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1.
Chinese journal of integrative medicine ; (12): 1007-1017, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010281

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of effects of total saponin fraction from Dioscorea Nipponica Makino (TSDN) on M1/M2 polarization of monocytes/macrophages and arachidonic acid (AA) pathway in rats with gouty arthritis (GA).@*METHODS@#Seventy-two Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 in each): normal, model, TSDN at 160 mg/kg, and celecoxib at 43.3 mg/kg. Monosodium urate crystal (MSU) was injected into the rats' ankle joints to induce an experimental GA model. Blood and tissue samples were collected on the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration. Histopathological changes in the synovium of joints were observed via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of arachidonic acid (AA) signaling pathway were assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in the peripheral blood. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect interleukine (IL)-1 β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-10, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4).@*RESULTS@#HE staining showed that TSDN improved the synovial tissue. qPCR and Western blot showed that on the 3rd, 5th and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 derived eicosanoids (mPGES-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), recombinant human mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NALP3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rats' ankle synovial tissues (P<0.01). TSDN decreased COX1 mRNA and protein expression on 3rd and 5th day of drug administration and raised it on the 8th day (both P<0.01). It lowered CD68 protein expression on days 3 (P<0.01), as well as mRNA and protein expression on days 5 and 8 (P<0.01). On the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN elevated the mRNA and protein expression of Arg1 and CD163 (P<0.01). Flow cytometry results showed that TSDN decreased the percentage of M1 macrophages while increasing the percentage of M2 in peripheral blood (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ELISA results showed that on the 3rd, 5th, and 8th days of drug administration, TSDN decreased serum levels of IL-1 β, TNF-α, and LTB4 (P<0.01), as well as PGE2 levels on days 3rd and 8th days (P<0.05 or P<0.01); on day 8 of administration, TSDN increased IL-4 serum levels and enhanced IL-10 contents on days 5 and 8 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The anti-inflammatory effect of TSDN on rats with GA may be achieved by influencing M1/M2 polarization through AA signaling pathway.


Subject(s)
Rats , Humans , Animals , Arthritis, Gouty/drug therapy , Monocytes/pathology , Interleukin-10/metabolism , Arachidonic Acid/pharmacology , Dioscorea/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Saponins/therapeutic use , Interleukin-4/metabolism , Leukotriene B4/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Macrophages , Signal Transduction , RNA, Messenger/metabolism
2.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 13(2): 221-228, dic 1, 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645182

ABSTRACT

La propagación de material de ñame de buena calidad es esencial para incrementar la producción sostenible de este cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito optimizar el medio de cultivo de micropropagación de Dioscorea alata L. clon Caraqueño a través de los siguientes objetivos: determinar el efecto de diferentes antioxidantes (carbón activado 0,5 g/L-1 ; carbón activado 1,0 g/L-1; cisteína 10 mg/L-1, 20 mg/L-1 y 30 mg/L-1) y concentraciones de sales de Murashige y Skoog (MS) (25, 50, 75 y 100 %) en el medio de cultivo durante el establecimiento y la multiplicación de las plantas in vitro, y evaluar la utilización de distintas combinaciones de ácido naftalenacético (0,01; 0,1 mg/L-1) y bencilaminopurina (0,01; 0,1 mg/L-1) en el mejor medio de cultivo de multiplicación obtenido en el experimento anterior. A los 35 días se seleccionaron 40 plantas in vitro, a las cuales se les determinaron las siguientes variables: longitud en cm del vástago; número de nudos de novo por explantes; número de hojas por explante y porcentaje de fenolización. Se evaluó además, en el experimento con los reguladores de crecimiento, el número de raíces y longitud de la raíz de mayor tamaño. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio con análisis de varianza bifactorial y clasificación simple. Se realizó la prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey para un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las sales MS al 75% de su concentración, el carbón activado (0,5 g/L-1) o la cisteína (10 mg/L-1), en combinación con los reguladores de crecimiento ANA/BAP (0,01/0,01 mg/L-1) en el medio de cultivo MS, incrementaron los indicadores de desarrollo de las plantas in vitro tales como número de nudos de novo (3,5), longitud del vástago (4,1 cm), número de hojas (3,8), número de raíces (5,7) y longitud de las raíces (6 cm).


The material propagation of good quality yam is essential to increase the sustainable production of this cultivation. In the present work the optimization of culture medium of Dioscorea alata L. clone Caraqueño micropropagation was carried out through the following objectives: to determine the effect of different anti-oxydants (activated charcoal 0,5 g.L-1; activated charcoal 1,0 g.L-1; cysteine 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1 and 30 mg.L-1) and Murashige and Skoog salts concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) in the culture medium during the in vitro plants establishment and the multiplication, and to evaluate the use of different combinations of naftalenacetic acid (0,01; 0,1 mg.L-1) and benzylaminopurine (0,01; 0,1 mg.L-1) in the best multiplication medium obtained in the above experiment. At 35 days, 40 in vitro plants were selected. The following variables were determined in these plants: shoot length, cm; leaf and bud explant number; and oxydation phenolic percentage. In the experiment of plant growth regulators was also evaluated, the roots number and greater size root length. A totally randomized experimental design with one and two factor variance analysis and the Tukey test for means comparison at 5% significance level were applied. The obtained results showed that the salts MS at 75% concentration, the activated charcoal (0,5 g. L-1) or the cysteine (10 mg. L-1), in combination with the growth regulators ANA/BAP (0,01/0,01 mg.L-1) in the MS culture medium, increase the development of the in vitro plants, number of novo buds (3,5), shoot length (4,1 cm), number of leaves (3,8), number of roots (5,7) and greater size root length (6 cm).


Subject(s)
Dioscorea/immunology , Dioscorea/microbiology , Dioscorea/chemistry , Cysteine/economics , Cysteine/adverse effects , Cysteine/pharmacology
3.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 12(1): 47-56, jul. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-590644

ABSTRACT

Los microtubérculos en algunas especies de plantas constituyen una importante alternativa como material vegetal de plantación. Se definió como objetivo de trabajo evaluar en campo la respuesta morfoagronómica de las plantas obtenidas de los microtubérculos de ñame formados en Sistema de Inmersión Temporal (SIT). Como variantes experimentales se plantaron tres categorías de microtubérculos, clasificados según su masa fresca (I. de 0,5 a 0,9 g; II. de 1,0 a 2,9 g; III. igual o mayor de 3,0 g), plantas in vitro previamente aclimatadas y corona de tubérculo. Se evaluó el efecto de la masa fresca de los microtubérculos sobre su brote, supervivencia y posterior desarrollo de las plantas derivadas de ellos en campo. Con los microtubérculos de ñame, con una masa fresca igual o superior a 3,0 g, se alcanzó el más alto porcentaje de brotación (91,30%) y supervivencia de las plantas (96,50%), así como las mejores respuestas en los caracteres cuantitativos que se evaluaron en campo. Estos resultados confirmaron la importancia de la masa fresca de los microtubérculos para ser empleados como material vegetal de plantación directo en campo.


Microtubers in some plant species represent an important alternative crop-planting material. The presentwork involved field work for evaluating the morphoagronomic response of plants obtained from yam microtubersproduced in a temporary immersion system (TIS). Three categories of microtuber were planted asexperimental variants; they were classified by fresh mass (1 - 0.5 to 0.9 g, 2 - from 1.0 to 2.9 g and 3 - equal to or greater than 3.0 g), previously in vitro-acclimated plants and tuber crowns. The effect of microtuber freshweight on their sprouting, survival and later development of the plants derived from them in the field were evaluated. The highest sprouting (91.30%) and plant survival percentages (96.50%) and the best response in quantitative traits evaluated in the field were obtained with yam microtubers having a fresh mass equal to or greater than 3.0 g. These results confirmed the importance of microtubers’ fresh weight for using them as plant material in direct planting in the field.


Subject(s)
Dioscorea/embryology , Dioscorea/genetics , Dioscorea/metabolism , Dioscorea/chemistry , Plant Tubers/growth & development , Plant Tubers/metabolism , Plant Tubers/chemistry
4.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 11(2): 127-135, dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-550526

ABSTRACT

El cultivo in vitro, como técnica, consiste en cultivar asépticamente una porción aislada de la planta bajo condiciones de ambiente controlado, para que las células expresen su potencial intrínseco e inducido. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones y tiempos de inmersión en hipoclorito de sodio en el establecimiento in vitro de explantes primarios de ñame (Dioscorea alata L) clon caraqueño. Las variantes de desinfección consistieron en la utilización de diferentes concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (1,5; 2 y 2,5%) durante distintos tiempos de inmersión (10; 20 y 30 min). A los 7 días se evaluó el porcentaje de contaminación de bacterias y hongos respectivamente, y a los 40 días el número de nudos de novo, la longitud del vástago, el número de hojas, y el porcentaje de explantes establecidos y necrosados. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con análisis de varianza bifactorial y clasificación simple. Se realizó la prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey para un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que el tratamiento de desinfección de segmentos uninodales de ñame con hipoclorito de sodio al 1,5% durante un tiempo de inmersión 30 min es el de mayor efectividad para el establecimiento in vitro de explantes primarios del ñame (D alata L. clon caraqueño con altos porcentajes de supervivencia en condiciones ex vitro.


The in vitro culture technique consists of aseptically culturing an isolated plant portion in controlled environmental conditions for the cells to express their intrinsic and induced potential. This work was aimed at determining the effect of different sodium hypochlorite concentrations and immersion times on in vitro establishment of yam (Dioscorea alata L) “caraqueño” clone primary explants. Disinfection varied by using different sodium hypochlorite concentrations (1.5%, 2% and 2.5%) during different immersion times (10, 20 and 30 min). Bacterial and fungal contamination percentages were evaluated after 7 days and de novo bud number, shoot length, leaf number, explant establishment and necrosis percentages were determined after 40 days. A totally randomised experimental design was applied, having one- and two-factor variance analysis; the Tukey test was used for comparing means at 5% significance level. The results showed that the most appropriate disinfection treatment for uninodal yam (D alata L) segments used 1.5% sodium hypochlorite during 30 min immersion; this was most effective for the in vitro establishment of yam (D alata L) clone “caraqueño” primary explants, having high survival percentage in ex vitro conditions.


Subject(s)
Dioscorea/classification , Dioscorea/adverse effects , Dioscorea/microbiology , Dioscorea/chemistry
5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 35(4): 452-459, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-520626

ABSTRACT

The tubercles of Dioscorea alata which belongs to the Dioscoraceae family are rhizomes, which are cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; representing an energetic food source for these populations due to its high contents of starch. In order to increase and diversify its consumption, it was proposed to study the addition of extruded yam flour for the elaboration of a powder mixture for making vanilla-flavored instant drinks. Two formulations were made based on 20% and 40% of extruded yam flour; they were evaluated infunction to their chemical composition, physical characteristics (water activity, color, pH and viscosity) and sensorial properties. The results indicated that the addition of the extruded yam flour allowed to increase the protein and dietary fiber contents, with values of water activity, pH and viscosity similar to those of the commercial product that was taken as a reference. The sensorial evaluation resulted of good approval for the studied formulations. In conclusion, the formulation based upon 20% of extruded yam flour, allowed obtaining a product with chemical, physical and sensorial properties comparables to the commercial product; but with antioxidant properties ascribed to some polyphenols originated from the extruded yam flour.


Los tubérculos de Dioscorea alata de la familia Dioscoreaceae, son rizomas cultivados principalmente en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo, que representan una fuente de alimentación energética para estas poblaciones, dado el alto contenido de almidón. En busca de incrementar y diversificar su consumo, se planteó estudiar la incorporación de la harina extrudida de ñame para la elaboración de una mezcla en polvo para preparar bebidas instantáneas, saborizada con vainilla. Se realizaron dos formulaciones a base de 20% y 40% de harina extrudida de ñame, evaluadas en función a la composición química, características físicas (actividad de agua, color, pH y viscosidad) y propiedades sensoriales. Los resultados indicaron que la incorporación de la harina extrudida de ñame, permitió incrementar el contenido de proteína y fibra dietaria, con valores de actividad de agua, pH y viscosidad similares al producto comercial tomado como referencia. La evaluación sensorial resultó de buena aceptación para las formulaciones estudiadas. En conclusión, la formulación a base de un 20% de la harina extrudida de ñame, permitió obtener un producto con propiedades químicas, físicas y sensoriales comparables al comercial, pero con propiedades antioxidantes, atribuidas a algunos polifenoles provenientes de la harina extrudida de ñame.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Beverages/analysis , Dioscorea/chemistry , Food Handling , Flour/analysis , Consumer Behavior , Food Industry , Food, Formulated , Powders
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