ABSTRACT
Since October 2017, Yemen is experiencing a diphtheria outbreak in 19 out of 23 governorates. From epi week 33 [2017] to week 2 [2018], a total of 713 clinically diagnosed cases and 52 associated deaths were reported [CFR: 7.29%]. The most affected governorates are Ibb [46% of cases] and Al Hudeydah [12%]
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Diphtheria/mortality , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
A significant increase in suspected diphtheria cases has recently been reported in Yemen between epidemiological week no 33 and 44. A total number of 118 suspected cases including 10 deaths [CFR: 8.5%], were reported in 10 governorates of the country. Majority of these cases about 103 were reported from Ibb gover-norate, including 9 associated deaths [CFR: 8.7%]
Subject(s)
Humans , Diphtheria/mortality , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
Background: With advent of EPI and UIP, most of the vaccine preventable diseases have shown a decline; however, Diphtheria continues to remain an endemic disease and has also shown resurgence nationally as well as internationally. Aims and Objectives: To study Diphtheria morbidity and mortality trends. To note variation with respect to age, sex, immunization status, seasonal variation and outcome. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of hospital records over the period of 3 years from Jan/2008 to Dec/2010 obtained with permission of hospital superintendent Dr. Jhala from infectious disease hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Details of 247 cases regarding age, sex, immunization status were taken as per the hospital case records. Results: Of 247 cases, 114 were male (46%), 133 (54%) Females, 71 (29%) were under 5 Years, 103 (42%) were in 6 – 12 years and 35 (14%) were in 13- 20yrs, 38 patients (15%) were noted within 21-60yrs group, a total of 73 (29.5%) patients were observed in adult and adolescent group. Mortality was 0.47%. Incidence was more in months of September to March. In the present study, 85 (34.4%) were completely immunized, 31 (12.55%) were partially immunized and for 18 (7.3%) vaccination status was unknown. 113 (45.75%) were not immunized. Conclusion: Diphtheria continues to remain a major public health concern in spite of being a vaccine preventable disease, though common in pediatric age it is increasingly common in adoloscent and adults. High level of clinical suspicion needed to keep the mortality rates on lower side. A strict implementation of vaccination programmes with follow up booster dose is necessary which will increase the herd immunity, leading to decrease in diphtheria prevalence.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Diphtheria/epidemiology , Diphtheria/mortality , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Immunization/methods , Immunization/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Diphtheria is a fatal disease and may cause serious complications if not recognized early and treated properly. Objectives:To study the epidemiology, clinical features, complications, and outcomes in respiratory diphtheria. Materials and Methods:Diphtheria cases admitted in the infectious disease hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India between January 2009 to January 2011 were evaluated in respect to demographic profile, immunization status, clinical features, complications, and outcomes. Results: 200 diphtheria cases were studied. 150 (75%) patients had history of an adequate immunization, and 100 (50%) patients were from lower socio-economic groups. Common clinical features observed were throat pain in 148 (74%) cases and fever in 112 (56%) cases. Complications observed were myocarditis in 136 (68%) cases, neuropathy in 30 (15%) cases, and respiratory compromise in 14 (7%) cases. Death occurred in 5 (2.5%) patients. Conclusions:diphtheria is still a public health problem in many developing countries. Strict public health measures like an increased immunization coverage, improvement of socio-economic status, easy availability of anti-diphtheritic serum (ADS), early recognition and effective treatment-all may reduce the incidence and mortality.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Child , Diphtheria/diagnosis , Diphtheria/drug therapy , Diphtheria/epidemiology , Diphtheria/mortality , Diphtheria/therapy , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Tertiary Care Centers , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Over the last three weeks in Pakistan, 19 suspected cases of diphtheria, including 6 deaths were reported. Of these, 15 cases including 5 deaths were reported from seven districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [KPK] province while 5 cases including 1 death were reported from one district in Sindh province. The age of cases ranged between 10 months to 10 years, half of the cases were over 6 years. The reported cases did not have any history of vaccination against DPT. No case has yet been laboratoryconfirmed. Based on clinical diagnosis, appropriate public health measures like case management, contact tracing and prophylactic treatment of the close contacts have been initiated to contain the spread of the disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Diphtheria/mortality , Diphtheria/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Humans , Anthrax/mortality , Brucellosis/mortality , Whooping Cough/mortality , Cholera/mortality , Diphtheria/mortality , Chagas Disease/mortality , Morbidity , Mandatory Reporting , Chile , Echinococcosis/mortality , Paratyphoid Fever/mortality , Typhoid Fever/mortality , Gonorrhea/mortality , Hepatitis A/mortality , Hepatitis B/mortality , Hepatitis/mortality , Malaria/mortality , Parotitis/mortality , Rubella/mortality , Measles/mortality , Syphilis/mortality , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Trichinellosis/mortality , Tuberculosis/mortality , Tetanus/mortalitySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Diphtheria/epidemiology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/pathogenicity , Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/therapeutic use , Diphtheria/mortality , Diphtheria/pathology , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Estuda-se a evoluçäo da morbidade e da mortalidade por difteria, distribuídos por grupos de idade, na cidade do Recife, no período de 1973-82. Säo utilizados para análise, dados fornecidos pelas Diretorias de Informática e de Epidemiologia da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco/Fundaçäo de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros. A distribuiçäo etária apresentada é a existente na Instituiçäo: menores de 1 ano, 1 a 4 anos e 5 a 14 anos. Observa-se que a incidência näo apresenta maiores modificaçöes. Os valores da equaçäo da linha reta mostram o comportamento no período. Os dados referentes à cobertura vacinal evidenciam uma utilizaçäo inadequada deste recurso. A queda da mortalidade observada no período deve-se a uma reduçäo na letalidade verificada principalmente em crianças de 1 a 4 e 5 a 14 anos. Esta reduçäo pode traduzir uma melhor assistência ao doente
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Diphtheria/mortality , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Del estudio prospectivo clínico y epidemiológico con relación a la letalidad, en 118 niños con difteria atendidos de 1975 a 1981 en el hospital Belen de Trujillo, se obtuvo una incidencia de 9.5 por 1000 hospitalizados de 0-14 años. La mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino y en climas templados fueron poco significativos. Al ingreso, un tiempo de enfermedad mayor a dos días, edades menores a 6 años, procedencia sub-urbana, carencia de inmunización completa, formas clínicas faringo-amigdalares con compromiso laríngeo o no, toxemia evidente y cuello proconsular, significaron gravedad y riesgo. La seudomembrana estuvo presente en 94%, la fiebre en 86%, dolor de garganta, disfagia y adenopatía submaxilar en 60%, toxemia evidente en 55% y cuello proconsular en 35%, 80% del total de complicaciones fueron miocárdicas, 15.7% neurológicas y 4.3% trastornos hemorrágiperos, las primeras significaron gravedad y riesgo. La letalidad por difteria fue 12.7%