ABSTRACT
The poisoning information database (PIDB) provides clinical toxicological information on commonly encountered toxic substances in Korea. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage rate of the PIDB by comparing the database with the distribution of toxic substances that real poisoning patients presented to 20 emergency departments. Development of the PIDB started in 2007, and the number of toxic substances increased annually from 50 to 470 substances in 2014. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with toxic exposure who visited 20 emergency departments in Korea from January to December 2013. Identified toxic substances were classified as prescription drug, agricultural chemical, household product, animal or plant, herbal drug, or other. We calculated the coverage rate of the PIDB for both the number of poisoning cases and the kinds of toxic substances. A total of 10,887 cases of intoxication among 8,145 patients was collected. The 470 substances registered in the PIDB covered 89.3% of 8,891 identified cases related to poisoning, while the same substances only covered 45.3% of the 671 kinds of identified toxic substances. According to category, 211 prescription drugs, 58 agricultural chemicals, 28 household products, and 32 animals or plants were not covered by the PIDB. This study suggested that the PIDB covered a large proportion of real poisoning cases in Korea. However, the database should be continuously extended to provide information for even rare toxic substances.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Animals, Poisonous , Databases, Factual , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/poisoning , Emergency Service, Hospital , Pesticides/poisoning , Plants, Medicinal/poisoning , Poisoning/epidemiology , Prescription Drugs/poisoning , Republic of Korea , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study investigated the value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) caused by Sedum aizoon (SA). The clinical manifestations, treatment results, imaging findings, and histological findings of the liver were analyzed in 39 patients with HVOD caused by SA. Hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, abdominal effusion, and geographic density changes on liver CT scans were found in all 39 patients. The pathological findings of histological liver examination included swelling and point-like necrosis of liver cells, significant expansion and congestion of the sinuses, endothelial swelling, and wall thickening with incomplete lumen occlusion of small liver vessels. CT geographic density changes were confirmed by histological examination of the liver in 18 patients. Sixteen patients with small amounts of ascites that started within 4 weeks of treatment recovered completely or significantly improved after symptomatic and supportive treatment. However, only 43.75% of the patients with larger amounts of ascites improved following symptomatic and supportive treatment. In conclusion, liver CT examination is a valuable, safe, and noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of HVOD caused by SA. In selected cases, liver CT examination may replace liver biopsy and histological analysis.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/poisoning , Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease , Liver Circulation/drug effects , Sedum/poisoning , Ascites/etiology , Biopsy , China , Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/etiology , Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/pathology , Necrosis , Retrospective Studies , Sedum/classification , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution of aconite alkaloids in biological fluids and tissues in the corpse died of acute aconite intoxication and to provide information for sample selection and result evaluation in forensic identification.@*METHODS@#The content of aconite alkaloids in biological fluids and tissues were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.@*RESULTS@#The content of aconite displayed in decending order of urine, bile, gastric content, heart blood, pancreas, heart, intestine, liver, kidney, stomach, lung, gallbladder and spleen, with no aconite detected in the brain.@*CONCLUSION@#It was indicated that urine, bile and blood are the best specimens for the determination of aconite in body of the acute aconite intoxication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aconitine/urine , Aconitum/poisoning , Acute Disease , Bile/chemistry , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/poisoning , Forensic Medicine , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Hepatotoxic effect related to Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) mushroom powder was first described in a patient from Hong Kong in 2004. In 2005, the authors experienced a case of fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with such a preparation. Both patients had taken other therapeutic agents and traditionally boiled Lingzhi without any toxic effect. After switching to taking Lingzhi in powder form for 1-2 months, the hepatotoxic episode occurred in both patients. The toxic role of Lingzhi powder needs close monitoring in the future, especially in combination with other drugs.