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2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(supl.1): 61-4, 1997.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-206752

ABSTRACT

Bisphosphonates, synthetic compounds containing two phosphonate groups bound to a central (geminal) carbon (P-C-P) and two additional chains (R1 and R2, respectively) bind strongly to calcium crystals, inhibit their growth and suppress osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The availability of two side chains allows numerous substitutions and the development of a variety of analogs with different pharmacological properties. The R1, structure together with the P-C-P are primarily responsible for binding to bone mineral and for the physicochemical actions of the bisphosphonates and a hydroxyl group at R1 provides optimal conditions for these actions. The R2 is believed to be responsible for the antiresorptive action of the bisphosphonates and small modifications or conformational restrictions of this part of the molecule may result in marked differences in antiresorptive potency. The presence of a nitrogen fucntion in an alkyl chain or in a ring structure in R2 greatly enhances the antiresorptive potency and specificity of bisphosphonates for bone resorption and most of the newer potent bisphosphonates contain a nitrogen in their structure. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the whole bisphosphonate molecule is essential for antiresorptive action. Thus, although the basic structural requirements for bisphosphonate actions have been defined, precise structure-activity relations have not been defined yet. These are essential for elucidating their molecular mechanism of action and for the rational design of compounds for various clinical indications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Resorption/drug therapy , Diphosphonates/chemistry , Diphosphonates/pharmacology , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Structure-Activity Relationship
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(supl.1): 76-82, 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-206754

ABSTRACT

Los bisfosfonatos son un grupo de agentes osteotrópicos que pueden interactuar con el metabolismo esquelético de distintas maneras, aunque sus características cinéticas son similares cuando se los administra en dosis proporcionales y se evalúan por métodos semejantes. Su administración por vía oral es efectiva, aunque presentan una baja absorción (biodisponibilidad: 0.33-5 por ciento). Se distribuyen rápidamente siendo captados por las proteÝnas del plasma, el esqueleto, y eliminados por vía renal en pocos minutos. La fracción retenida en hueso permanece por período muy prolongados aunque aparentemente en un compartimiento inactivo. El riesgo de liberación a una biofase activa estará relacionado con la potencia del compuesto. En las dosis clínicas no son retenidos por tejidos blandos justificando la ausencia de efectos colaterales extraesqueléticos. Los niveles en plasma tienen escasa relación con la actividad farmacológica por lo que los esquemas posológicos deben guiarse mas por el uso de marcadores bioquímicos de la enfermedad ósea que por las variables cinéticas corrientes. Unicamente la insuficiencia renal induce a modificar las dosis establecidas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Diphosphonates/pharmacokinetics , Absorption , Biological Availability , Diphosphonates , Diphosphonates/chemistry , Linear Models
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