ABSTRACT
This study investigated the anti-doping policy promoted by the IOC historical sociologically focusing on the period from 1968 to 1999. Public opinion surrounding doping control has emerged as a large amount of drug possession by athletes who had participated in the 1952 Olympics was caught, as well as following the acident where an athlete had died during the competition as a result of doping. From 1960, as many doping cases in sports games were exposed, several international organizations proclaimed fight against doping in order to seek a preventive measure. In 1961, the IOC newly established a medical commission within the organization. It was decided to implement doping control and female sex testing at the same time for all athletes who participated in the 1967 Olympics, and they were implemented from 1968 winter and summer Olympic Games. In 1971, the provisions for the tests were prescribed as mandatory on the IOC charter. From 1989, the OCT system was introduced as a measure to overcome limitations of the detection during competition period. As political problems and limitations emerged, WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) was established in 1999 to professionally manage and push for doping control. Female sex testing policy contributed to preventing males from participating in female competition by deceiving their gender to some extent. However, it was abolished due to strong public condemnation such as women's rights issues, social stigma and pain, and gender discrimination debate. In 1984, a doping control center was established in Korea, which enabled drug use or doping in the sports world to emerge to the surface in our society. Korea Sports Council and KOC articles of association that supervise doping related matters of Korean athletes were revised in 1990. The action of inserting doping related issue in the articles of association was taken 20 years after the start of IOC doping policy. Beginning with two international competitions in the 1980s, Korean athletes experienced doping test directly, yet education about doping was limited. However, some national team level athletes tested positive on the doping test and underwent disciplinary action. In addition, athletic federation or leaders acquiesced athletes doping made secretly; this indicated that South Korea was also not free from doping. It was found that Korea world of sports showed very passive countermeasures and development process.
Subject(s)
Athletes , Athletic Performance , Doping in Sports/history , History, 20th Century , International Agencies/history , Policy Making , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
Atualmente cerca de seis milhões de mulheres atuam como atletas profissionais dispersas pelo mundo. Elas estão expostas a inúmeras situações, nas quais são prescritas medicações ou tratamentos para cefaleia, gripe, infecções genito-urinárias, dismenorreia, síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual, sobrepeso e possíveis lesões osteoarticulares, além da necessidade anticoncepcional. Embora a atleta seja responsável pela ingesta de determinada substância, julga-se pertinente atualizar o ginecologista em relação à prescrição de remédios e tratamentos para atletas e disponibilizar a lista de medicamentos proibidos pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional.
There are six million female professional athletes in the world nowadays. They are exposed in many situations to use several medications such as those to treat headache, flu, genital urinary infections, dysmenorrea, pre-menstrual symptoms, overweight, osteo-articular lesions and anticoncepcional pills. The athletes are responsible for their intake, but we feel it is the right time for a gynecological update, in what is permitted for such treatment. A list of prohibited medications by the International Olimpic Comite is listed.