ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This analysis compared the efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, both added on to metformin. Materials and methods: This was a post-hoc analysis from a double-blind, randomized, 24-week clinical trial (NCT01606007) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with metformin. We compared the dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 179) and saxagliptin 5 mg (n = 176) treatment arms. Results: Dapagliflozin showed significantly greater mean reductions versus saxagliptin in HbA1c (difference versus saxagliptin [95% CI]: −0.32% [-0.54, −0.10]; p < 0.005), fasting plasma glucose (-0.98 [-1.42, −0.54] mmol/L; p < 0.0001), body weight (-2.39 [-3.08, −1.71] kg; p < 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-3.89 [-6.15, −1.63] mmHg; p < 0.001). More dapagliflozintreated than saxagliptin-treated patients achieved the composite endpoint of HbA1c reduction ≥ 0.5%, weight loss ≥ 2 kg, SBP reduction ≥ 2 mmHg and no major/minor hypoglycemia (24% versus 7%). No major events of hypoglycemia were reported. More patients on dapagliflozin (6%) versus saxagliptin (0.6%) experienced genital infections. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin demonstrated greater glycemic efficacy than saxagliptin with additional benefits on weight and SBP, and the safety profile was consistent with previous studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Adamantane/analogs & derivatives , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glucosides/therapeutic use , Benzhydryl Compounds/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Adamantane/adverse effects , Adamantane/therapeutic use , Double-Blind Method , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Dipeptides/adverse effects , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/therapeutic use , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metformin/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/agonists , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Incretins/adverse effects , Review Literature as Topic , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality , Diabetic Angiopathies/chemically induced , Diabetic Angiopathies/mortality , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Incretins/therapeutic use , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Sulfonylurea Compounds/adverse effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/adverse effects , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/adverse effects , Metformin/therapeutic use , Glycated Hemoglobin/drug effects , Review Literature as Topic , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy , Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Healthy Lifestyle , Metformin/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Novos medicamentos para o tratamento do diabetes tipo 1 e tipo 2 foram incorporados à lista de fármacos tradicionais: antidiabéticos orais e insulinas injetáveis. Estas alternativas de tratamento têm novos mecanismos de ação que aproveitam as propriedades antidiabéticas de certos peptídeos como é o caso da amilina ou do peptídeo similar ao glucagon (GLP-1), cujos níveis são deficientes ou insuficientes no diabetes. Isto acontece pelos análogos da amilina ou do GLP-1, embora também possa ser obtido inibindo a enzima que degrada este último. Além disso, encontra-se disponível no mercado um novo sistema para administrar insulina de maneira não-invasiva por meio de inalação. Este artigo resume os resultados mais importantes e atualizados com relação ao mecanismo de ação, eficácia, efeitos adversos e indicações destes fármacos inovadores.
New medicines for the therapy of the type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been incorporated in the list of traditional drugs: oral agents and injectable insulin. These treatment alternatives have a new mechanism of action that takes advantage of the antidiabetic properties of certain peptides such as amylin and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), whose levels are wanting or insufficient in diabetes. This is attained through amylin and GLP-1 analogues, although it can also be achieved by inhibiting the enzyme that degrades the latter. Furthermore, a new system to administer insulin in a noninvasive way through inhalation has become available in the market. This paper summarizes the most important and updated findings on the action mechanism, efficacy, adverse effects and indications of these innovative drugs.