Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of drowning in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Drowning is a leading cause of accidental injury in children and has a great impact on family and society. The prevention and treatment of drowning is of great importance for reducing mortality rate. This consensus reviews the literature on the epidemiology, rescue, resuscitation, and acute clinical management and prevention of drowning. The panel determines the score of available evidence according to the criteria of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and then makes recommendations on evidence based on such criteria, so as to provide a basis for further reducing the mortality and disability rates caused by drowning.

Call for more research on injury from the developing world: Results of a bibliometric analysis.

Background & objectives: Injury prevention is a daunting health challenge as public health systems particularly in the developing world are least prepared to respond to this issue. In 2005, an estimated 5.4 million people worldwide died from injuries over 90 per cent in low- and middle-income countries. The main objective of this bibliometric analysis was to document injury literature published on low- and middle- income countries, and also to quantify literature on road traffic injuries by countries before and after the World Health Day on Road Safety celebrated in April 2004. Methods: A systematic search was done using MeSH terms on PubMed. Papers on road traffic injuries were assessed by country/cluster and by publication date for two periods (March 2001 - March 2004) and (April 2004 - April 2007). The rate of articles published per million population was calculated. Finally, a comparison was made between disease burden in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and quantum of papers published. The search was performed on April 29, 2007. Results: PubMed had 8.26 million articles listed; of which, 72 per cent were in English and only 2 per cent were on unintentional injuries. For papers in all languages including English on road traffic injuries, 41 per cent were from US, 36 per cent from Europe (other than Eastern Europe). Two most populous countries, China and India contributed only 0.9 and 0.7 per cent papers on road traffic injuries, respectively. On neoplasm there were 280 articles published per million population whereas for road traffic injuries, rate was 4 articles per million population. Northern Africa, India and China had less than one article on road traffic injuries per 1,000 road traffic related deaths. The percentage change in English papers on road traffic injuries for the period 2004-2007 in comparison to period 2001-2004 was +191 per cent for China, +118 per cent for India, and +106 per cent for Middle East. Unintentional injuries overall represented 18 per cent of the burden in terms of DALYs and represented only 2 per cent of all published articles. Interpretation & conclusion: The results noticeably reflected the small proportion of papers on injuries, the dominance of US, and the apparent increase in percentage of road traffic injuries papers from low- and middle- income countries after World Health Day on Road Safety in 2004. Policies on injury prevention and safety in developing countries will be effective if based on local evidence and research, and designed to suit the social, political, and economic circumstances found in developing countries.

Accidentes en la infancia: su prevención, tarea prioritaria en este milenio / Accidents in pediatrics: the millennium challenge

Accidents and violence represent in Chile and Latinoamerican countries one of the leading mortality causes. Epidemiologic features of these health problems are described, with emphasis in prevention strategies.

Los traumatismos derivados de accidentes y violencias continúan representando en Chile y en muchos otros países latinoamericanos, la principal causa de muerte, entre los mayores de un año y hasta la edad adulta (46 años). Son importante causa de ingresos hospitalarios y consultas a los servicios de urgencia. Se describen las características epidemiológicas de accidentes y violencias, los accidentes y amenazas más frecuentes y los más notables que por su gravedad y trascendencia afectan al niño chileno. Se hace énfasis en la prevención de los más importantes y se enumeran las estrategias de intervención propuestas.

Prevention of drowning and its societal implications.

Death by drowning is not an uncommon phenomenon when stresses of the modern day life compel the person to end the life. In the regions where water sources are in abundance, e.g. rivers, canals, lakes, ponds and places near sea, these are readily available for such persons to end their lives. Homicides may also effected by pushing a person into well or canal. Accidents do occur when a person is walking or driving along a water source. We have to find out the reasons, by doing proper epidemiological studies, to find out ways to prevent such unnatural deaths. Daily we read some person committing suicide by one mean or other. In this ongoing study conducted in mortuary of Govt. Medical College, Patiala, relation of various factors like marital status, sex, age, etc with drowning were studied.

Norma nacional de reanimación cardiopulmonar básica pediátrica: parte I / National standard of pediatric basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation: part I

La reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) básica y el soporte vital para el grupo pediátrico debe, en forma ideal, ser parte de un proceso que involucre a toda la comunidad. Debe comprender: la educación para la prevención de lesiones, el reconocimiento del problema y/o el paro cardiorrespiratorio, la enseñanza del soporte vital básico pediátrico (SVBP), el manejo de la obstrucción de la vía aérea y el acceso a un sistema de emergencia médica (SEM) que esté preparado para las necesidades de los niños, con entrenamiento en el soporte vital avanzado pediátrico (SVAP) y cuidados posreanimación. El paro cardiorrespiratorio pediátrico (PCRP) es poco común. Si éste ocurre fuera del hospital, generalmente se presenta cerca del hogar, cuando los niños están bajo la supervisión de los padres. Por lo tanto, los cursos de SVBP deberían ser dados a parejas que van a tener niños, a los padres de niños pequeños, y a las personas involucradas en el cuidado de niños (personal de guarderías, asistentes del hogar, profesores, supervisores de actividades deportivas y personal que participa en el rescate durante las emergencias). Los padres de los niños que padecen de condiciones subyacentes que les predisponen a falla cardiopulmonar y los padres de los niños de alto riesgo (aquellos con enfermedades crónicas), deben ser los beneficiarios principales de estos cursos. Los cursos de SVBP deberían enseñar estrategias de prevención, técnicas de SVBP y acceso a los sistemas de emergencia médica

Acidentes: Projeto saude, vida, alegría / Accidents: Project health, life, joy

O assunto tratado é acidentes. Constata que os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de mortes entre jovens no Brasil. Fornece orientações de como evitar fazer parte dessas estatísticas fatais; atenta para o uso de determinados acessórios de proteção em caso de motos e bicicletas. Fala também dos acidentes domésticos, mais comum entre crianças, apontando os cuidados para evitá-los, e informa ainda, sobre hábitos de lazer que não oferecem risco de vida aos adolescentes.

Prevençäo de acidentes na infância / P

O objetivo dos autores nesta revisäo é comentar a importância dos acidentes na prática pediátrica, destacar os tipos mais comuns de acidentes em cada faixa etária, bem como as medidas mais importantes para preveni-los, e salientar o papel do pediatra na prevençäo dos mesmos