscosity was similar to that of sesame and saffola.
Subject(s)
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Emulsions , Kinetics , Plant Oils/chemistry , Propanols , Surface-Active Agents , Thermodynamics , Viscosity , WaterABSTRACT
El objetivo de la preparación del intestino grueso para el gastroenterólogo es la adecuada limpieza del mismo. Existen múltiples formas de realizarla, algunas de ellas con inconvenientes o molestias para el paciente o daño al instrumento. Evaluamos un enema rectal con la asociación del Sorbitol con el Dioctilsulfosuccinato Sódico (DSS). El primero es un principio activo comprovado por su efecto laxante y el DSS es conocido como sustancia surfactante, que disminuye la tensión superficial permitiendo la hidratación del bolo fecal. En este estudio se intentó comprobar la efectividad e inocuidad del Sorbitol unido al DSS, en forma de enema, comparándolo con sus principios activos por separado. Se estudiaron sesenta (60) pacientes del Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital Vargas en 1998, mediante un diseño doble ciego al azar; el grupo de estudio se conformó por tres (3) subgrupos de veinte (20) pacientes cada uno a quienes se les aplicó uno de los tres (3) tipos de enema: DSS, Sorbitol o la asociación. A cada paciente se le practicó una sigmoidoscopia flexible. Se apreció que tanto la asociación como el Sorbitol, en el grupo general y en los subgrupos conformados por la variable evacuación previa o sin ella; tienen un excelente comportamiento en cuanto a limpieza y localización requiriéndose en la mayoría un sólo enema. El DSS unido al Sorbitol, aumentó la efectividad del segundo como laxante, debido a la espuma producida por el DSS. Se apreció diferencia numérica de aproximádamente 15 cms a favor de la asociación en cuanto a nivel alcanzado lo cual es muy importante en el despistaje de lesiones tumorales, las cuales se localizan en el 75 por ciento de los casos entre el ángulo esplénico y el recto
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colon , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid/administration & dosage , Enema , Intestine, Large , Proctocolitis , Sorbitol/therapeutic use , Pharmacy , Pharmaceutical Preparations , VenezuelaABSTRACT
The results of formation, phase behaviour and physical properties of biological microemulsions prepared from saffola/AOT/hexylamine/water in presence of different additives, viz. cholesterol, crown ether, urea and brine, are presented. It has been found that the additives and temperature have striking effects; mono-, bi- and triphasic solutions interchanging proportions among themselves. The conduction of microemulsion at different [Water/AOT] ratios (w = 9,10,14,18,20,39 and 45) has shown conspicuous dependence on temperature with a significant degree of percolation, whereas the dependence of viscosity on temperature has shown normal declining trend with temperature. A maximum in viscosity with respect to its variation with amount of water has been observed. The Walden product (lambda eta) has evidenced noncompensation of ion transport by conduction with the viscosity of the medium. The activation energies evaluated for conduction (delta E*cond) and viscosity (delta E*vis) are systematic except at [Water/AOT] ratio, w = 20. The additives cholesterol, crown ether and their mixture have shown a decreasing effect on the delta E*cond for percolation, whereas delta E*vis has increased in their presence. The bicontinuous microemulsion has the prospect for use as liquid membrane.
Subject(s)
Aerosols , Amines , Calorimetry , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Emulsions/chemistry , Kinetics , Models, Biological , Safflower Oil , Surface-Active Agents , WaterABSTRACT
This study, involving thirty-two patients with carcinoma of uterine cervix treated by high dose rate intracavitary irradiation using a remotely controlled afterloading system, compares the doss at point A and B with the Curie-minutes prescription. A linear least-square regression analysis was used to compare the two sets of date. Correlation coefficients between doses at points A and B arid the Ci-min prescription are 0.92(p<0.001) and 0.90 (p<0.001), respectively, and linear relationship is observed between these two system. The limitation and significance of the comparison of the two approaches to intracavitary dosimetry is discussed.