ABSTRACT
Topical application of 1-dodecanol was significantly more toxic against teneral first nymphs (1-3 h old) than post-teneral first nymphs (24 h old). The lethal dose ratios were 711,500 for Rhodnius prolixus and 3613 for Triatoma infestans. No significative difference between LD50 was found when 1-dodecanol was injected in recently hatched adult R. prolixus (1-4 h old) nor in older adults (24 h old). These values were similar to those calculated for deltamethrin (an effective triatomicide), showing that 1-dodecanol had no insecticidal properties when it was applied by injection. Topical application of high dose of 1-dodecanol (1 æg/i) on teneral first nymphs of R. prolixus, produced an interruption of the darkening process of the cuticle, and probably in the development of its physiological properties.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dodecanol/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Rhodnius/drug effects , Triatoma/drug effects , Nymph/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of different penetration enhancers on the transcutaneous permeability of lappaconitine gel in vitro and therefore to screen out the effective accelerator to enhance the permeation rate of lappaconitine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using improved Franz-type diffusion cell and excised big mouse skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the kinetics parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity, permeation rate and permeation lagged time were determined by HPLC. The enhancement ability of four different enhancers such as azone (Azone), propylene glycol (PG), oleic acid (OA) and lauryl alcohol (LA), was investigated when used either uniquely or combinatively each other at random.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>When used combinatively, Azone + PG, LA + PG, OA + PG can enhance the cumulative permeation quantity, OA + PG was the best one among them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The selection of the best penetration enhancers provided reference for lappaconitine transdermal delivery.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Aconitine , Pharmacokinetics , Administration, Cutaneous , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic , Pharmacokinetics , Azepines , Pharmacology , Dodecanol , Pharmacology , Drug Combinations , Drug Synergism , In Vitro Techniques , Oleic Acid , Pharmacology , Propylene Glycol , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Skin AbsorptionABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effect of lidocaine-dodecanol binary eutectic system on the transdermal permeation of lidocaine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Binary eutectic mixture of different proportions of lidocaine and dodecanol were prepared and the patch containing the binary eutectic mixture was developed. The solubilities of pure lidocaine and lidocaine from the binary eutectic system were determined in pH 7.9 phosphate buffer. The transdermal flux of lidocaine from the patches containing the binary eutectic system and pure lidocaine were measured using Franz-type single diffusion cell.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The melting point of the lidocaine-dodecanol binary eutectic system was markedly lower than that of pure lidocaine. The steady state transdermal flux of lidocaine from the patch of the binary eutectic system was six times as much as that of pure lidocaine patch.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lidocaine-dodecanol binary eutectic system could produce high thermodynamic activity of the drug and the high driving force for transdermal permeation of lidocaine.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Administration, Cutaneous , Anesthetics, Local , Pharmacokinetics , Dodecanol , Chemistry , Drug Combinations , Drug Stability , Guinea Pigs , Lidocaine , Pharmacokinetics , Skin Absorption , SolubilityABSTRACT
O presente estudo comparou dois diferentes meios de armazenagem de implantes, lauril a 2 por cento (detergente) e álcool etílico, avaliando sua influência sobre a resposta biológica ao implante, através da quantificaçäo do contato ósseo direto e do teste de torque para remoçäo. Treze coelhos machos albinos da raça New Zealand foram utilizados para as avaliaçöes. Cada animal recebeu dois implantes. O mais próximo da metáfise tibial foi armazenado em lauril a 2 por cento, e o mais distante, em álcool etílico a 10 por cento. Após quatro meses de período cicatricial, os animais foram sacrificados. Os resultados demonstraram que, em relaçäo à porcentagem de contato ósseo direto, o armazenamento em álcool apresentou valores estatísticos significativamente melhores. Contudo, o teste de torque para remoçäo näo revelou diferenças estatisticamente expressivas